常见革兰阴性杆菌AmpC酶的检测分析

目的了解常见革兰阴性杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞AmpCs发生率及表型构成,以及产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌AmpC酶的发生率及表型构成。方法采用底物协同-拮抗法(MSSAT)检测大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌产AmpCs情况及表型构成。结果产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌AmpC酶检出率分别40%、56%、100%、100%、100%。结论产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌同时存在AmpC酶的机制,应引起临床和实验室工作者的重视。AmpC酶的耐药表型与菌株的耐药程度相关。     

磷霉素对肠杆菌科细菌的抗菌作用研究

目的评价磷霉素对肠杆菌科细菌的抗菌作用。方法收集3家医院2012年1月到2014年6月非重复分离的150株肠杆菌科细菌,包括大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和粘质沙雷菌各50株,其中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和粘质沙雷菌各包括25株碳青霉烯敏感株和25株碳青霉烯耐药株,用琼脂稀释法测定磷霉素药敏。结果150株肠杆菌科细菌对磷霉素的耐药率为25.3%,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粘质沙雷菌对磷霉素的耐药率分别为2.0%、48.0%、26.0%;大肠埃希菌中碳青霉烯敏感株与碳青霉烯耐药株磷霉素耐药率分别为4.0%和0%,肺炎克雷伯菌中碳青霉烯敏感株与碳青霉烯耐药株磷霉素耐药率分别为0%和56.0%,粘质沙雷菌中碳青霉烯敏感株与碳青霉烯耐药株磷霉素耐药率分别为20.0%和24.0%。结论磷霉素对肠杆菌科细菌体外有较好的抗菌活性。     

临床分离株中革兰阴性杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌的分布

目的 了解临床分离的革兰阴性杆菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的分布及耐药性. 方法 对临床分离的革兰阴性杆菌,采用CLSI标准检测产ESBLs菌株. 结果 120株革兰阴性杆菌分离出38株产ESBLs菌,阳性率32%,包括大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属、阴沟肠杆菌、弗劳地枸椽酸杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌.其中,第一位是大肠埃希菌 (53.8%, 21 /38),其次产酸克雷伯菌(35.3,6/17)、肺炎克雷伯菌(33.3%,7/20);药敏结果显示除对碳青酶烯类抗生素敏感外,ESBLs阳性株对多种抗生素的耐药率均较高,且明显高于ESBLs阴性株. 结论 本院产ESBLs菌分离率较高,主要以大肠埃希菌、产酸克雷伯菌、肺炎克雷伯菌为主.     

医院革兰阴性菌感染情况及耐药性分析

目的:为了解我院革兰阴性感染情况及其耐药性特点,提高临床抗感染治疗效果。方法:按《全国临床检验操作规程》将2005年1月至2007年9月894份临床标本分离,阳性标本463份,其中244株革兰阴性菌通过美国BD公司生产的phoenixTM-100全自动细菌鉴定/药敏系统进行鉴定及药敏分析、统计处理。结果:大肠埃希菌铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌是我院分率最的4种革兰阴性菌。亚胺培南、阿米卡星对4种革兰阴性杆菌耐药率低,4种菌尤其是铜绿假单胞和阴沟肠杆菌已对临床常用的多种抗生素产生了很高的耐药性。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs检出率分别为27.6%和35.7%。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率明显高于不产ES-BLs菌株。结论:我院G-菌耐药性的问题已日益严重,临床应重视细菌耐药性的监测,合理使用抗生素,遏制细菌耐药性的发展。     

儿童社区获得性肺炎多重耐药菌分布及耐药性分析

目的：探讨儿童社区获得性肺炎多重耐药菌分布及耐药性,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法回顾性分析58例0～5岁社区获得性肺炎患儿多重耐药菌的分布及耐药情况。结果58例患儿共检出病原菌63株,革兰阴性菌及革兰阳性菌分别占57．14％和42．86％,主要病原菌为产超广谱β－内酰胺酶（ESBL）大肠埃希菌、产 ESBL 阴沟肠杆菌、产 ESBL 肺炎克雷伯菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌;多重耐药菌对抗菌药物耐药较为普遍,产 ESBL 革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南耐药率较低,耐甲氧西林的革兰阳性菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素耐药率较低。结论0～5岁儿童社区获得性肺炎多重耐药菌感染以产 ESBL 大肠埃希菌、产 ESBL 阴沟肠杆菌、产 ESBL 肺炎克雷伯菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主,对抗菌药物普遍存在耐药性。     

医院革兰阴性菌感染情况及耐药性分析

目的：为了解我院革兰阴性感染情况及其耐药性特点，提高临床抗感染治疗效果。方法：按《全国临床检验操作规程》将2005年1月至2007年9月894份临床标本分离，阳性标本463份，其中244株革兰阴性菌通过美国BD公司生产的phoenix TM-100全自动细菌鉴定／药敏系统进行鉴定及药敏分析、统计处理。结果：大肠埃希菌铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌是我院分率最的4种革兰阴性菌。亚胺培南、阿米卡星对4种革兰阴性杆菌耐药率低，4种菌尤其是铜绿假单胞和阴沟肠杆菌已对临床常用的多种抗生素产生了很高的耐药性。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs检出率分别为27．6％和35．7％。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率明显高于不产ESBLs菌株。结论：我院G-菌耐药性的问题已日益严重，临床应重视细菌耐药性的监测，合理使用抗生素，遏制细菌耐药性的发展。     

2O3株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌的检测及耐药性

目的:了解革兰氏阴性杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的情况及耐药性,以利于对产ESBLs菌株的治疗.方法:采用NCCLS推荐的确认法.结果:727株革兰阴杆性菌中,共检出产ESBLs菌203株,检出率为27.9%,其中大肠埃希菌87株、克雷伯杆菌72株、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌17株、费劳地枸橼酸菌11株、阴沟肠杆菌5株、鼠伤寒沙门菌4株、产气肠杆菌2株、铜绿假单胞菌2株、亲水气单胞菌2株、聚团肠杆菌1株;亚胺培南除对1株产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和17株产ESBLs嗜麦芽窄食菌耐药外,对其他产ESBLs菌均表现出最强的抗菌作用;头孢哌酮/舒巴坦对产ESBLs嗜麦芽窄食菌、大肠埃希菌及费劳地拘橼酸菌有较好的抗菌作用;丁胺卡那霉素对产ESBLs大肠埃希菌呈现较好的抗菌作用.结论:我院革兰阴性菌产ESBLs情况严重,而且已经分离出对亚胺培南耐药的ESBLs大肠埃希菌,临床医生应尽量在确立了病原学诊断后参考细菌药敏报告用药,以减少耐药菌株的产生.     

203株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌的检测及耐药性

目的 :了解革兰氏阴性杆菌产超广谱β 内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)的情况及耐药性 ,以利于对产ESBLs菌株的治疗。方法 :采用NCCLS推荐的确认法。结果 :72 7株革兰阴杆性菌中 ,共检出产ESBLs菌 2 0 3株 ,检出率为 2 7.9% ,其中大肠埃希菌 87株、克雷伯杆菌 72株、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌 17株、费劳地枸橼酸菌 11株、阴沟肠杆菌 5株、鼠伤寒沙门菌 4株、产气肠杆菌 2株、铜绿假单胞菌 2株、亲水气单胞菌 2株、聚团肠杆菌 1株 ;亚胺培南除对 1株产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和 17株产ESBLs嗜麦芽窄食菌耐药外 ,对其他产ESBLs菌均表现出最强的抗菌作用 ;头孢哌酮 /舒巴坦对产ES BLs嗜麦芽窄食菌、大肠埃希菌及费劳地拘橼酸菌有较好的抗菌作用 ;丁胺卡那霉素对产ESBLs大肠埃希菌呈现较好的抗菌作用。结论 :我院革兰阴性菌产ESBLs情况严重 ,而且已经分离出对亚胺培南耐药的ESBLs大肠埃希菌 ,临床医生应尽量在确立了病原学诊断后参考细菌药敏报告用药 ,以减少耐药菌株的产生。     

革兰阴性菌对头孢替坦的耐药性分析

目的了解临床分离革兰阴性菌对头孢替坦的耐药性。方法收集2012年1月至2013年6月从医院各种临床标本中分离的革兰阴性菌,使用VITEK2-compact微生物全自动分析仪进行鉴定和药敏试验,对结果进行回顾性调查。结果分离出革兰阴性菌1 045株,其中肠杆菌科细菌627株,占60.0%;非发酵菌402株,占38.5%。分离前3位的细菌分别为大肠埃希菌(27.7%)、铜绿假单胞菌(20.2%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(14.5%)。肠杆菌科细菌对头孢替坦耐药率低,53.3%的大肠埃希菌和29.6%的肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)、产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢替坦耐药率均低于6.0%。非发酵菌中铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢替坦的耐药率均高于90.0%。结论头孢替坦可以作为临床治疗产ESBLs细菌感染性疾病的一种经验性治疗方案。     

康复期患者继发性尿路感染的病原菌分布及其耐药性

目的尿路感染是康复期患者最常见的继发性疾病,分析康复科继发性尿路感染主要病原菌及其耐药特点,指导临床合理用药。方法回顾分析2009年3月—2012年6月浙江省人民医院康复科住院469例继发尿路感染患者尿标本检出病原菌的分布及其药敏试验资料,并对主要革兰阴性菌进行ESBLs检测并进行统计学分析。结果尿标本分离出536株病原菌,革兰阴性菌59.9%(321/536),革兰阳性菌32.7%(175/536),真菌7.5%(40/536)。革兰阴性菌主要为大肠埃希氏菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌,所有大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南均敏感,对3种酶抑制剂复合抗菌药物相对敏感,耐药率低于33.8%。ESBLs检出率分别为35.1%(74/211)和25.0%(12/48),产ESBLs大肠埃希氏菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌对多数抗菌药物耐药率高于不产ESBLs株(4.9≤χ2≤43.3,P<0.05);革兰阳性菌主要为肠球属和葡萄球菌属。结论大肠埃希氏菌是尿路感染的主要病原菌,高度耐药且呈多药耐药,且是最常见产ESBLs菌株,产ESBLs菌株耐药性更严重。临床治疗应尽量根据药敏试验调整抗菌药物。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.