Catalytic activities of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein in mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells

Depending on the source of cells, the cell cycle status of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells capable of repopulating the marrow of transplant recipients is controversial. In this study, using biochemical methods, the cell cycle status of mobilized CD34+ cells was analyzed. It was demonstrated in CD34+ cell extracts that there was high catalytic activity of G(1) cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) but low activity of CDK2. This was in contrast to the resting reference cells that showed only minimal or no activity of these CDKs. Since at the G0-->G1-->S transition CDK4/6 and CDK2 sequentially phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein (pRB), its phosphorylation status was analyzed. Previously, we showed that p110RB was unphosphorylated at serine (Ser)-608 in CD34+ cells, consistent with the ability to suppress cell growth. Here, it was established that this form of pRB was phosphorylated at Ser-780, Ser-795, and Ser-807/811 in CD34+ but not in resting reference cells. This result was therefore consistent with the presence of high CDK4/6 activities in CD34+ cells. Conversely, CDK2 activity was low and the pRB residues Ser-612 and threonine (Thr)-821, which are exclusively phosphorylated by CDK2 in conjunction with either cyclin E or A, were unphosphorylated in >90% of CD34+ cells. We therefore show for the first time the exact position of mobilized CD34+ cells within the cell cycle; that is, they do not reside in G0 but in early G1 phase and did not cross the restriction point into late G1 phase.     

尾叶香茶菜二萜类化合物B对小鼠前列腺癌细胞细胞周期的影响及其机制

目的：观察尾叶香茶菜二萜类化合物B(DB)对小鼠前列腺癌细胞株RM-1细胞周期的影响并分析其机制。方法：MTT法观察不同时间、不同剂量的DB对RM-1 细胞增殖率的影响；相差显微镜观察对RM-1细胞形态影响；流式细胞术分析细胞周期变化；RT-PCR和Western blotting分别观察DB作用后RM-1细胞p53、GRIM-19、STAT3 和细胞周期相关因子CHK1、CDK2 mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果：（1）MTT结果：DB可抑制RM-1 细胞的增殖，呈时间、剂量依赖性；（2）形态学观察和流式细胞术检测：经DB处理后的RM-1细胞出现生长抑制，细胞主要阻滞在G1期；（3）RT-PCR结果： DB (2 mg/L,4 mg/L,8 mg/L) 分别作用RM-1细胞12 h、24 h、48 h后，p53、CHK1、GRIM-19 mRNA的含量明显高于对照组，CDK2、STAT3 mRNA的含量明显低于对照组（P<0.05）；（4）Western blotting 结果：DB (2 mg/L,4 mg/L,8 mg/L) 分别作用RM-1细胞12 h、24 h、48 h后，P53、GRIM-19 蛋白表达水平高于对照组，而CDK2蛋白表达水平则低于对照组。结论：DB可抑制RM-1细胞增殖，其机制可能是与细胞周期相关基因p53的上调，CDK2表达下降有关，影响了G1期进入S期，同时GRIM-19-STAT3-CDK2途径可能也参与G1期阻滞的过程。     

Glucocorticoids inhibit lung cancer cell growth through both the extracellular signal-related kinase pathway and cell cycle regulators

Glucocorticoids inhibit the proliferation of various cell types, but the mechanism of this inhibition remains unclear. We investigated the effect of dexamethasone on non-small cell lung cancer cell growth and cell cycle progression. We showed that dexamethasone suppresses the proliferation of A549 and Calu-1 cells, with accumulation of cells in G1/G0 stage of the cell cycle, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Western blot analysis confirmed that this is associated with hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Using Western blot analysis and in vitro kinase assays, we found that dexamethasone results in decreased activity of CDK2 and 4, decreased levels of cyclin D, E2F, and Myc, and increased levels of the CDK inhibitor p21(Cip1). In addition, we found that dexamethasone decreases activity of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The kinetics of all these changes indicate that inhibition of the ERK/MAPK pathway precedes the cell cycle effects, suggesting that regulation of this MAPK-signaling pathway may be an alternative mechanism for glucocorticoid-induced cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition.     

Simvastatin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in hepatic cancer cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of major health concerns worldwide and one of leading causes of cancer death after lung and gastric cancers. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug which inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. Simvastatin exhibits numerous pleiotropic effects including anti-cancer activity. Yet, the anticancer effects in HCC remain poorly characterized. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of simvastatin on tumor cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle. HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines were treated with simvastatin (32 and 64 μM) for different time periods. Tumor cell growth was assessed using MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were also evaluated. Analysis of cell cycle proteins involved in simvastatin-induced manipulation was performed by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Simvastatin induced a reduction of tumor cell growth. In both cell lines, simvastatin induced apoptosis and impaired cell cycle progression as depicted by the greater rates of G0/G1-phase cells than the rates of S-phase cells. Protein expression levels of cell cycle regulating proteins CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, cyclin E, p19 and p27 were markedly altered by simvastatin. Moreover, CDC2, CCND1 and CDCN2D mRNA expressions were also altered by drug treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that simvastatin induces apoptosis in tumor cells and its anti-proliferative activity was accompanied by inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins, whereas CDK inhibitors p19 and p27 were enhanced. These results may provide novel insights into simvastatin tumor-suppressive action.     

Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection imposes a G(1)/S block in asynchronously growing cells and prevents G(1) entry in quiescent cells

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection disrupted cell cycle regulation in at least two ways. First, infection of quiescent human embryonic lung cells simultaneously with readdition of serum caused inhibition of cyclin D/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4,6-specific and cyclin E/CDK2-specific phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein pRb. The inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4,6 kinase activity corresponded to a loss of cyclin D1 protein and a failure of CDK4 and CDK6 to translocate to the nucleus. Failure to detect cyclin E/CDK2 kinase activity was accompanied by a loss of cyclin E protein and a failure of CDK2 to translocate to the nucleus. Levels of pocket protein p130 persisted, whereas p107 did not accumulate. As a result of these effects on cyclin kinase, G(0)-infected cells failed to reenter the cell cycle. The second type of HSV-induced cell cycle dysregulation was observed in asynchronously dividing cell cultures. A rapid inhibition of preexisting cyclin E/CDK2 and cyclin A/CDK2 activities was observed in human embryonic lung cells, as well as two other human cell lines: C33 and U2OS. HSV-1 immediate-early gene expression was necessary for the inhibition of CDK2 kinase activity. Cyclin and CDK subunit protein levels, intracellular localization, and complex stability were unaffected by infection. In addition, levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p27 and p21, were not affected by HSV-1. Previous experiments demonstrated that in asynchronous infected cells, hypophosphorylated pRb and pocket protein-E2F complexes accumulated, and cellular DNA synthesis was rapidly inhibited. Coupled with the present results, this indicates that HSV-1 has evolved mechanisms for preventing cells in G(1) from proceeding through the restriction point and for cells in S from completing a round of DNA replication.     

Evidence for CRK3 participation in the cell division cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma cruzi CRK3 gene encodes a Cdc2p related protein kinase (CRK). To establish if it has a role in the regulation of the parasite cell cycle we studied CRK3 expression and activity throughout three life cycle stages. CRK3 from epimastigote soluble extracts interacted with p13(suc1)-beads. Endogenous CRK3 phosphorylated histone H1 and this activity was inhibited by specific CDK inhibitors: Olomoucine, Flavopiridol and Roscovitine. Flavopiridol partially inhibited the growth of T. cruzi epimastigotes at 50 nM, the lowest concentration used, but even with the highest (5 microM), cell growth was not completely arrested. CRK3 from Flavopiridol-inhibited epimastigote extracts exhibited a dose dependent inhibition of histone H1 phosphorylation. T. cruzi p13(suc1)-binding CRK displayed the same inhibition profile. This suggests that CRK3 is the enzyme responsible for the majority of the kinase activity associated with p13(suc1). CRK3 activity of hydroxyurea (HU) synchronized epimastigotes peaked in G2/M boundary while the kinase activity associated to p13(suc1)-beads increased at the same time point but remained high until late G2/M. In addition, CRK3 expression was constant during the cell cycle. This is a common pattern of CDK activity regulation. Taken together, these results support the idea that CRK3 is involved in control of the cell cycle in T. cruzi.     

Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells

Objective: To investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of normal human gastric mucosal cells and gastric cancer cells.Methods: Poorly differentiated gastric cancer BGC823 cells, moderately differentiated gastric cancer cells and normal human gastric mucosal epithelial GES-1 cells were independently treated with recombinant human BMP-2 or its inhibitor Noggin. MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferation, flow cytometry done to measure the cell cycle and apoptosis and immunohistochemistry carried out to determine the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4).Results: BMP-2 exerted inhibitory effect on the growth of all types of cells and the inhibition become more evident with the increase of BMP-2 dose. After treatment with 200 ng/ml BMP-2, cancer cells arrested in G1 phase and those in S phase reduced. Gastric cancer cells had higher CDK4 expression than GES-1 cells. BMP-2 decreased CDK-4 expression in cancer cells but had no influence in GES-1 cells. Noggin conferred promotive effect on the growth of 3 types of cells. In 2 types of cancer cells, treatment with 2000 ng/ml Noggin significantly increased the proportion of cells in S phase but reduced that in G1 phase. However, Noggin did not affect the cell cycle of GES-1 cells. The CDK4 expression was markedly increased in 2 types of cancer cells but that of GES-1 remained unchanged after treatment with 2000 ng/ml Noggin.Conclusions: BMP-2 may inhibit the proliferation of both normal and malignant gastric epithelial cells, down-regulate CDK4 expression in gastric cancer cells and arrest gastric cancer cells in G1-phase in cell cycle. Through antagonizing BMP-2, Noggin, may accelerate the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Thus, the abnormality of BMP signaling pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.     

反义表皮生长因子受体cDNA转染抑制胶质母细胞瘤生长的机制研究

目的 探讨反义表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)cDNA转染抑制胶质母细胞瘤细胞株U87MG生长的机制。方法 反义EGFR cDNA转染胶质母细胞瘤细胞株U87MG后,筛选出低表达EGFR的细胞株;通过观察肿瘤细胞的形态和Western蛋白印迹免疫化学方法检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达,来研究反义,EGFR cDNA转染对胶质母细胞瘤分化的影响;通过流式细胞仪进行细胞周期分析及免疫组织化学方法检测细胞周期调控蛋白p53、Rb、p16和CDK4等,以研究反义EGFR cDNA转染对细胞周期的影响及机制;用telomeric repeat amplification protocol(TRAP分析)检测肿瘤细胞的端粒酶活性。结果 反义EGFR cDNA转染胶质母细胞瘤U87MG后,肿瘤细胞的突起延长,细胞的GFAP表达增高;肿瘤细胞的G0／G1期细胞百分率明显增高,而S期细胞百分率明显减少;肿瘤细胞的野生型,p53蛋白表达明显增高,而Rb、p16和CDK4等的蛋白表达水平未发生明显改变;肿瘤细胞的端粒酶活性明显降低。结论 反义EGFR cDNA转染可以通过诱导胶质母细胞瘤细胞分化、诱导野生型p53的表达、G1细胞周期阻滞及抑制端粒酶活性等机制而抑制肿瘤细胞生长,而且这些作用机制之间是相互作用、相互协调而共同发挥抑制肿瘤细胞生长作用的。     

抑制cyclinD1表达对乳腺癌细胞增殖及cyclinE、CDK2和p21cip1转录的影响

目的　分析探讨人乳腺癌细胞中 cyclin D1的表达受到反义 RNA抑制后 ,细胞增殖能力的变化以及cyclin E,CDK2和 p2 1cip1 (cip1/ waf1/ sdi1)基因表达受到的影响。　方法　将表达 cyclin D1反义 RNA的重组质粒转入人乳腺癌细胞 ,由此抑制细胞中 cyclin D1的表达 ,然后分析细胞生长速率和各时相细胞分布比例的变化 ,并通过Northern blot分析有关基因的表达水平。　结果　 cyclin D1表达受到抑制的细胞与对照相比 ,细胞增殖速率明显下降 ,培养至第 6 d时 ,生长抑制率为 5 4%。细胞周期各时相的分布比例也有较大的变化 ,G1期细胞比例上升 ,而 S期及 G2 / M期细胞比例下降。cyclin E和 CDK2的 m RNA水平显示出有不同程度的下降 ,而 p2 1cip1的表达无明显变化。　结论　 cyclin D1表达的抑制可明显减弱人乳腺癌细胞的异常增殖 ,同时表明同为细胞周期调控基因的 cyclin E和CDK2的表达与 cyclin D1的表达密切相关 ,而 p2 1cip1的表达不受 cyclin D1的影响     

紫草素对卵巢癌细胞SKOV3/DDP顺铂耐药的逆转作用

目的:探讨紫草素是否逆转卵巢癌细胞SKOV3/DDP的顺铂耐药效应及其作用机制。方法:采用CCK-8法确定紫草素和顺铂的最佳作用条件,流式细胞术检测细胞的周期分布及凋亡率;Western blot检测周期及凋亡相关调控因子细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、周期蛋白依赖性激酶2(CDK2)、P18、p-Rb、Bcl-2、Bax和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白水平。结果:CCK-8实验结果显示,相较于单用顺铂,联合使用紫草素对顺铂耐药卵巢癌细胞SKOV3/DDP的生长抑制作用较为显著。此外,联用紫草素和顺铂可显著抑制细胞周期G_1/S转化,并增加细胞早期凋亡率。Western blot结果显示,相较于顺铂处理组,紫草素和顺铂联用组的cyclin D1、CDK2、p-Rb及Bcl-2的蛋白水平显著降低,而P18、Bax及cleaved caspase-3的蛋白表达显著增加。结论:紫草素可逆转卵巢癌SKOV3/DDP细胞的顺铂耐药效应,其作用机制可能与影响细胞周期及凋亡相关因子的表达,进而抑制细胞活力促进细胞凋亡相关。     

沉默ClC-3氯通道基因对HeLa细胞周期分布的影响

目的:探讨沉默HeLa细胞的ClC-3氯通道基因后细胞周期分布的变化及其作用机制。方法:依照siRNA设计原则构建沉默ClC-3基因的ClC-3 siRNA并转染HeLa细胞;实验分为空白对照组(control组)、转染试剂对照组(Lipo组)、阴性对照组(negative siRNA组)和ClC-3 siRNA组。采用real-time PCR检测ClC-3 siRNA的沉默效率;流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布情况;Western blot检测ClC-3蛋白及相关细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)D1、细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶(cyclin-dependent kinase,CDK)4、CDK6、P21和P27等表达。结果:CIC-3 siRNA成功沉默HeLa细胞的ClC-3基因。和其它组相比,ClC-3 siRNA组的细胞周期被阻抑在G_0/G_1期。CIC-3 siRNA组的cyclin D1、CDK4和CDK6蛋白表达水平明显下降,P21和P27蛋白表达水平明显上升。结论:沉默HeLa细胞ClC-3氯通道基因可影响cyclin D1、CDK4、CDK6、P21和27蛋白的表达水平胆抑HeLa细胞周期停滞在G_0/G_1期。     

Role of IL-7 and KL in activating molecules controlling the G1/S transition of B precursor cells

While chemically defined conditions for culturing normal tissuehave been attained for only a few cell types, the sustainedproliferation of B precursor cells expressing lL-7 receptorand c-Kit can be supported under chemically defined conditionscontaining recombinant IL-7 and the ligand for c-Kit (KL). Tounderstand the biochemical basis of the cell cycle progressionof B precursor cells proliferating under these conditions, weinvestigated the correlation between growth factor stimulationand CDK4 activity. Consistent with our findings that IL-7 regulatesthe G transition, while KL has only a little role in this process,the kinase activity of CDK4 was related closely with IL-7 stimulationbut not KL stimulation. We investigated the mechanism underlyingCDK4 activation in the IL-7-stimulated B precursor cells. Ourresults showed that (i) CDK4 and cyclin D3 are the G₁/S regulatorsin B precursor cells; (ii) their expression levels are unchangedbetween the cells in G arrest and cycling cells; and (iii) theyare present in an associated form even when the cell cycle stageis arrested at G ¹ Thus, the regulation of the expression ofCDK4 and cyctin D3 or regulation of their assembly are not themechanisms for activating CDK4 in the B precursor cells. Onthe other hand, a number of molecules co-immunoprecipitatedwith CDK4 were enhanced in the lysate of IL-7-stimulated B precursorcells. Thus, we present a possibilIty that CDK4 activation mightbe regulated by molecules associated with the CDK4-cyclin 03complex in an IL-7-dependent manner.     

IFN-gamma induction of p21(WAF1) is required for cell cycle inhibition and suppression of apoptosis.

Interferons (IFN) inhibit the growth of tumor cells by blocking the progression of their cell cycle. Recently, we showed that this cell cycle inhibition correlates with the ability of IFN to upregulate the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1). This, however, is not proof of a causal relationship. Using p21(WAF1)-deficient cells derived from the HCT116 colon adenocarcinoma cell line, we now show that p21(WAF1) is indeed responsible for the antiproliferative effects of the type II IFN, IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma upregulated p21(WAF1) expression in a p53-independent manner, decreased cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity, and inhibited entry into the S phase of the cell cycle in p21+/+ but not in p21-/- HCT116 cells. We additionally found that the lack of p21(WAF1) expression resulted in an increase in the ability of IFN-gamma to induce apoptosis, as reflected by an earlier induction of DNA fragmentation and caspase 3 activity in p21-/- cell. Our results indicate that p21(WAF1) expression is necessary for IFN-gamma-mediated cell cycle inhibition and suppression of IFN-gamma-induced apoptosis.     

ClC-3氯通道在二甲双胍抑制鼻咽癌细胞周期进程中的作用

目的:探讨ClC-3氯通道在二甲双胍抑制鼻咽癌细胞周期进程中的作用。方法:采用不同浓度二甲双胍处理低分化鼻咽癌细胞CNE-2Z,CCK-8法检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布,Western blot法检测ClC-3氯通道蛋白表达,全细胞膜片钳技术检测细胞氯电流。构建高表达ClC-3氯通道蛋白的质粒pEZ-M03-ClC-3转染CNE-2Z细胞,流式细胞术检测ClC-3氯通道对细胞周期分布的影响。结果:5、10和20 mmol/L浓度的二甲双胍均可有效抑制CNE-2Z细胞的活力。10 mmol/L二甲双胍可阻抑CNE-2Z细胞周期于G0/G1期,并抑制CNE-2Z细胞氯电流及ClC-3氯离子通道蛋白的表达。ClC-3氯通道蛋白高表达可逆转二甲双胍对CNE-2Z细胞周期分布的影响。结论:二甲双胍抑制鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞周期进程可能与抑制ClC-3氯通道功能和蛋白表达有关。     

G1 phase cell cycle arrest induced by SARS-CoV 3a protein via the cyclin D3/pRb pathway

SARS-CoV 3a is a structural protein, mainly localizing to Golgi apparatus and co-localizing with SARS-CoV M in co-transfected cells. Here we observed that transient expression of 3a inhibited cell growth and prevented 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, suggesting that 3a deregulated cell cycle progression. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that 3a expression was associated with blockage of cell cycle progression at G1 phase in HEK 293, COS-7, and Vero cells 24-60 h after transfection. Mutation analysis of 3a revealed that C-terminal region (176 aa approximately 274 aa), including a potential calcium ATPase motif, was essential for induction of cell cycle arrest. Topological analysis showed that 3a predominantly located in Golgi apparatus, with its N-terminus residing in the lumen (Nlum) and C-terminus in the cytosol (Ccyt). Analyzing the cellular proteins involving in regulation of cell cycle progression, we demonstrated that 3a expression was correlated with a significant reduction of cyclin D3 level and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein at Ser-795 and Ser-809/811, not with the expression of cyclin D1, D2, cdk4, and cdk6 in 293 cells. Increases in p53 phosphorylation on Ser-15 were observed in both SARS-CoV M and 3a transfected cells, suggesting that it might not correlate with the 3a-induced G0/G1 phase arrest. The reduction of cyclin D3 level and phosphorylation of Rb were further confirmed in SARS-CoV infected Vero cells. These results indicate that SARS-CoV 3a protein, through limiting the expression of cyclin D3, may inhibit Rb phosphorylation, which in turn leads to a block in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and an inhibition of cell proliferation.     

Millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via G1/S cell cycle transition

Millimeter waves, high-frequency electromagnetic waves, can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms in osteoarthritis patients, as a non-pharmaceutical and non-invasive physical therapy regimen. However, the molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of millimeter wave treatment are not well understood. In the present study, the effect of millimeter waves on the G1/S cell cycle progression in chondrocytes and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Chondrocytes isolated from the knee of SD rats were cultured and identified using toluidine blue staining. The second generation chondrocytes were collected and stimulated with or without millimeter waves for 48 h. Chondrocyte viability was analyzed using the MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution of chondrocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) and p21 were detected using real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Millimeter wave stimulation was found to significantly enhance chondrocyte viability. Moreover, the percentage of chondrocytes in the G0/G1 phase was significantly decreased, whereas that in the S phase was significantly increased. In addition, following millimeter wave treatment, cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 expression was significantly upregulated, whereas p21 expression was significantly downregulated. The results indicate that millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via cell cycle progression.     

MicroRNA-483-3p对人神经胶质瘤细胞的作用

目的:探讨microRNA(miRNA)-483-3p对人神经胶质瘤细胞A172生长和迁移能力的影响及潜在作用机制。方法:实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-q PCR)检测人肾胚细胞系HEK-293和不同神经胶质瘤细胞株(A172、U251和SHG44)中miRNA-483-3p的表达水平。转染miRNA-483-3p抑制序列(miRNA-483-3p inhibitor)下调A172细胞中miRNA-483-3p的表达,采用CCK-8法和流式细胞术检测细胞活力和周期分布;Transwell实验检测细胞的迁移;Western blot检测周期相关调控因子及上皮-间充质转化相关蛋白的水平。双萤光素酶报告基因分析法预测及验证其可能的靶基因。结果:miRNA-483-3p在各型神经胶质瘤细胞中高表达。沉默miRNA-483-3p后,A172细胞的活力下降并呈现出明显的周期阻滞,且细胞迁移率也显著降低。同时细胞中cyclin D1、周期蛋白依赖性激酶4、磷酸化视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白、N-cadherin及vimentin的蛋白表达水平均显著降低,E-cadherin和β-catenin的蛋白表达水平显著升高。双萤光素酶报告基因分析显示Smad4是miRNA-483-3p的可能作用靶点,A172细胞共转染miRNA-483-3p inhibitor和Smad4 siRNA可部分逆转miRNA-483-3p介导的细胞增殖及迁移抑制。结论:沉默miRNA-483-3p可通过靶向Smad4抑制神经胶质瘤细胞株A172的生长及迁移。     

Reversible modulation of cell cycle kinetics in NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts by inducible overexpression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase

To study the mechanism(s) by which manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mediates cellular growth inhibition, an inducible retroviral vector system regulated by the lac repressor was used to overexpress MnSOD protein in NIH/3T3 cells. Increased MnSOD activity led to decreased cell growth due to prolonged cell cycle transition times in G(1) and S phases without significant changes in G(2)/M phase. Changes in cell cycle transition time were reversible and tightly correlated with MnSOD levels. A transient increase of reactive oxygen species and concomitant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential were documented following MnSOD induction. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine prevented growth inhibition by MnSOD. Our data suggest that MnSOD may serve a physiological function of regulating cell cycle progression through its prooxidant activity of generating hydrogen peroxide, resulting in coordination of mitochondrial redox state and cellular proliferation.