子宫内膜间质肉瘤9例临床病理分析

目的 探讨子宫内膜间质肉瘤(endometrial stromal sarcoma,ESS)的临床病理特征、诊断、鉴别诊断及预后.方法 对9例ESS患者进行临床、病理资料分析、免疫组化检测及随访.结果 患者年龄39～64岁,中位46.3岁.临床主要表现为阴道流血及子宫增大/占位.肿瘤直径2.3～11 cm,平均4.6 cm.光镜下8例呈低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤(low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma,LGESS),均由类似增殖期子宫内膜间质肿瘤细胞构成,细胞密集,异型性不明显,呈不规则舌状或岛状浸润肌层,并伴较多薄壁螺旋小血管;1例为高度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤/未分化子宫内膜肉瘤(high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma/undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma,HGESS/UES),肿瘤细胞直接替代子宫肌层,具有明显的细胞异型性,无LGESS常见的螺旋小血管.免疫组化检测显示肿瘤细胞CD10、vimentin均阳性,PR、ER大部分阳性,SMA和desmin及h-Caldesmon为极少数局灶阳性,S-100、CD34均阴性.术后随访7例(平均53个月),只有1例HGESS/UES死亡.结论 ESS是女性生殖道很少见的一种恶性肿瘤,恶性度相差很大.确诊主要依靠其临床病理特点,并辅以免疫组化标记综合分析.诊断时要与子宫内膜间质结节、平滑肌肿瘤、低分化癌等鉴别.     

伴有特殊形态子宫内膜间质肉瘤10例临床病理特征分析

目的探讨低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤(low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma,LGESS)变异形态的临床病理特点。方法回顾性分析10例LGESS的临床病理特征、免疫表型特征并对患者进行随访。采用免疫组化En Vision两步法检测CD10、vimentin、ER、PR、SMA、desmin、H-caldesmon、α-inhibin和Ki-67的表达,并复习相关文献。结果10例LGESS平均发病年龄47. 5岁,肿块最大径4. 1～12. 2 cm;镜下除经典形态外,8例见黏液变,4例伴平滑肌分化,3例呈印戒细胞样形态,2例伴纤维化,2例间质出现石棉样纤维,2例微囊性变,1例伴广泛玻璃样变性,1例同时出现性索样、腺管样、腺瘤样瘤样、梁状、囊性变、伴横纹肌分化等形态,1例子宫内膜间质肉瘤(endometrial stromal sarcoma,ESS)卵巢转移灶见蜕膜样形态。10例LGESS均表达CD10、vimentin,1例ER、PR阴性,ESS瘤细胞中Ki-67增殖指数均10%,1例伴性索样分化ESS局部α-inhibin阳性,在伴有平滑肌分化的区域H-caldesmon阳性(4/10)、desmin(4/10)阳性、SMA(6/10)阳性。结论 LGESS特殊变异形态给病理医师带来病理诊断上的挑战,联合应用免疫组化及基因检测可为临床提供更精准的病理诊断。     

子宫内膜间质肉瘤5例临床病理分析

目的 探讨子宫内膜间质肉瘤(endometrial stromal sarcoma,ESS)的临床病理特点、诊断、鉴别诊断及免疫表型.方法 回顾性分析5例ESS患者的临床资料,探讨其病理特点、免疫表型及预后等相关因素.结果 5例ESS中,低度恶性4例,高度恶性1例,镜下见低度恶性密集排列的类似增殖期子宫内膜间质细胞围绕螺旋小动脉样的血管分布,核分裂少见,高度恶性瘤细胞大,异型性明显,小血管数量减少,核分裂多见,浸润明显,伴坏死,免疫表型:CD10、vimentin、ER、PR均阳性,CK、CD34、Melan-A均阴性.结论 ESS是女性生殖道少见肿瘤,术前常误诊为平滑肌瘤,确诊主要依靠组织病理学、免疫表型来判断肿瘤有无浸润及恶性程度的高低.CD10可作为ESS的鉴别诊断的重要标记之一.     

子宫内膜间质肿瘤35例临床病理分析

目的 探讨子宫内膜间质肿瘤(endometrial stromal tumours, ESTs)的临床病理学特征,以期提高对ESTs的诊断和治疗水平.方法 回顾性分析35例子宫内膜间质肿瘤患者的临床及病理资料,部分辅以免疫组织化学染色分析.结果 患者平均年龄45岁,临床主要表现为子宫占位和阴道出血,35例ESTs中子宫内膜间质结节(endometrial stromal nodule, ESN)4例、低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤(low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma,ESS)26例、未分化子宫内膜肉瘤(undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma,UES)5例.ESN和ESS均由类似增生期子宫内膜间质的肿瘤细胞构成,并伴有丰富的螺旋小动脉,UES则具有明显的细胞异型性并缺乏螺旋动脉.18例辅以免疫组化标记的病例中17例CD10阳性,7例SMA局灶阳性,4例desmin局灶阳性.结论 ESTs是一组诊断可能具有困难的子宫间叶肿瘤,确诊依靠组织病理和一组免疫组化抗体标记,诊断上应与平滑肌肿瘤、PEComa等肿瘤相鉴别.     

子宫内膜间质肉瘤及双侧卵巢内膜样间质肉瘤1例

患者,41岁.2006年1月因阴道不规则出血伴腹痛2个月行诊刮术,病理报告为少量增生期子宫内膜伴子宫内膜间质增生,可见丰富的螺旋动脉,核分裂5～6个/10 HPF,由于组织破碎,与周围结构不清,目前难以判断良、恶性.术后患者常出现阴道不规则出血,多次B超及宫腔镜检查均见宫腔后壁占位,病理检查示子宫内膜间质细胞增生,但不能明确与周围组织的关系.近2个月出现下腹痛,2009年8月B超示宫腔占位,右侧附件混合型包块.2009年9月行手术治疗,术中切除右侧卵巢肿块送快速病理检查,诊断为子宫内膜间质肉瘤(endometrial stromal sarcoma,ESS).遂予扩大全子宫切除术+双侧附件切除术.     

原发性子宫外子宫内膜间质肉瘤5例临床病理分析

目的 探讨原发性子宫外子宫内膜间质肉瘤(extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma,EESS)的临床病理特征、免疫表型、生物学行为及诊疗进展.方法 收集5例EESS的临床病理资料,并进行免疫组化检测及预后随访.结果 5例患者病理诊断均为低级别EESS,其中1例发生于腹腔、网膜及肠系...     

子宫内膜间质肉瘤伴多成分分化

目的 探讨子宫内膜间质肉瘤伴多成分分化的临床、病理特征,及其鉴别诊断及预后的意义。方法 观察１７例子宫内膜间质肉瘤的组织形态,部分病例辅以免疫组织化学染色或电镜观察。结果 １３例低度恶性及４例高度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤表现多成分分化,其中１３例伴性索样分化,１０例伴平滑肌分化,２例伴骨分化,１例伴横纹肌分化,有９例同时伴２种多成分分化。结论 无论低度恶性或高度恶性的子宫内膜间质肉瘤均可伴多成分分化,以性索样分化与平滑肌分化最常见,少见伴骨分化或横纹肌分化。子宫内膜间质肉瘤的预后与多成分分化的数量及类型关系不大。     

肺穿刺活检转移性低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤临床病理分析

目的探讨肺穿刺活检转移性低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤(low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, LG-ESS)的临床病理特点、免疫表型及鉴别诊断。方法收集2例肺穿刺活检转移性LG-ESS,分析其临床资料、病理组织学、免疫表型特点,并复习相关文献。结果 2例均为原位复发且发生肺多发转移患者,临床行肺穿刺活检。镜下肿瘤细胞均呈短梭形弥漫排列,间质见螺旋小动脉,例2可见平滑肌样细胞。免疫表型:瘤细胞CD10、ER、PR均弥漫阳性,Ki-67增殖指数5%,例2平滑肌样细胞SMA、h-caldesmon均阳性。子宫原发肿瘤病理切片形态一致,且均见脉管内瘤栓。结论 LG-ESS发生肺转移非常罕见,肺穿刺活检诊断困难,需充分了解病史,结合组织病理学和免疫表型,排除肺原发肿瘤后可确诊。     

子宫颈原发性子宫内膜间质肉瘤1例

患者，46岁，因阴道出血淋漓不尽1个月就诊。门诊妇检见宫颈肥大，宽度达6cm，上唇重度糜烂，宫颈口有凝血块及组织物堵塞，活检提示为低度恶性肿瘤。B超提示：宫颈区8．0cm×6．2cm稍低回声光团，边界欠清晰，形态不规则，内部见数个大小不等液性暗区，双侧附件区未见明显异常，肝、胆、脾、双肾等未见异常。经抗感染、止血治疗后于连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉下行次广泛性子宫切除术、[第一段]     

子宫内膜间质肉瘤55例临床病理特点和预后分析

目的 了解子宫内膜间质肉瘤(ESS)的病理形态特征并分析影响预后的相关指标.方法 收集该院55例ESS患者的临床和病理资料,所有病例重新阅片,参照文献分类为低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LGESS)、不伴核多形的未分化子宫内膜肉瘤(UES-U)、伴有核多形的未分化子宫内膜肉瘤(UES-P);同时观察肿瘤细胞的形态特点,包括纤维样、肌样、黏液样、上皮样分化,并计数核分裂象等.对所有病例进行临床资料的收集并随访.结果 LGESS、UES-U、UES-P型病例分别为39、9、7例.病理形态上,ESS有多种形态分化并存的特点,LGESS、UES-U及UES-P型病例中分别有12.8%(5/39)、5/9及5/7伴有两种以上混合的形态学分化;同一病例的不同区域核分裂象计数和组织学类型亦存在较大差异.临床上肿瘤复发比例分别为51.6%(16/31)、5/6、2/3;LGESS无死亡病例,UES-U和UES-P中各有2例死亡,且UES-U的死亡病例均有局灶UES-P区域.按核分裂象最高计数进行预后分析,≥10/10 HPF的病例复发率显著高于＜10/10 HPF的复发率(P=0.009),在LGESS病例中亦存在这种统计学差异,所有死亡病例的核分裂象最高计数均＞30/10 HPF.结论 ESS常见不同程度分化重叠及多向分化的特点,尤以UES-U和UES-P中更为常见,因此应充分取材以寻找诊断线索.肿瘤中伴有UES-P图像,同时伴核分裂象计数高度活跃可能会增加死亡风险.在LGESS病例中,核分裂象最高计数≥10/10 HPF的肿瘤复发率显著增高,在诊断时应引起重视.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features and the prognostic factors of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). Methods 55 cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma were reviewed and categorized into 3 pathologic types based on the related literatures, i.e. , low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS), undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma with nuclear uniformity (UES-U) and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma with nuclear pleomorphism (UES-P). Meanwhile, the pathologic features were reviewed, including fibroid, myoid, mucoid, and epithelioid differentiation and mitotic index.Clinical and follow-up data were collected. Results In endometrial stromal sarcoma, two or three pathologic types co-existed in one case, including 12. 8% (5/39) of LGESS, 5/9 of UES-U, and 5/7 of UES-P.Mitotic index varied in different regions of one tumor from rare to high. Multi-differentiation was also commonly seen in ESS. The numbers of cases in LGESS, UES-U and UES-P were 39, 9 and 7, with recurrence rate of 51.6% ( 16/31 ), 5/6 and 2/3, respectively. There was no death case in LGESS, and 2 cases were died in UES-U and UES-P, respectively. In the 2 death cases of UES-U, both had focus of UES-P. There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate between cases with different mitotic index ( ≥ 10/10 HPF and ＜ 10/10 HPF, P = 0. 009), especially in LGESS group. All death cases had high mitotic index ( ＞ 30/10 HPF). Conclusions It is a common phenomenon in ESS that two or three pathologic types may exist in one case, especially in UES-U and UES-P. And multi-differentiation is also commonly seen in ESS. So adequate pathologic sampling is important for pathologists to make a correct diagnosis of ESS in daily work. The recurrence rates are significantly higher in cases with high mitotic index,especially in LGESS. In addition, the presence of UES-P and high mitotic index may increase the risk of death in the patients.     

New developments in endometrial stromal sarcoma

Endometrial stromal tumours have been recently reclassified in the WHO 2014 Classification due to the discovery of new genetic fusions. This has enabled the subdivision of previously described undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas into the molecularly-defined high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG ESS) and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS). In this review, we discuss the discoveries behind the 2014 Classification and its rationale, and give practical tips for diagnosis of these neoplasms, as well as discussing the differential diagnoses that one may consider.     

Myxoid endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus

A rare case of a myxoid type of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus in a 41-year-old woman is reported. A tumor was found in the myometrium and was well circumscribed, measuring 9 x 7 x 7 cm in size. The tumor was mainly composed of a hypocellular area with tumor cells separated by prominent myxoid stroma. The tumor cells were spindle-shaped and resembled endometrial stromal cells. Numerous small thin-walled vessels were seen throughout the tumor. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely stained for estrogen and progesterone receptors and CD10, and focally and weakly for HHF35, alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin, but not stained for h-caldesmon. These results indicated that the tumor originated from endometrial stromal cells. The tumor had an increased mitotic activity (MIB-1 labeling index: 1-10%), and focally showed nuclear pleomorphism. Thus, this tumor had a malignant potential and was diagnosed as a myxoid type of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. The patient is currently well with no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis 21 months after the operation. This case indicates a wide morphological spectrum of endometrial stromal tumor. A myxoid endometrial stromal sarcoma should be considered in the different diagnosis of the intramural myxoid tumors in the uterus.     

Pulmonary metastases of uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma: diffuse micronodular and ground glass opacities: a case report

Pulmonary metastases of uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) are uncommon. The patterns of uterine ESS metastasis to the lung are multiple pulmonary nodules, single nodule, or cystic lesions. Pulmonary intraalveolar micronodular metastases of uterine ESS are unusual and have not been reported. We experienced a case of metastatic uterine ESS presenting as pulmonary diffuse micronodules with ground glass opacities on chest computed tomography of a 37-yr-old woman who previously underwent hysterectomy due to low grade ESS of the uterus four years ago. The histologic findings of video assisted thoracotomy biopsy showed numerous intraalveolar polypoid micronodules protruding from the alveolar septums. All tumor nodules were composed of short spindle cells arranged in ill-defined whorls, and nuclear feature and sparse cytoplasm were seen in uterine ESS. Immunohistochemically, these cells showed strong nuclear staining for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for CD10.     

Hepatic endometrial stromal sarcoma

Endometrial stromal sarcomas are rare tumors that may recur or metastasize many years after their initial presentation. Though most recurrences are within the pelvis, distant metastases can occur, and are most common to the lungs. Metastases to the liver are extremely rare. Herein we report two cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma with metastases to the liver without a prior history of endometriosis, accompanied by their histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis in the context of a relevant literature review.     

Cystic pulmonary metastases of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus, mimicking lymphangiomyomatosis: A case report with immunohistochemistry of HMB45

A case of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) showed cystic pulmonary metastases mimicking lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM). A 58-year-old female, who had undergone total hysterectomy for low-grade ESS 16 years previously, had repeated bouts of pneumothorax. Multiple then-walled cysts in the perlpheral lung were revealed by radiological examinations. In an open-lung blopsy specimen, cystlc lesions were surrounded by layers of spindle-shaped cells of varying thickness that resembled LAM. However, In addltion to subtle histological differences from LAM, HMB45 (antimelanoma antibody) showed positive In LAM (n=3), but was negative in ESS (M) and the cystlc leslons of this case. Using myogenic markers (desmin and α-smooth muscle actin), metastatlc ESS could be immunohistochemically differentiated from mesenchymal cystlc hamartoma (n=1). HMB45 Immunohistochemistry is useful in the differential diagnosis of cystic puimonary lesions.     

High grade endometrial stromal sarcoma on thinprep

High grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HGESS) is an uncommon malignancy recently re‐defined in the new WHO classification of endometrial stromal tumors. In this article, we discuss the differential diagnoses of metastatic HGESS in a fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a lymph node and compare the cytomorphology of HGESS in ThinPrep [(TP), Hologic Inc., Boxborough, MA] to conventional smears (CS). The patient had a history of stage I HGESS, status‐post supracervical hysterectomy without regional lymph node metastases. Her post‐operative course was complicated by pelvic fluid collections and enlarging para‐aortic lymph nodes. Diff‐Quik (DQ)‐stained and Papanicolaou (Pap)‐stained smears from a para‐aortic lymph node FNA demonstrated a cellular specimen with monomorphic population of plump to oval cells with scant, wispy cytoplasm in aggregates and as single cells. The nuclei showed fine chromatin and small inconspicuous nucleoli. Compared to the CS, HGESS cells in the TP showed similar cytological features, with the exception that the nuclei were slightly smaller, hyperchromatic, and the chromatin pattern was attenuated. In the absence of prior clinical history, the cytomorphology of metastatic HGESS in a lymph node can be difficult to differentiate from a lymphoma, a variety of metastatic spindle cell tumors or metastatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis and comparison with the primary tumor can be useful in proving the nature of the malignant cells. The cytomorphology of HGESS on TP correlated well in both single cells and aggregates when compared to CS. The differences noted were decreased nuclear size, nuclear hyperchromasia, and slightly attenuated nuclear detail on TP. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:756–762. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤临床病理分析

目的 探讨低度恶性子宫内膜问质肉瘤(LESS)的临床病理学特征、诊断和鉴别诊断。方法 分析17例LESS的临床病理特点,通过网织纤维染色、免疫组化染色和电镜观察来研究其病理学特征。结果 LESS临床上主要表现为阴道不规则流血。HE染色见肿瘤组织成巢团样浸润,肿瘤细胞圆形、卵圆形或梭形。肿瘤内有大量的小血管。网织纤维染色见网状纤维丰富,围绕瘤细胞生长。肿瘤细胞14例CD10阳性,12例ER阳性,13例PR阳性,3例actin阳性,C1934、CDll7、Melan—A肿瘤细胞均阴性。电镜观察见肿瘤细胞胞质内的中间丝呈杂乱无序的排列。结论 LESS易误诊,确诊主要依靠组织病理学和免疫组织化学;病理形态上看似良好的低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤,预后不一定好。     

Poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma with clear cell features

A case of poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma with clear cell features in a 46-year-old female is presented. A 9 x 8 x 6 cm, transmural, white solid tumor in the uterine fundic wall was characterized histologically by infiltrative growth and a solid arrangement of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm. The tumor showed vascular invasion, moderate to severe cellular atypia, mitotic activity of 20 per 10 high-power fields and necrosis. It was immunohistochemically positive for vimentin and negative for CAM5.2, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, muscle actin, estrogen and progesterone receptors. Electron microscopy showed that the clear cytoplasm was attributed to the presence of numerous dilated mitochondria and lipid droplets. Flow cytometry showed a diploid phenotype. Pathologists should be aware of the existence of this type of endometrial sarcoma with clear cells and should not confuse it with other neoplasma showing clear cell features.