酒石酸长春氟宁脂质体的体内外评价

采用pH梯度法制备两种不同药脂比的酒石酸长春氟宁脂质体(vinflunine tartrate-loaded liposomes,VT-L)。运用激光粒度仪考察了脂质体的粒径分布和zeta电位;阳离子交换树脂-离心法测定了包封率;以酒石酸长春氟宁注射液(vinflunine tartrate injection,VT-I)为对照,比较了不同药脂比的VT-L对裸鼠体内肿瘤抑制和毒性的情况。结果显示,药脂比为1∶5和1∶10的VT-L平均粒径分别为124.6和128.3 nm,zeta电位分别为-25.3和-22.8 mV,包封率分别为94.46%和97.31%。两种药脂比的VT-L对人非小细胞肺癌A549裸鼠移植瘤的抗瘤效应明显优于VT-I,毒性低于VT-I。而两种药脂比的VT-L的抗瘤效应和毒性无显著差别。     

长春氟宁抗肿瘤作用的研究

目的检测长春氟宁对微管聚集的作用,并研究长春氟宁体外和体内的抗肿瘤作用。方法用浊度实验检测长春氟宁对微管聚集的抑制作用,并以多株肿瘤细胞和荷瘤小鼠分别研究长春氟宁体外、体内的抗肿瘤作用。结果长春氟宁抑制猪脑中提取的微管的聚集,IC50为2.0μmol·L-1;体外试验,长春氟宁抑制多株瘤细胞的IC50在0.05～2.2μmol·L-1之间;体内试验,长春氟宁剂量依赖性地抑制小鼠不同类型移植肿瘤的生长。长春氟宁体外和体内的药物作用比阳性对照药物长春瑞宾弱,但从最大药物疗效来看,长春氟宁对体内肿瘤生长的抑制率比长春瑞宾大。结论长春氟宁能够抑制微管的聚集,在体外体内均有明显的抗肿瘤作用。     

抗肿瘤药物长春氟宁

长春氟宁为第3代长春花生物碱双氟化半合成衍生物,对包括尿路上皮移行细胞癌（TCCU）在内的多种实体瘤有抗癌活性,且与其他长春花生物碱衍生物相比,其抗癌活性更强、更安全。一项Ⅲ期临床研究的多因素分析显示：在最佳支持疗法（BSC）的基础上加用长春氟宁能明显提高TCCU患者总体生存率。     

6—氟喹酮酸衍生物Q68的体内外抗菌作用

６┐氟喹酮酸衍生物Ｑ６８的体内外抗菌作用Ｉｎｖｉｔｒｏａｎｄｉｎｖｉｖｏａｎｔｉｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｎｅｗ６┐ｆｌｕｏｒｏｑｕｉｎｏｌｏｎｅｄｅｒｉｖａｔｉｖｅＱ６８钱红美王梦叶琨任宇孙奋治吴国沛ＱｉａｎＨｏｎｇｍｅｉ，Ｗａｎ...     

以c-Met为靶点的抗肿瘤系列化合物体内外药效筛选

目的　从8个LY系列肝细胞生长因子受体（c-Met）酪氨酸激酶抑制剂中筛选具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物,并进一步评价其体内外抗肿瘤作用。方法　首先采用均相时间分辨荧光技术（HTRF）对LY系列化合物进行初步筛选,观察它们对c-Met酪氨酸激酶的抑制作用;采用CCK8法观察筛选出的活性化合物在体外对人胃癌MKN-45、人神经胶质瘤U87MG、人肾癌Caki-1、人前列腺癌PC-3细胞株的增值抑制作用。建立人恶性胶质母细胞瘤U87MG裸小鼠移植瘤模型,考察活性化合物的抑瘤效果。结果　HTRF结果显示有4个活性较好的化合物（LY22,LY25,LY28,LY32）,其中LY28对c-Met抑制作用优于阳性对照药Crizotinib;CCK8结果显示这些活性化合物对选用的4种靶细胞均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中LY28对肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用最明显;裸小鼠移植瘤实验显示,LY28可显著抑制U87MG裸小鼠移植瘤的增殖,40 mg/kg LY28抑瘤率达到78.13%。结论　化合物LY28具有较好抗肿瘤活性,具有进一步研发的价值。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定中国肿瘤患者血浆中长春氟宁的浓度

目的 建立测定人血浆中长春氟宁(抗肿瘤药)浓度的高效液相色谱-质谱联用方法(LC-MS/MS).方法 以XB-CN柱(5 μm,4.6 mm×100 mm)为色谱柱,流动相为0.02 mol·L-1乙酸胺(pH=3.0)-乙腈=20:80,流量为200μL·min-1,以液-液萃取方法提取血浆样品中的长春氟宁,样本经ESI源正离子化后,通过API 2000三级四极杆串联质谱仪,用多反应离子监测方式(MRM)对长春氟宁(m/z:817.60/160.10)进行测定,并将此方法应用于测定中国肿瘤患者血中长春氟宁浓度.结果 长春氟宁的血浆药物浓度在5～1 000 ng·mL-1线性良好,y=6.01-5.03×10-2x(γ=0.9958),低、中、高浓度(15,500,800 ng·mL-1)的绝对回收率分别为81.08%,94.31%,88.06%,批内、批间精密度良好(RSD＜10%).结论 该方法稳定、准确、灵敏、快速、特异性强,可用于该药临床药代动力学特征的研究.     

国产替考拉宁体内外抗菌作用研究

目的：为了评价国产替考拉宁对510株临分离菌的体外抗菌活性，并与进口产品替考拉宁及万古霉素进行比较，方法：采用琼脂二倍稀释法和试管二倍稀释法测定药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）及最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：国产替考拉宁的抗菌活性与万古霉素相似或略强，其对MRSDA和MSSA的MIC50分别为4、1mg/L，对MRSE和MSSE的MIC50分别为1、0.5mg/L。对所试大多数菌株MIC50为0．06－4mg/L，与进口的替考拉宁的抗菌活性无显著差异，替考拉宁在2－4MIC浓度时呈杀菌作用，替考拉宁的MIC值随接种菌量增加升高2－8倍，受PH和血清浓度影响不大，体内保护试验表明，替考拉宁静脉和皮下给药对金葡球菌981925、肺炎链球菌98135和肠球菌9804所致小鼠全身感染的ED50分别为0．59、0．38、0．17mg/kg（静脉注射）和1．08、0．87、0．36mg/kg（皮下注射）。其体内抗菌作用比万古霉素中6－12倍以上。     

替加氟衍生物M1的合成及其体内外抗肿瘤活性研究

<正>化疗是治疗癌症的重要手段之一,替加氟为常用的一线化疗药物,但其不良反应严重,如何使其在发挥抗肿瘤作用的同时,减少毒副作用成为众多学者关注的焦点。本研究以替加氟为母体,分子中引入1,3,4-噻二唑类杂环和酰氨基团,设计合成新型化合物M1,使其抗肿瘤活性叠加,毒性降低,并对其体内外抗肿瘤活性进行了研究,以期为合成高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物提供实验依据。     

氟罗沙星的体内外试验相关性研究

本文研究了新型喹诺酮类药物氟罗沙星体外溶出与体内吸收之间的相关性。实验表明，本品口服吸收在血清中达峰时间较快，作用持久，消除半衰期为９．６０ｈｒ。在人工胃液中溶出速率较快，在血清达峰之前，体内吸收与体外溶出量之间呈现良好的相关性。     

新的氟萘啶酸抗生素DW286的体内外抗菌活性

喹诺酮类药物具有广谱抗菌活性 ,可用于治疗尿路感染。近几年 ,研究新的喹诺酮目的即改善药物动力学性质 ,增加对革兰氏阳性菌、球菌和厌氧菌及喹诺酮耐药菌的活性 ,提高抗菌素对非发酵革兰氏阳性菌种的活性 ,新的氟喹诺酮衍生物的使用将有助于降低对其他抗菌剂的耐药性 ,为达到这一目的 ,合成了一种新的氟喹诺酮衍生物ＤＷ 2 86 ,化学式是 7- [3-氨甲基 - 4-甲氧基亚氨基 - 3-甲基四氢 - 1Ｈ - 1-吡咯甲酰 ]- 1-环丙基 - 6 -氟 - 4-氧代 - 1,4 -二氢 [1,8]-氮杂萘 - 3-羧酸盐酸盐。Ｈｅｅ -Ｊｅｏｎｇ等测定了ＤＷ 2 86在几组临床分离株中…     

Novel Biomaterial for Transdermal Application: In vitro and In vivo Characterization

The objective of the present study was to evaluate a novel film forming biomaterial for its potential application in the preparation of unilaminate transdermal adhesive matrix systems. The biomaterial, Damar Batu (DB), was tried alone and in combination with Eudragit RL100 as a matrixing agent in the preparation of transdermal patches. Developed transdermal patches of Diltiazem hydrochloride (DH) were evaluated for thickness uniformity, weight uniformity, folding endurance and drug content. USP dissolution apparatus V was used for in vitro drug release studies. Modified Franz diffusion cell used for permeation study using excised human cadaver skin. Total 6 formulations were developed and on the basis of in vitro drug release and in vitro skin permeation profile F5 composed of DB: Eudragit RL100 (60:40) and carrying 20 %w/w DH was selected as an optimized formulation for in vivo study. The in vivo study results showed that F5 achieved the Cmax of about 269.76?±?1.52?ng/mL in 6?h and sustained the release of the drug till 24?h. The skin irritation study results proved that the novel biomaterial is non-sensitizing and non-irritating. Drug-polymer interaction study carried out to check the compatibility of drug and polymer showed the intactness of the drug in the formulation proving the compatibility of the polymer. It can be proposed from the outcome of the present study that by applying suitable adhesive layer and backing membrane, DB: Eudragit RL100 (60:40) transdermal patches can be of potential therapeutic use.     

肝脏体外模型及其在毒理学方面的应用

肝脏体外模型发展很快并日趋成熟。目前 ,常用的肝脏体外模型包括原代肝细胞模型、离体肝脏模型、肝脏切片模型、肝细胞系模型、亚细胞模型及基因工程细胞模型等 ,其中原代肝细胞模型最为常用。上述模型除了可以应用于药物肝脏毒性机制的研究之外 ,还可以用于药物毒性的高通量筛选。在今后的研究中 ,如何改善肝脏体外模型的培养条件及完善药物肝脏毒性研究体系是急需解决的课题。     

In vitro and in vivo models of celiac disease

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Human in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models could be important tools for studying BBB development, maintenance and regulation. However, our capacity to obtain information from these models is still limited in part because only in recent years have (i) these models been derived from non-brain cell sources (e.g. stem cells), (ii) microfluidic systems been developed to recapitulate aspects of BBB physiology and (iii) new insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of BBB diseases (e.g. Huntington´s, Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome) been described.

Area covered: This article reviews the technological advances in the derivation of human cells from the neurovascular unit using stem cells and the creation of personalized BBB models generated from patients with neurodegenerative diseases. It also reviews the scientific advances generated from in vitro BBB models.

Expert opinion: The recent technological advances in the derivation of human cells from the neurovascular unit from stem cells as well as in the generation of BBB-on-a-chip that recapitulate in vitro part of the BBB physiology are significant to generate more robust BBB models; however, a considerable effort is still needed to validate the potential of these models to recapitulate the in vivo cellular and molecular mechanisms, in particular regarding BBB function in health and disease.     

Docetaxel-loaded exosomes for targeting non-small cell lung cancer: preparation and evaluation in vitro and in vivo

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly lethal disease and the majority of NSCLC patients are desperate for therapies that can effectively target their cancer and ultimately improve their overall survival. Docetaxel (DTX) represents the first-line of the antitumor agent that is used to treat NSCLC; however, it has poor solubility in water and unsatisfactory encapsulation efficiency. In our study, exosomes were isolated from A549 cancer cells by ultracentrifugation and then characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot (WB). The particle size changes of EXO and EXO-DTX were measured daily for seven days to test the stability. DTX was selected payload by electroporation (EXO-DTX). For the in vitro evaluation, cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay and cellular uptake were evaluated in the A549 cells. Also, this study evaluated the target and therapeutic effect of DTX as an antitumor agent in vivo. As a result, EXO-DTX with a particle size of 149.5 nm were successfully prepared and the cytotoxicity of the EXO-DTX was much greater than that of DTX monomers. Exosomes significantly increased the cellular uptake in vitro evaluation and showed better targeting to tumor tissue compared to the free DTX in the mice. We also explored the potential of tumor cell-derived exosomes as a drug delivery agent to target the parent cancer. Hence, we conclude that exosomes might be used as a potential antitumor drug delivery system (DDS).     

In vitro — In vivo correlation of dissolution,a time scaling problem? Transformation of in vitro results to the in vivo situation,using theophylline as a practical example

Summary Two principal approaches to demonstrating the continuous in vivo relevance of an in vitro dissolution test are outlined. The first uses the convolution technique to predict the concentration-time course in vivo; the second uses deconvolution as a mathematical tool to estimate the in vivo dissolution profile. The weighting function must be known to utilise either technique. Defined by the aim of the analysis the dose-normalized response to the oral solution is regarded as the weighting function (Impulse Response). In both cases the essential step is continuous comparison of the predicted time dependent data with actual readings of the same class. To permit the prediction of concentration-time data from in vitro dissolution data the basic equations for the transformation of the time base from in vitro to in vivo conditions are developed. The transformation is essential, since one cannot assume that the time scales for the in vitro and the in vivo experiment are definitely the same. The estimated in vivo dissolution profile using the deconvolution technique gives a hypothetical image of the true in vivo dissolution curve. Comparison with in vitro dissolution test results, using one of the equivalence testing procedures, reveals how closely and for how long the in vitro dissolution test simulates the in vivo dissolution process. For the formulation of theophylline studied, equivalence of the in vitro and the estimated in vivo dissolution profiles was not confirmed for the entire period of observation, but it was demonstrated for approximately the first 5 h. The later inequivalence is not due to possible non-linear or time-dependent kinetics of theophylline. There is a discussion of whether a change in pH, agitation of the formulation, diffusion conditions or the absorption rate constant along the gastrointestinal tract might explain the biphasic linear correlation of the in vitro and in vivo data observed.     

In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of derivatives of 1,10-phenanthroline framework

A series of trisubstituted 1,10-phenanthrolines was prepared. These compounds exhibited mild to high biological activities in vitro both toward chloroquino-resistant FcB1-Columbia and FcM29-Cameron strains and Nigerian chloroquino-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Cytotoxicity of the most active compounds was estimated showing that one compound (10) exhibited a selective activity against malaria parasite (selectivity indexes of 52 and 144). Antiplasmodial activity of this derivative was optimized by N-10 alkylation and the phenanthrolinium salt (15) submitted to an in vivo study using mice infected by P. vinckei petteri showing an ED50 of 7.86 mg/kg/day.     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of three metronidazole topical products

Abstract

Two 1% and one 0.75% metronidazole cream products were approved as bioequivalent products. These products were evaluated for their in vivo cutaneous penetration characteristics by dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) and dermal microdialysis (DMD) sampling methodologies. The same three products were also evaluated for their rheological and in vitro drug release (IVR) properties. Structural differences were observed in the resulting flow curves. However, similar IVR profiles were obtained for the two topical semisolid dosage forms containing 1% metronidazole. For the lower strength product, a higher IVR rate was associated with the lower DPK profile. All three products exhibited similar values of area under the curve when investigated by DMD. This in vitro evaluation corroborated the divergent penetration characteristics found using in vivo methodologies.     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of targeting efficiency of Adriamycin hydrochloride magnetic microspheres

The objective of this study was to prepare magnetic microspheres as a targeting drug delivery system and to specifically evaluate its targeting efficiency. The magnetic microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking techniques. Targeting efficiency was specifically investigated by experiments of biodistribution on rats and histological study. Adriamycin hydrochloride (ADR)-loaded magnetic microspheres were successfully prepared with the mean diameter of 3.853 μm (± 1.484 μm), and had its speciality of superparamagnetism. The results of the targeting efficiency study showed that application of the external magnetic field significantly increased the ADR concentration from 40.28 μg/ml to 100.70 μg/ml at 10?min, 36.99 μg/ml to 91.16 μg/ml at 60?min, and 13.71 μg/ml to 28.30 μg/ml at 180?min in liver as the targeting tissue. The relative uptake efficiencies in liver by injection treatment of ADR magnetic microspheres with external magnetic field were 3.87, 5.59, and 3.34 at 10?min, 60?min, and 180?min after administration, respectively. In conclusion, distinguished targeting efficiency was displayed, which indicated that the magnetic microspheres could be applied as a novel targeting drug delivery system.     

In vitro assays and techniques utilized in anticancer drug discovery

Development of a cancer is a multistep process and six major hallmarks of cancer that are known to control malignant transformation have been described. Anticancer drug development is a tedious process, requiring a number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. In vitro assays provide an initial platform for cancer drug discovery approaches. A wide range of in vitro assays/techniques have been developed to evaluate each hallmark feature of cancer and selection of a particular in vitro assay or technique mainly depends on the specific research question (s) to be examined. In the present review, we have described some commonly utilized in vitro assays and techniques used to examine cell viability/proliferation, apoptosis, cellular senescence, invasion and migration, oxidative stress and antioxidant effects, gene and protein expression, angiogenesis and genomic alterations in cancer drug discovery. Additionally, uses of modern techniques such as high throughput screening, high content screening and reporter gene assays in cancer drug discovery have also been described.