广东省大学生性知识、性观念、性行为现状及性别差异

目的：分析广东省大学生性知识、性观念、性行为的现状及其性别特征,为加强大学生性教育提供依据。方法采用自编问卷对广东省整群抽样的12所高校928名大学生进行调查。结果性知识：大学生性知识知晓率低,问题回答平均正确率仅为37．34％;性观念：对于性是人的基本需求、有爱就可以有性、性幻想性梦、自慰行为、婚前性行为这些思想与行为方面,大学生的总体认同度为67．35％、35．24％、56．90％、52．26％、58．04％;男女生接受程度差异均达显著水平（χ2＝7．89、48．46、189．30、32．44、27．35,P ＜0．01）;性行为：大学生异性性行为与同性性行为发生率分别为8．08％与1．51％,男生异性性行为发生率远高于女生（χ2＝52．08,P ＜0．01）,同性性行为间性别差异无统计学意义（χ2＝4．82,P ＞0．05）;避孕套使用率低,经常使用的人仅占29．03％,女生的使用率显著低于男生（χ2＝12．08,P ＜0．01）。结论大学生在性行为、性观念、性知识方面存在很多问题,需要进一步的加强和引导,并重视性别差异。     

北京大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为的变化特点及影响因素

目的：探究不同年份大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为及其影响因素的变化情况,为今后开展针对性健康教育提供参考。方法：分别于2006年和2016年在北京市采用分层整群抽样方法选取大学生进行问卷调查,调查人数分别为1 800人和3 001人。调查问卷内容包括人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、艾滋病相关态度、性行为及相关高危行为情况、安全套使用意向、艾滋病健康教育情况。 结果：与2006年相比较,2016年大学生艾滋病知识平均分有所下降 ［(12.78±1.95) vs. (11.90±2.56), t=12.91, P<0.05］,各题知晓率均有所下降。除安全套使用信念外,2016年大学生艾滋病相关态度和自我效能得分均低于2006年。与2006年相比,2016年有过性行为的大学生中,金钱（物品）交易性行为的发生率有所上升［6.53% (16/245) vs. 17.65% (33/187), χ2=13.003, P<0.001］,同性性行为的发生率有所上升［4.13% (10/242) vs. 15.43% (29/188), χ2=16.356, P<0.001］。与2006年相比,2016年接触色情信息的主要途径由书籍变为网络（41.15%）。2016年大学生安全套使用意向的影响因素为男性(OR=0.713)、安全套购买自我效能(OR=0.876)、大学前未接受过性教育(OR=0.752)、安全套使用自我效能(OR=1.135)、安全套使用信念(OR=1.775)以及对艾滋病患者的态度(OR=1.136)。结论：大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为已发生改变,艾滋病健康教育应在当前大学生特点上深入开展,注重培养大学生正确的性观念和性责任,加强大学生自我保护意识。     

Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity,Associated Behaviors,and Weight-related Perceptions in a National Survey of Primary School Children in China

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广州市海珠区中学生性行为现况及相关因素分析

目的了解广州市海珠区中学生性行为状况及其相关因素,为开展性健康教育提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法,应用"青少年健康相关行为调查问卷"对广州市海珠区4 308名中学生进行问卷调查。结果中学生从学校接受青春期知识教育的报告率为66.8%;观看色情信息的报告率为14.3%;特殊意义异性朋友(单独约会过)的自报率为26.1%;边缘性行为的报告率,拥抱为17.5%、接吻为12.2%、抚摸异性身体为8.5%;曾发生性交行为的报告率为3.5%,其中30.9%曾在被迫情况下与他人发生过性行为。性别、年级、父亲文化程度、每月零花钱、观看黄色刊物/音像制品、赞成中学生恋爱、约会过、有边缘性行为、吸烟、饮酒、使用镇静催眠类药物、吸毒史与性行为的发生有直接影响作用(P<0.001)。结论不良性行为已成为影响广州市海珠区中学生健康成长的危险行为之一。社会、家庭、学校应通力合作,采取干预措施,促进青少年健康成长。     

扬州市MSM人群艾滋病高危行为特征?感染状况及影响因素分析

目的:了解江苏省扬州市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)艾滋病高危行为特征?感染情况及其影响因素?方法:采用横断面调查设计,采取分类滚雪球抽样的方法于2008年5月起,对扬州市范围内的MSM人群就艾滋病知识态度?高危行为特征的面对面问卷调查结果,以及血样的人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)及其他性传播疾病(sexually transmitted disease,STD)感染的实验室检测数据进行统计分析?结果:所调查300例MSM中,82.7%最近6个月发生过同性性行为,其中79.4%有多个同性性伴;48.7%曾与异性发生过性行为,其中21.2%有多个异性性伴;最近6个月与同性发生肛交性行为时坚持使用安全套的比例为52.0%,与异性发生性行为时该比例为21.2%?均采集血样进行了血清学检测,确证HIV阳性22例,阳性率为7.3%;确证梅毒抗体阳性66例,阳性率为22.0%;未发现丙型肝炎病毒抗体阳性?在多因素Logistic回归模型中,常通过互联网寻找性伴(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.01~3.67)和最近6个月曾与固定性伴发生性行为(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.25~0.79)与最近6个月同性性行为时安全套坚持使用率的关系有统计学意义;梅毒感染(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.25~7.99)与HIV感染的关系具有统计学意义?结论:扬州市MSM人群无保护性性行为及多性伴现象较为普遍,HIV和梅毒感染率较高,需要进一步加强对该人群的行为干预以防止艾滋病在该人群中的蔓延以及传播至一般人群?     

Dating violence against adolescent girls and associated substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, and suicidality

CONTEXT: Intimate partner violence against women is a major public health concern. Research among adults has shown that younger age is a consistent risk factor for experiencing and perpetrating intimate partner violence. However, no representative epidemiologic studies of lifetime prevalence of dating violence among adolescents have been conducted. OBJECTIVE: To assess lifetime prevalence of physical and sexual violence from dating partners among adolescent girls and associations of these forms of violence with specific health risks. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Female 9th through 12th-grade students who participated in the 1997 and 1999 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n = 1977 and 2186, respectively). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lifetime prevalence rates of physical and sexual dating violence and whether such violence is independently associated with substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, and suicidality. RESULTS: Approximately 1 in 5 female students (20.2% in 1997 and 18.0% in 1999) reported being physically and/or sexually abused by a dating partner. After controlling for the effects of potentially confounding demographics and risk behaviors, data from both surveys indicate that physical and sexual dating violence against adolescent girls is associated with increased risk of substance use (eg, cocaine use for 1997, odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-9.6; for 1999, OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7-6.7), unhealthy weight control behaviors (eg, use of laxatives and/or vomiting [for 1997, OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.8-5.5; for 1999, OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.2-6.5]), sexual risk behaviors (eg, first intercourse before age 15 years [for 1997, OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 5.1-13.4; for 1999, OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.2]), pregnancy (for 1997, OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 3.4-11.7; for 1999, OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.9-7.8), and suicidality (eg, attempted suicide [for 1997, OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 4.7-12.3; for 1999, OR, 8.6; 95% CI, 5.2-14.4]). CONCLUSION: Dating violence is extremely prevalent among this population, and adolescent girls who report a history of experiencing dating violence are more likely to exhibit other serious health risk behaviors.     

深圳市南山区MSM个体性网络大小对感染梅毒的影响

目的了解深圳市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)个体性网络大小及其对感染梅毒的影响,为男男性行为者采取干预措施降低梅毒感染风险提供新的视角。方法 2014—2016年深圳市南山区慢性病防治院采用外展干预和男同彩虹门诊相结合的方式对男男性行为者开展匿名自填式问卷调查,收集男男性行为者基本人口学、行为学、性网络特征及梅毒知识知晓情况,开展HIV、梅毒检测,通过卡方检验、Logistic回归探索该人群性行为、性网络与梅毒的相关性。结果共调查429名男男性行为者,梅毒检测阳性率9.1%。平均年龄(27.2±5.8)岁;汉族占98.1%;文化程度大专以上占70%;户籍是外省的占一半以上;约50%在深圳居住时间在半年以内;梅毒预防知识知晓率较低,仅70.2%。个体性网络大小做单因素分析,年龄(P=0.009)、文化程度(P=0.012)、在深居住时间(P=0.002)、最近6月与男性发生肛交时安全套的使用情况(P=0.041)、梅毒知识知晓情况(P=0.047)均与最近6月个体性网络大小情况有统计学意义。梅毒感染单因素分析文化程度、最近6月个体性网络大小、最近6月与男性发生肛交时安全套使用情况与感染梅毒有统计学意义;多因素分析显示个体性网络大小为15人以上(adjusted OR=3.383,95%CI=0.997~23.030)是感染梅毒的危险因素;最近6月与男性发生肛交时每次使用安全套(adjusted OR=0.059,95%CI=0.011~0.305)是感染梅毒的保护因素。结论 MSM人群是梅毒的一个易感人群,感染梅毒会增加感染HIV的风险,预防HIV和梅毒需同步。性网络作为传播HIV/STI桥梁的同时也是预防的关键,通过性网络建立同伴健康教育干预方法是预防性病的重要措施。     

Impact of HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing on risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in Langfang, China

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) in China remain at high risk for HIV infection,the proportion of reported HIV/AIDS cases that occurred among MSM rose greatly from 2005 to 2011.HIV testing an...     

上海市外来未婚女工艾滋病相关知识、态度和婚前性行为研究

目的了解上海市外来未婚女工艾滋病相关知识、态度和婚前性行为现状,并探讨婚前性行为的影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,选择上海市3家工厂的800名外来未婚女性务工人员进行问卷调查,回收769份,回收率为96．1％;有效问卷762份,有效率为99．1％。问卷内容主包括人口学基本信息以及艾滋病相关知识、态度和婚前性行为。采用多因素Logistic回归分析婚前性行为的影响因素。结果艾滋病相关知识的应答正确率为56．4％,对婚前性行为持反对态度的占38．1％,有36．1％的调查对象承认发生过婚前性行为。多因素Logistic回归分析显示婚前性行为发生的影响因素包括年龄（〉25岁组与〈20岁组比较：OR=2．16,95％C1=1．12～4．17）、居住状况（租房组与集体寝室组比较：OR=3．67,95％CI=2．03～6．63）、家乡（东部地区组与中西部地区组比较：OR=3．13,95％CI=1．64～5．97）和婚前性行为态度（赞同组与反对组比较：OR=9．23,95％CI=4．90～17．39;中立组与反对组比较：OR=3．85,95％CI=2．16～6．86）。结论上海市外来未婚女工的艾滋病知识相对薄弱,婚前性行为态度较为开放,婚前性行为发生率较高,有必加强安全性行为的健康促进,减少艾滋病及其他性传播疾病感染和意外妊娠的风险。     

某医学院校大学生营养知识、态度及饮食行为调查

目的：了解某医学院校在校大学生的营养知识、态度、行为（KAP）状况。方法：采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取临床医学、预防医学专业三个年级学生共641名,进行营养KAP问卷调查。结果：大学生营养KAP平均得分为（44.5±6.2）,不同年级女生的营养知识、营养态度得分及KAP总分均高于不同年级男生（P〈0.05-P〈0.01）;四年级男女生的营养知识、营养态度得分及KAP总分均高于一、三年级的男女生（P〈0.01）。经多元线性回归分析,影响大学生营养KAP得分的主要因素为性别和年级。结论：该校学生目前营养知识掌握水平较差,对一些常见营养素的来源及作用认识不足,但均有积极的态度,因此应在学校内开展有效的营养教育来提高学生的营养知识,指导日常膳食,为今后开展膳食指导和营养知识的宣传打下基础。     

Sexual Behaviour of Rural College Youth in Maharashtra, India： An Intervention Study

Objective To promote healthy sexual behaviour among rural college youth.
Methods The intervention study consisted a sample of 1 500 （800 male and 700female） in baseline and 1 953 （1 022 male and 931 female） college going students in post intervention, in the age groups 15-24 years from 8 colleges in Thane district of Maharashtra. The interventions included dissemination of lEC （Information, Education and Communication）, counselling in colleges and provision of health care services at rural health centers in the experimental area. Male and female teachers and peer leaders were trained to provide IEC. Chi-square test was carried out to find out the association between contributing factors and sexual behaviour.
Results Post intervention results showed that overall any sexual experience （coital/ non-coital） increased by 2.6% and 1.0% among male students and 4.6% and 0.8% among female students in control and experimental groups respectively which suggests that in the control area physical closeness and sexual relationship has increased between sexes. A significant improvement was noted in the usage of condom during their sexual intercourse in experimental group. The provision of IEC in college settings, peer leader training and orientation to teachers helped students and teachers to initiate a dialogue on reproductive health issues. Intervention programs helped college youth to develop the skills, make informed decisions about engaging in sexual intercourse and using contraceptives in a social context that sometimes encourages risky sexual behaviour. The study found that peer interaction was exposure to erotic material; habits and working status among boys and peer interaction and place of study among girls were closely associated with their coital and non-coital sex experience.
Conclusion A scientifically developed, need based and demand driven reproductive health service package for male and female students in colleges can help them to develop their knowledge, skills and attitudes for critical     

Associations among condom use, sexual behavior, and knowledge about HIV/AIDS. A study of 13,293 public school students

BACKGROUND: This school-based study explored associations between Mexican young people's condom use, other sexual behaviors, and HIV/AIDS knowledge. METHODS: Students (n=13,293, 11-24 years of age) from a random sample of public schools in the central Mexican state of Morelos completed a self-administered questionnaire. We performed logistic regression analysis of condom use and sexual behavior variables and a knowledge-based index on HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission. RESULTS: Average age at sexual debut was 13.6 +/- 1.9 years among young men and 14.2 +/- 2.2 years among young women; 34.5% of sample participants reported using condoms during their first sexual intercourse. More students had intermediate HIV/AIDS knowledge levels (46%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 45.2-46.9) than high levels (37%, 95% CI 36.2-37.8, p <0.01). Students knew more concerning HIV transmission than about prevention of HIV infection. Among young men, high levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge increased likelihood of condom use (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1-1.7), while among young women high levels of knowledge decreased likelihood of using condoms (OR 0.7, 95% CI, 0.5-1.0). Young men with high levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge were more likely to have had three or more sexual partners (OR 1.7, 95% CI, 1.3-2.2), but young women with high knowledge levels were more likely to have only one lifetime sexual partner (OR 0.6, 95% CI, 0.4-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: As in previous studies in smaller samples, levels of knowledge with regard to HIV/AIDS were low in Mexican youth. HIV/AIDS education programs for Mexican students should focus on conveying knowledge on HIV prevention. Because apparently knowledge is not directly correlated with condom use among young women, prevention strategies that deal with social acceptability of condoms and social skills related with condom negotiation are also needed.     

某军队医学院校学生性行为与性观念的调查分析

【目的】了解军队医学生的性行为和性观念情况,为有针对的实施性教育提供依据。【方法】采用问卷调查的方法,对某军队医学院校542名大学生进行性行为和性观念情况进行调查。【结果】不同性别军校医学生的性行为和性观念情况均存在显著性差异,男性性观念比较开放,对于婚前性行为,只有5．1％的男生表示不能接受,而女生有30．2％持此态度;对于多个性伴侣,91．8％的女学生表示绝对不能接受,男生持此态度的占61．2％;男性性行为发生率为30．8％,显著高于女性3．7％,但是女性主动避孕率高于男性。【结论】军队医学生性行为和性观念与性别有关,男性比女性更为开放。     

衡阳市大学生性观念、性行为的调查

目的 了解衡阳地区大学生的性观念、性心理和性行为状况。使性教育工作更具针对性、时效性和科学性。方法 采用自行编制的调查问卷对衡阳市南华大学的432名在校大学生进行无记名问卷调查。结果 44．2％的男生和46．6％的女生在大学谈过恋爱,其中52．3％的人是因为“相互爱慕”而发生感情;43．0％的男生和79．3％的女生认为童贞“非常重要”,而二者为整个调查人数的57．6％;有58．1％的大学生对于婚前性行为抱着“双方愿意就行”的态度;1．6％的人认为婚前同居“应受处分”,而55．6％的人认为只要“双方愿意就行”;关于恋爱中的性行为,分别有23．1％和8．7％的学生为单纯的拥抱和接吻。较为亲密的“性爱抚”和“性关系”发生率分别为2．1％和3．6％;大学生发生同居的占9．5％。结论 大学生的性观念趋于开放和多元化,但大部分大学生的性观念未出现偏离。     

大理地区3461名大一新生艾滋病知识态度调查分析

目的 调查大一新生对艾滋病基本知识的了解程度和对艾滋病的态度.方法 采用自编问卷调查,使用EpiData3.0软件建立数据库和SPSS软件包进行统计学分析.结果 经检验,男生和女生通过电视广播、书籍报刊和同伴教育三种途径获得的艾滋病知识有统计学意义(P＜0.05);艾滋病知识知晓率总体较高(86.12%),女生优于男生( P＜0.05);对艾滋病的态度不同(P＜0.01),女生比男生更正面积极的对待艾滋病,同时一部分学生存在报复社会的不良心理,男生比女生严重(P＜0.01).结论 高校应针对不同性别的大一学生采取不同的教育方式,全面掌握艾滋病知识,引导学生正面积极的对待艾滋病,消除不良心理.     

Health-related attitudes and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections of Chinese women who have sex with women

Background  Previous studies have shown evidence of health-related risk behaviors among women who have sex with women (WSW), such as sex with men, multiple bisexual partners, and drug use. Women who have sex with women have also been known to avoid routine physical examinations and conceal their same-sex history from physicians, which can affect their ability to receive an accurate diagnosis and treatment. No previous research has targeted women who have sex with women in China. We sought to describe women who have sex with women in China and explore risk factors for their reproductive tract infections (RTI)/sexually transmitted infections (STI).

Methods  Participants were recruited through outreach in venues and online for a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using interviews and laboratory tests.

Results  We recruited 224 women who have sex with women. In the year preceding their participation in the study, 92% (206/224) of women reported sexual relations with women. The RTI rates were: gonorrhea (15.8%), chlamydia (3.5%), syphilis (0.5%), bacterial vaginosis (14.4%), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (0.9%), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (0.5%), and candidiasis (6.9%). No HIV or herpes simplex virus (HSV) positive cases were detected. Factors associated with gonorrhea infection were non-Beijing local residency (odds ratio (OR)=2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–3.8) and genital-genital contact (OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.3–7.2); factors associated with curable STI (excluding bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, HBV and HCV) were non-Beijing local residency (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–3.0) and bleeding during or after sex (OR=18.1; 95% CI: 5.2–62.6); and the factor associated with RTI (including all the infections tested) was bleeding during or after sex (OR=37.8, 95% CI: 11.2–127.4).

Conclusions  Behaviors that may cause RTI/STI exist among Chinese women who have sex with women. Researchers should consider these behaviors when planning corresponding prevention and interventions.

     

海口市不同性角色MSM青年学生社会接纳和性行为特征

目的 了解海南省海口市不同性角色男男性行为（men who have sex with men,MSM）青年学生的社会接纳和高危性行为特征及危险因素,为开展MSM青年学生艾滋病预防干预提供精准化建议。方法 在高校中采用同伴推动抽样法（RDS）动员招募MSM青年学生至咨询检测门诊,通过匿名问卷调查,问卷内容包括社会人口学、社会接纳和高危性行为特征,同时采集血样进行HIV和梅毒抗体检测。结果 共调查159名MSM青年学生,有效调查问卷150份。调查对象据经常扮演的性角色分三组：被插入方（0号）60人（40.00%）,兼有插入和被插入方（0.5号）48人（32.00%）,插入方（1号）42人（28.00%）。0号、0.5号和1号组HIV感染率分别为3.33%、0.00%和7.14%,差异无统计学意义（P=0.170）;梅毒感染率分别为3.33%、10.42%和19.05%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.034）。觉得生活环境对待同性恋态度友好的39人（26.53%）,觉得一般的100人（66.70%）,觉得受到歧视的8人（5.30%）。性行为学变量中“首次性行为年龄、首次性行为对象是否为临时性伴、是否使用过兴奋剂、使用兴奋剂后有无发生性行为”有统计学意义（P<0.05）;“最近一年每次发生肛交性行为都坚持使用安全套”变量有统计学意义（P<0.01）;logistic多因素分析结果显示：0.5号性角色在二~五年级段是一年级的3.143倍（OR=3.143,95%CI：1.893~5.220）;不告知他人同性性倾向是0号和1号的8.093倍（OR=8.093,95%CI：2.496~26.243）;首次性行为年龄（<18岁）是0号和1号的 15.269倍（OR=15.269,95%CI：5.072~45.972）,是危险因素。0.5号性角色首次性行为对象相对固定,首次性行为对象为临时性伴是0号和1号的0.238倍（OR=0.238,95%CI：0.092~0.619）,是保护因素。结论 不同性角色的MSM青年学生社会接纳、高危性行为、安全套使用和梅毒感染率差异有统计学意义,建议分类提供针对性干预,提高该人群预防性传播疾病感染技能。     

赣南地区大学生性态度、性行为及性健康教育现状调查

目的：为了解赣南地区大学生性态度、性行为及性健康教育现状,为开展相应性健康教育提供参考依据。方法随机抽取919名赣南地区在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果绝大多数同学对婚前性行为持中立的态度,半数的调查对象有恋爱经历,12．9％的调查对象曾有过性行为,47．2％的调查对象不了解避孕工具的使用,性健康知识获取方式主要为网络、色情影视作品等非正规途径,多数调查对象未曾接受来自学校的性健康知识教育,少数同学对同性恋、手淫等存在误解。结论高校应根据现阶段大学生性态度、性行为及性健康教育现状的特点,加强和重视并有针对性的开展性健康知识教育。     

社会交往和流动人群艾滋病知识、态度、行为的关系

目的 探讨社会交往与流动人群艾滋病知识、态度、行为的关系,为有效干预流动人群的艾滋病高危行为提供依据.方法 通过方便抽样对758例流动人口进行调查,采用国艾办制定的艾滋病知识、态度和行为问卷和自行研制的社会资本问卷,用x2检验及Logistic回归方法分析.结果 有密切社会交往的流动人群的艾滋病知识水平高于无密切社会交往的流动人群(x2=2.54,P=0.047).密切社交对象是政府/社区工作人员的流动人群艾滋病高知晓率对健康相关行为有显著影响(OR=5.56, 95% CI:1.52~7.03).密切社交对象为政府/社区工作人员(OR=0.20, 95% CI:0.06~0.66)和企业/个体老板的人群(OR=0.21, 95% CI:0.09~0.63),艾滋病的高知晓率对艾滋病的态度具有消极影响.结论 社会交往在改善流动人群的艾滋病相关知识和行为方面具有重要作用.