膀胱移行细胞癌中p53突变、bcl-2和PCNA表达的临床意义

目的　　探讨膀胱癌中bcl-2、p53、PCNA表达与细胞增殖、凋亡和临床病理学参数之间的关系。方法　　SABC 免疫组化分折62例(T1GI —G339 例,T2-T4aG3　NOM023例)甲醛固定和石蜡包埋的膀胱癌标本bcl-2、p53 和PCNA蛋白的免疫反应性。平均随访37个月,24例复发。增殖指数(PI)表示肿瘤细胞中PCNA阳性细胞百分比。TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,凋亡指数(AI)表示肿瘤细胞中凋亡细胞的百分比。结果　　62例膀胱癌中,50例(80.0%)发生p53突变,与G1(72.7%)和G2(78.5%)相比较G3(91.3%)更多见(P<0.05);pT2期(95.7%)p53突变率较pTa-1期(74.3%)高(P<0.叭)。14例(22.5%)发现有bel-2表达,bcl-2表达阳性率G3明显高于G1和G2(P<0.05),与分期无关(P>0.05)。Bcl-2表达与p53突变无关。在膀胱癌中,PI 为17.2%～41.8%(平均为22.4%),AI为1.9%-3.5%(平均为2.9%)。统计分析显示PI与肿瘤分级、分期关系密切,AI与肿瘤的分级有明显关系。结论　　结果表明,p53突变与浸润性行为呈正相关。在膀胱癌中p53和PCNA过表达可能能提供有价值的预后信息。随着肿瘤的进展,肿瘤细胞过度增殖可能伴有频繁的凋亡,但增殖指数的增加明显强于凋亡指数的增加。     

直肠黏膜下注射复方氟脲嘧啶多相脂质体对直肠癌细胞凋亡和增殖的影响

目的探讨直肠黏膜下注射复方氟脲嘧啶多相脂质体(FPLC)对直肠癌细胞凋亡和增殖的影响。方法将40例直肠癌患者分为2个组:Ⅰ组化疗组(20例):于术前60h、36h,分2次直肠黏膜下注射FPLC,每次80mg。Ⅱ组对照组(20例):术前不用化疗。采用HE染色检测2组手术前后癌细胞的凋亡指数;S-P免疫组织化学法检测2组手术前后癌组织中PCNA、bcl-2和p53蛋白的表达,根据PCNA染色计算增殖指数,比较2组上述指标手术前后的变化。结果组患者术后癌细胞凋亡指数(apop-totic index,AI)(2.505±0.838)较术前(1.290±0.552)明显增加(P<0.001);癌细胞的增殖指数(proliferativeindex,PI)(41.335±18.778)较术前(45.755±21.478)明显下降(P<0.05);术后癌细胞bcl-2、p53蛋白的阳性表达均较术前明显下调(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组患者上述指标无明显改变。结论直肠黏膜下注射FPLC可使癌细胞AI明显增加,PI明显下降,bcl-2、p53蛋白阳性表达下调,说明FPLC可显著诱导直肠癌细胞的凋亡,抑制其增殖。     

PCNA及bcl-2基因在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨PCNA和bcl-2基因在膀胱癌组织中的表达及其预后意义，了解肿瘤增殖与凋亡的特点，揭示细胞凋亡和增殖在膀胱癌发生发展中的作用。方法：采用免疫组织化学LSAB法，对78例膀胱移行细胞癌组织进行PCNA和bcl-2表达的检测。结果：在膀胱癌中，PCNA主要呈胞核表达，bcl-2呈胞质表达，PCNA和bcl-2染色阳性率分别为35．9％和56．4％；PCNA表达与膀胱移行细胞癌组织分级、预后呈正相关(P=0．01，P=0．0386)，bcl-2亦与肿瘤分级、预后呈高度正相关(P=0．0002，P=0．0116)；PCNA和bcl-2表达无明显相关(P=0．2327)。结论：PCNA和bcl-2参与膀胱癌的恶性转化、侵袭及进展的过程；检测PCNA和bcl-2有助于判断膀胱肿瘤恶性分化程度，并且二者可以作为预后的评价指标。     

食管黏膜癌变过程中组织细胞增殖、凋亡和p53表达的变化

目的探讨食管黏膜癌变过程中增殖、凋亡和p53表达的变化及临床意义。方法对连续胃镜检查对象818例进行食管黏膜活检和病理组织学检查,并应用TUNEL法检测凋亡指数、免疫组织化学法检测增殖指数和p53表达。结果818例食管活检组织中,正常上皮694例,单纯增生39例,轻中度异型增生24例,食管鳞癌61例。在正常上皮→单纯增生→轻中度异型增生→鳞癌中,随分化程度的进展,凋亡指数（AI）等级逐渐降低,增殖指数（PI）等级和p53表达等级则逐渐增高,差异均有统计学意义。正常上皮中AI等级与PI和p53表达等级呈负相关,PI等级与p53表达等级呈正相关。单纯增生中AI等级与p53表达等级呈负相关,PI等级与p53表达等级呈正相关。轻中度异型增生和鳞癌中AI等级、PI等级及p53表达等级之间彼此均无相关性。结论AI等级降低,PI和p53表达等级升高是食管黏膜肿瘤性生长的特征,各病理类型本身凋亡增殖和p53表达的彼此相关性可能是制约或促进癌变的机制,这些变化可以作为食管上皮恶性变倾向的参考指标。     

膀胱癌细胞凋亡及p53基因表达的意义

目的探讨膀胱癌细胞凋亡及p53基因表达的意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法及TUNEL法,检测11例正常膀胱黏膜和83例膀胱移行细胞癌中p53基因的表达及细胞凋亡指数。结果83例膀胱移行细胞癌中p53阳性50.6%,凋亡指数(AI)=1.4335±0.3863。p53阳性表达与膀胱癌病理分级及临床分期呈正相关(γ=0.492,P<0.01;γ=0.341,P<0.01);凋亡指数(AI)与膀胱癌病理分级及临床分期呈正相关(γ=0.642,P=0.000<0.01;γ=0.455,P=0.000<0.01);AI与p53表达无相关性。AI、p53表达与患者5年生存率有关。结论临床联合运用临床分期及病理分级并检测p53可用于判断膀胱移行细胞癌的预后。     

HK-Ⅱ在结肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的检测己糖激酶-Ⅱ(HK-Ⅱ)在人结肠癌组织中的表达,并探讨其与肿瘤细胞增殖、凋亡的关系及临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测68例结肠癌组织HK-Ⅱ和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达,采用脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导的原位缺口末端标记 (TUNEL) 法检测细胞凋亡,计算增殖指数(PI)和凋亡指数(AI)。结果52例结肠癌组织HK-Ⅱ表达阳性,阳性率为76.5%。HK-Ⅱ阳性表达的结肠癌PI显著增高,而AI明显下降(均P<0.01)。结肠癌HK-Ⅱ表达在患者年龄、性别和肿瘤发生部位之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但在肿瘤分化程度、分期和淋巴结转移之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HK-Ⅱ在结肠癌增殖和进展中起着重要作用,可作为结肠癌恶性预后指标和临床治疗靶点。     

鼻咽癌中凋亡与p53和bcl—2基因表达的关系

目的 目前，凋亡已成为肿瘤研究的热点之一，尤其基因对凋亡的调节作用已成为基因治疗和评价疗效的方向。其中以p53与bcl-2基因尤为引人注目，因而，我们研究了鼻咽癌中凋亡与p53和bcl-2基因表达的关系。材料与方法 对近年我院治疗的99例鼻咽癌病人的标本，通过免疫组化染色的方法测定突变型p53和bcl-2基因的表达情况，并于光镜下根据形态学特征确定肿瘤凋亡细胞并计算其凋亡比例。结果 我们发现p53表达-、 、 、 的病理标本分别为30、60、4和5例，其凋亡指数为0.83%、0.55%、0.37%及0.14%，各组间统计有显著差异；84例bcl-2表达-、 、 、 4组的病理标本为57、17、10和0例，其凋亡指数分别为0.61%、0.40%和0.31%，各组间差异无显著性意义，但如将bcl-2表达阳性两组“ ”、“ ”合并为阳性组后分析，则bcl-2表达阴性与阳性之间差异有显著性意义（P<0.05)。同时将p53和bcl-2基因表达分为3组；二者皆阴性，其中一者为阳性二者皆为阳性组，其凋亡指数分别为0.88%、0.52%和0.49%，双阳性与双阴组间差异有显著性意义（P<0.01)。结论 鼻咽癌中p53和bcl-2基因的表达可以降低肿瘤本底凋良心比例。尤以p53基因为明显，但二者没有协同作用。     

bcl-2、bax和p53在鼻咽鳞癌中的表达及其与瘤细胞凋亡的关系

目的探讨bcl-2、bax和p53在鼻咽鳞癌中的表达及其与瘤细胞凋亡指数的关系。方法用免疫组织化学SP法检测48例鼻咽鳞癌中bcl-2、bax和p53的表达,用TUNEL法检测鼻咽鳞癌细胞的凋亡指数。结果48例鼻咽鳞癌中bcl-2、bax和p53阳性率分别为85.00%(41/48)、68.00%(33/48)和77.00%(37/48)。48例鼻咽鳞癌细胞的平均凋亡指数为25.62±25.78/HPF,凋亡指数与bcl-2、bax和p53的表达无相关性。结论鼻咽鳞癌中bcl-2和bax均呈高表达且已达到相对平衡,推测它们可能并不起到介导瘤细胞凋亡的主导作用。鼻咽鳞癌中p53的过表达可能已经失去了对bcl-2和bax表达的调节进而影响细胞凋亡的功能。     

宫颈癌放疗前后肿瘤细胞凋亡及其相关基因的变化

目的:探讨宫颈癌组织放疗前后肿瘤细胞凋亡及凋亡调节基因p53、bcl-2和bax蛋白表达的变化及意义.方法:选择未经治疗的宫颈癌患者20例为试验对象,采集放疗前和放疗10Gy后宫颈癌组织标本,用原位DNA切口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测凋亡细胞;单克隆抗体免疫组化SABC法检测细胞凋亡相关基因p53、bcl-2和bax的蛋白表达水平.结果:1)在宫颈癌放疗前后,肿瘤细胞凋亡阳性率和平均凋亡指数分别为25.00%和0.11%、75.00%和3.40%,放疗前后有显著性差异(P＜0.01);2)放疗前肿瘤细胞凋亡相关基因p53、bax和bcl-2蛋白表达阳性率分别为55%、10%和20%,而放疗后分别为25%、60%和25%,放疗后p53蛋白表达减少,bax蛋白明显增加,bcl-2蛋白无明显变化.结论:放射治疗诱导宫颈癌肿瘤细胞凋亡,可能与凋亡调节基因bax基因表达的诱导密切相关.     

骨肉瘤细胞凋亡相关基因的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨反映骨肉瘤预后的蛋白标记物。方法 对骨肉瘤石蜡组织作免疫组化和Tunel染色,研究p53 c-myc和bcl-2基因的表达与肿瘤细胞凋亡指数(Al)的关系,及其与病理类型和患者颅后的关系。结果 p53、c-myc和bcl-2的表达水平与细胞凋亡指数呈负相关,与病理类型无相关关性。p53、c-myc、bcl-2和细胞凋亡指数与患者远期生存密切相关。结论 p53、c-myc和bcl-2的表达水平以及细胞凋亡指数可作为判断骨肉瘤恶性程度和预后的指标,可指导临床进行治疗。     

膀胱移行细胞癌中p53突变、bcl-2和PCNA表达的临床意义

To correlate the frequency of p53 mutations, bcl-2 expression and the proliferation status (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) in patients with bladder cancer with cell proliferation, apoptosis and their clinico-pathologic findings. Paraffin-embedded sections from 39 superficial (T1G1-G3) and 23 invasive (T2-T4a G3 N0M0) primary transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) in the bladder were investigated immunohistochemically for p53, bcl-2 and PCNA. The median follow-up was 37 months; 24 had recurrences. The proliferation index (PI) was expressed as a percentage of the PCNA-positive cells in the tumor cells. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), and the apoptotic index (AI) was expressed as a percentage of the TUNEL-positive tumor cells. p53 mutation was identified in 50 patients (80.6%). The mutation was most common in tumors grade 3 (91.3%) as compared to grade 2 (78.5%) and grade 1 (72.7%, P<0.05). Stage pT2 tumors had a higher frequency of p53 mutation (95.7%) as compared to pTa-1 tumors (74.3%, P<0.01). Only 14 tumors (22.5%) expressed bcl-2; grade 3 tumors expressed bcl-2 significantly more frequently (P<0.05); there was no correlation between bcl-2 and tumor stage. There was no interrelation between p53 mutation and bcl-2 expression (P>0.05). The PI ranged from 17.2% to 41.8% (median 22.4%) and the AI from 1.9% to 3.5% (median 2.9%) in bladder cancer. Statistical analyses revealed a close associations between PI, AI and tumor grade and stage of bladder cancer. p53 mutation correlates with invasion. p53 and PCNA overexpression may offer valuable additional prognostic information in bladder tumors. With the progression of the tumor grade, cell proliferation may be accompanied by frequent apoptosis in bladder cancer, but the PI increased much more than the AI.     

Apoptosis in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and its relation to proliferation and expression of P53 and Bcl-2

Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (TCC) is a relatively common cancer among men. Tumor progression is associated with expression or modulation of several gene products that control apoptosis and proliferation. Apoptosis is a negative growth regulatory mechanism in tumors. The aim of this study is to examine apoptosis and related regulatory molecular markers in a group of patients with TCC. Paraffinembedded tissues from 49 patients with TCC were examined for the expression of bcl-2, p53 and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. Correlation between apoptotic index (AI), proliferation index (PI) and bcl-2 and p53 expression with each other and with pathological grade was determined. Apoptosis was observed in 28.1% of TCC cases. The mean AI of all cases was 13.7+/-24. No correlation was found between apoptosis and differentiation status of carcinoma. Bcl-2 expression was weakly detected in only one sample. P53 expression was detected in 26 of cases with mean staining index of 102+/-96. A significant correlation between p53 and Ki-67 staining indices was observed (r=0.521, p=0.001). Both p53 and Ki-67 expression showed a good association with the pathological grade (p=0.0001 and p=0.004, respectively). None of the markers showed significant correlation with AI and no correlation was found between the ratio of AI to PI and other parameters either. In conclusion, the frequency of apoptosis in TCC of bladder appears not to be associated with tumor grade, and with bcl-2, p53 and Ki-67 expression.     

Chemosensitivity and p53-dependent apoptosis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Although p53 gene mutation frequently is observed in ovarian carcinoma, the function of the p53 gene in chemosensitivity has not been defined conclusively. The objective of the current study was to elucidate the relation between chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through the p53 pathway and chemosensitivity to ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: Tumor samples were obtained from 24 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma before and after chemotherapy with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. Mutations in the p53 gene were screened by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and determined by cycle sequencing. Expression of the p53, Bax, and bcl-2 proteins and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Apoptotic cells were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick-end labeling method. RESULTS: Of the 24 patients, 12 responded to chemotherapy and 12 did not. p53 gene mutation was observed in ten nonresponders and two responders. The incidence of p53 protein expression in tumors with the gene mutation was 58% (7 of 12) and was 17% (2 of 12) in tumors without the gene mutation. A significant reverse correlation between apoptotic index (AI) and labeling index (LI), determined by the percentage of PCNA positive cells, was observed in tumors after chemotherapy. AI was found to increase significantly after chemotherapy in tumors with the wild-type p53 gene (3.84 +/- 1.64 vs. 7.13 +/- 5.23) but LI did not change in either tumor type. The expression of Bax protein was significantly greater in tumors with the wild-type p53 gene after chemotherapy. bcl-2 protein expression did not relate to p53 gene status before or after chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that p53-dependent apoptosis in tumors is strongly related to the chemosensitivity in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.     

Apoptosis and its correlation with proliferative activity in rectal cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alterations in the normal control of apoptosis and cell proliferation are important factors in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of apoptosis and cell proliferation in rectal cancers and to examine their relationship to clinicopathological variables and expression of bcl-2 and p53. METHODS: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67, bcl-2, and p53 were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 57 rectal cancers. RESULTS: There was a positive linear correlation between apoptotic index (AI) and proliferative index (PI) (gamma = 0.276, P = 0.038). Both apoptosis and cell proliferation were more frequently found in rectal cancers with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.045 and 0.010, respectively). However, the ratio of AI and PI was not different by nodal status. There was no association between Dukes stage and AI or PI. The frequency of apoptosis was inversely related to the expression of bcl-2, but was not related to the p53 status of rectal cancer. There were no association between cell proliferation and the expression of bcl-2 or p53. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the susceptibility to apoptosis in rectal cancer is clearly related to the proliferative activity and high turnover rate of tumor cells may contribute to lymph node metastasis.     

Growth characteristics of rectal carcinoid tumors

PURPOSE: Tissue growth depends on both cell proliferation and cell death. This study was designed to examine the growth characteristics of rectal carcinoid tumors. METHODS: Fifty rectal carcinoid tumors were studied clinicopathologically and experimentally. Expression of Ki-67, TGF-alpha, p53, and bcl-2 was examined immunohistochemically, and apoptotic cells were identified by the in situ DNA nick end labeling method. EGF receptor expression was examined by a colorimetric in situ mRNA hybridization technique. RESULTS: The median Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in all lesions was 0.62 +/- 0.59%. Ki-67 LI was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in lesions larger than 5 mm than in lesions smaller than 5 mm. TGF-alpha was expressed more frequently (p < 0.01) in lesions larger than 5 mm (100%) than in lesions smaller than 5 mm (65.2%). Ki-67 LI was significantly (p < 0. 05) higher in lesions with TGF-alpha expression than in lesions without TGF-alpha expression. The in situ hybridization revealed EGF receptor expression in all 46 lesions with intact mRNA (100%), and coexpression of TGF-alpha and EGF receptor was found in 39 of the 46 (84.8%) lesions. The median apoptotic index (AI) in all lesions was 0.15 +/- 0.12%. AI has increased with tumor size and was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in lesions with a higher Ki-67 LI than in lesions with a lower Ki-67 LI. p53 protein was detected in only 1 patient who had liver metastases, and the gene mutation was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. bcl-2 expression was absent in all lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The Ki-67 LI indicated a low cellular proliferative activity in rectal carcinoid tumors. AI was very low, and was significantly correlated with proliferative rate. Inhibition of apoptosis by mutated p53 or bcl-2 may not have occurred in most of these tumors. TGF-alpha/EGF receptor autocrine mechanisms may play a possible role in tumor growth, and the cellular proliferative activity may increase as tumors grow larger.     

PCNA及bcl-2基因在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的 :探讨PCNA和bcl 2基因在膀胱癌组织中的表达及其预后意义 ,了解肿瘤增殖与凋亡的特点 ,揭示细胞凋亡和增殖在膀胱癌发生发展中的作用。方法 :采用免疫组织化学LSAB法 ,对 78例膀胱移行细胞癌组织进行PCNA和bcl 2表达的检测。结果 :在膀胱癌中 ,PCNA主要呈胞核表达 ,bcl 2呈胞质表达 ,PCNA和bcl 2染色阳性率分别为 35 9%和 5 6 4 % ;PCNA表达与膀胱移行细胞癌组织分级、预后呈正相关 (P =0 0 1,P =0 0 386 ) ,bcl 2亦与肿瘤分级、预后呈高度正相关 (P =0 0 0 0 2 ,P =0 0 116 ) ;PCNA和bcl 2表达无明显相关 (P =0 2 32 7)。结论 :PCNA和bcl 2参与膀胱癌的恶性转化、侵袭及进展的过程 ;检测PCNA和bcl 2有助于判断膀胱肿瘤恶性分化程度 ,并且二者可以作为预后的评价指标     

Apoptosis, p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 in invasive bladder carcinoma: possible predictors for response to radiochemotherapy and successful bladder preservation

Purpose: Several groups have reported the value of bladder preservation by a combined treatment protocol, including transurethral resection (TUR-B) and radiochemotherapy (RCT). As more experience is acquired with organ-sparing treatment, patient selection should be optimized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of several biologic markers that may predict response to RCT in muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma.

Methods and Materials: The apoptotic index (AI), Ki-67, p53, and bcl-2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on pretreatment biopsies from 70 patients treated for invasive bladder cancer by TUR-B and RCT. Expression of each marker was correlated with initial response, local control, and cancer-specific survival with preserved bladder. An exploratory multivariate analysis was also performed that included clinical and immunohistochemical variables.

Results: A high AI (> median = 1.6%) and a high Ki-67 index (> median = 8.8%), but not the p53- and bcl-2 expression, were significantly related to initial complete response (CR) and local control with preserved bladder after 5 years. When the AI and Ki-67 expression were considered simultaneously, the association with initial CR (p < 0.001), local control (p = 0.0002), and cancer-specific survival with preserved bladder (p = 0.008) was highly significant. In an exploratory multivariate analysis (final model), only AI, Ki-67, and the combined AI/Ki-67 variable retained significance for local control with preserved bladder at 5 years.

Conclusion: Patients with a high spontaneous AI and a high pretreatment Ki-67 index should be considered preferentially for treatment with RCT, whereas tumors with low proliferation and low levels of apoptosis are less likely to respond to RCT.     

Spontaneous apoptosis in ovarian carcinomas: a positive association with p53 gene mutation is dependent on growth fraction

Changes in cell survival contribute to tumour development, influence tumour biology and its response to chemotherapy. p53 gene alterations should negatively affect apoptosis by impaired p53-dependent apoptotic response. We looked for associations between spontaneous apoptosis, p53 gene mutation, p53 protein accumulation, growth fraction, bcl-2 expression and histological parameters in 64 ovarian, four tubal and three peritoneal carcinomas. Apoptotic cells were detected with the TUNEL method. p53 gene variants were detected by the single-strand conformation polymorphism and were sequenced directly. P53, Ki-67 and bcl-2 protein expressions were detected immunohistochemically. A weighed multiple logistic regression model was applied. Apoptotic index (AI) ranged 0.02-0.18 (mean 0.11); proliferation index (PI) ranged 3-90% (mean 54%). p53 gene mutations were present in 51, p53 protein accumulation in 46, and diffuse bcl-2 expression in 29 of 71 tumours. The AI was positively associated with the presence of p53 gene mutation (P = 0.011). However, the PI included into the analysis did positively influence the AI (P = 0.02) and diminished the association with p53 gene mutation (P = 0.082). The AI was negatively associated with good histological differentiation (P = 0.0006), the serous tumour type (P = 0.002), and diffuse bcl-2 expression (P = 0.025). Strong bcl-2 expression was associated with endometrioid tumour type (P = 0.002). FIGO stage and p53 protein accumulation were the only parameters that influenced overall survival time. Thus, our results suggest that histological tumour type and grade are major determinants of spontaneous apoptosis in ovarian carcinomas; p53 alterations do not adversely but rather positively affect spontaneous apoptosis by increasing growth fraction. This, in turn, suggests p53-independency of spontaneous apoptosis in ovarian carcinomas.     

bcl-2和p53的表达在膀胱癌预后判断中的意义

以免疫组织化学染色的方法,研究ｐ５３和ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在膀胱癌中表达,以及与病理临床表现之间的关系。方法：应用抗ｐ５３和ｂｃｌ－２的单克隆抗体,以标准的ＬＳＡＢ方法,共分析了１３１例患者的肿瘤标本。结果：ｐ５３染色阳性的肿瘤为８６例（６５．６％）,Ｇ３级阳性的比例（８４．１％）,明显高于Ｇ１－２级（５６．３％）,Ｐ＝０．００１２）;浸润型（Ｔ２－４）肿瘤阳性的比例（７５．８％）明显高于浅型肿瘤（５５