小鼠CD4~+ CD25~+ Foxp3~+调节性T细胞体外扩增

目的:本研究旨在探讨CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞体外扩增的方法。方法:采用磁珠分选小鼠CD4+T细胞,αCD3单克隆抗体包被24孔板,加入αCD28单克隆抗体、雷帕霉素、rhIL-2,培养3周后,流式细胞仪测定培养细胞中CD4+CD25+T细胞的含量,实时定量PCR检测CD4+CD25+T细胞Foxp3 mRNA的表达;单向混合淋巴细胞反应和增殖抑制试验测定扩增的CD4+CD25+T细胞的增殖及其抑制功能;ELISA检测培养上清中IL-10和TGF-β1的含量。结果:小鼠CD4+T细胞培养3周后,CD4+CD25+T细胞达(76.05±2.73)%,高于未加雷帕霉素组(52.17±1.36)%(P<0.001),磁珠分选的CD4+CD25+T细胞Foxp3 mRNA的表达是未加雷帕霉素组的5倍(P<0.001),增殖能力是未加雷帕霉素组的0.29倍(P<0.001),对CD4+T细胞增殖抑制能力是未加雷帕霉素组的3.6倍(P<0.001),培养上清中IL-10和TGF-β1分别是对照组的1.8倍和1.6倍(P<0.001)。结论:小鼠CD4+T细胞在含有1μg/ml的αCD28、rhIL-2 100 U/ml和终浓度为10 nmol/L雷帕霉素的培养体系中培养3周后能有效扩增CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞。     

人B7-H3基因转染及其生物学功能的研究

B7 H3是新近发现的B7家族新成员。为探讨其体外生物学功能及单克隆抗体的研制构建了B7 H3基因转染细胞。利用PCR的方法扩增出B7 H3基因 ,继而插入逆转录病毒载体pGEZ Term ,重组逆转录病毒载体与两个辅助病毒载体脂质体法共转染包装细胞 2 93T ,经用含有完整病毒颗粒的 2 93T细胞的培养上清感染L92 9细胞 ,Zeocin筛选获得B7 H3的基因转染细胞。RT PCR、Westernblot和流式细胞仪表型分析等方法鉴定表明 ,B7 H3/L92 9基因转染细胞能稳定表达人B7 H3蛋白。继而基因转染细胞对T细胞体外培养试验显示该基因转染细胞与T细胞共培养可抑制其体外增殖。ELISA法分析表明该基因转染细胞抑制活化T细胞IFN γ及IL 10的分泌。CD2 8信号可以逆转B7 H3对活化T细胞的抑制效应。综上结果证实 ,B7 H3对体外活化的T细胞具有负性调控作用。     

Foxp3逆转录病毒载体的构建及其诱导的CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞免疫抑制功能研究

Foxp3基因的表达与CD4+CD25+免疫调节细胞的功能密切相关。为在体外诱导具有免疫调节功能的CD4+CD25+免疫调节细胞,本文构建了带有绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)的pMSCV-MIGR-Foxp3逆转录病毒载体及研究体外转染获得的人CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞的免疫抑制功能。扩增人Foxp3编码基因,插入pMSCV-MIGR逆转录病毒载体,构建Foxp3逆转录病毒真核表达载体。磷酸钙沉淀法转染Pheonix E包装细胞。包装病毒再感染PT67细胞,获得永久产毒的PT67细胞。病毒上清感染免疫磁珠分离健康体检者PBMC中CD4+CD25-细胞,诱导CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞,3H-thymidine掺入法测定其对CD4+CD25-细胞增殖的免疫抑制作用。结果显示,带有绿色荧光蛋白的pMSCV-MIGR-Foxp3逆转录病毒可以感染CD4+CD25-T细胞,使其表达Foxp3。CD4+CD25-细胞体外增殖可以被转染诱导的CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞所抑制,提示转染诱导的CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞具有免疫抑制功能,为进一步研究体外诱导CD4+CD25-Foxp3+调节性T细胞功能奠定基础。     

Foxp3转染小鼠CD4+CD25-T细胞抑制NK细胞活性

目的： 通过逆转录病毒载体转染Foxp3基因到小鼠CD4+CD25-T细胞,以研究体外诱导获得的调节性T细胞对NK细胞免疫活性的调节作用及其机制。方法： 携带Foxp3基因的逆转录病毒转染初始CD4+CD25-T细胞,以获得持续性高表达Foxp3的CD4+ T细胞模型。CD4+Foxp3+ T细胞与NK细胞共培养后,用［51Cr］标记的YAC-1细胞检测NK细胞的杀伤毒性。在TGF-β阻断实验中,通过Transwell共培养实验以及向细胞共培养体系加入抗TGF-β抗体,并检测NK细胞杀伤毒性。结果：逆转录病毒转染初始CD4+CD25-T细胞,成功建立了表达Foxp3的CD4+T细胞模型,转染后1周Foxp3阳性表达的T细胞比例为38.0%。CD4+Foxp3+ T细胞在与NK细胞共培养的24 h和48 h后,对NK细胞的细胞毒性杀伤效应的抑制率分别为42.9%和22.7%。在CD4+Foxp3+ T细胞与NK细胞的共培养体系中加入抗TGF-β抗体后,其抑制率分别由原来的42.9%(24 h)、22.7%(48 h)变为3.2%(24 h)、2.1%(48 h)。在Transwell共培养实验中与NK细胞直接接触的Foxp3+CD4+T细胞可以诱导NK细胞免疫抑制,而没有直接接触的Foxp3+CD4+T细胞则不能抑制NK细胞的杀伤作用。结论：强制性表达Foxp3的CD4+CD25-T细胞可以在体外发挥免疫抑制作用,可以抑制NK细胞的细胞毒性杀伤作用。转染 Foxp3的CD4+CD25-T细胞对NK细胞发挥作用依赖于细胞之间的直接接触,与转染后T细胞表面表达TGF-β有关。     

乙型肝炎病毒C基因重组逆转录病毒的构建和在真核细胞的表达

目的　构建含HBVC基因的重组逆转录病毒以用于慢性乙型肝炎的免疫治疗。方法　用PCR法扩增HBV的C基因片段 ,定向插入逆转录病毒质粒载体pLXSN中 ,重组质粒用脂质体转染包装细胞PT67,G418筛选抗性细胞 ,用抗性细胞培养上清液中的重组病毒感染NIH3T3、EL4和鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞 (DC) ,用PCR检测目的基因的插入 ,用间接免疫荧光和流式细胞仪检测目的基因的表达 ,基因修饰的DC免疫C57BL 6鼠观察其诱导细胞免疫的能力。结果　含HBVC基因重组质粒载体经PCR、酶切和序列分析鉴定为阳性 ,转染PT67后经G418筛选获得抗性细胞 ,抗性细胞培养上清液中含有重组逆转录病毒 ,病毒效价达 3× 10 5CFU ml,感染NIH3T3和EL4细胞后PCR鉴定含目的基因 ,间接免疫荧光、流式细胞仪鉴定有HBcAg表达 ,基因修饰后的DC免疫C57BL 6鼠能诱导特异性CTL应答。结论　构建的HBVC基因重组逆转录病毒可将目的基因转移至真核细胞并得到有效表达     

逆转录病毒作为基因治疗载体的生物安全检测

目的在以逆转录病毒为载体的抗乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）细胞内免疫基因治疗研究过程中,建立较完整的生物安全检测系统,为临床应用奠定基础。方法包括无菌,支原体和可复制性逆转录病毒的检测。支原体检测采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法,可复制性逆转录病毒的检测应用Ｓ＋／Ｌ－试验,ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞扩增试验和ｎｅｏ基因补救分析。结果在所建立的靶基因包装细胞系中,无菌试验均为阴性,一株包装细胞支原体呈阳性,全部包装细胞系未测到可复制性逆转录病毒。结论本研究采用的生物安全检测系统具有稳定性好,敏感染性高的优点,对基因治疗临床试验的生物安全检测具有重要的应用价值。     

三种反义c-myc逆转录病毒表达载体的纯化、病毒包装、滴度测定及整合检测

为了增强逆转录病毒构建体对靶细胞的转染能力 ,本实验使用 Wizard TMDNA纯化系统对构建成功的三种反义 c- myc逆转录病毒表达载体进行了纯化 ,并经脂质体介导包装 PA317细胞 ,使用 NIH 3T3细胞测定了 PA317抗性细胞克隆的病毒滴度 ,用 neo基因 PCR扩增检测外源基因的整合情况。结果显示纯化后的DNA达到了真核细胞转染的要求 ,但其包装滴度的高低还受靶细胞生长状态、 PA317抽样量的高度影响 ,而neo基因 PCR检测是一种敏感、经济和可靠的基因整合检测法     

人外周血单个核细胞来源CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞的体外扩增培养及功能研究

目的建立人外周血单个核细胞来源的CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞体外扩增培养方法 ,研究体外扩增后细胞功能改变。方法 Ficoll-Paque密度梯度分离健康人外周血单个核细胞,免疫磁珠纯化CD4+T细胞,流式分选CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞。用抗人CD3/CD28单抗和IL-2联合刺激CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞,检测其Foxp3、IL-10和TGF-β表达改变。结果人外周血单个核细胞分离纯化得到纯度98%的CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞,Foxp3表达率为95%;使用IL-2加抗CD3/CD28单抗刺激6周后细胞数量可扩增1 000倍;扩增后细胞Foxp3的表达和IL-10、TGF-β的分泌均显著降低。结论本研究成功建立了高纯度大量CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞纯化和体外扩增方法,研究了CD4+CD25+T细胞体外扩增后功能表型的改变。     

荧光定量PCR法在重组逆转录病毒pLXSN-BDNF滴度测定中的应用

目的制备含大鼠脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）基因的逆转录病毒，建立荧光定量PCR测定滴度的方法。方法扩增BDNF基因，构建重组质粒pLXSN-BDNF，将其转染包装细胞，经G418筛选、病毒浓缩后用荧光定量PCR法和克隆形成法测定滴度。结果经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定，BDNF基因成功插入逆转录病毒载体中，筛选得到稳定的分泌重组病毒细胞系。重组病毒100倍浓缩后经荧光定量PCR法和克隆形成法测定的滴度分别为6．92×10^6拷贝/ml和3．2×10^5CFU/ml，两种方法测得的结果差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论成功扩增BDNF基因，制备了重组病毒pLX—SN-BDNF，建立了荧光定量PCR检测滴度的方法，为基因治疗青光眼性视神经损伤的实验研究提供重要参考指标。     

人4IgB7-H3-Fc融合蛋白的表达及其生物学活性的研究

为获得人4IgB7-H3-Fc融合蛋白,研究其对T细胞的共刺激作用,采用PCR技术分别从pMD18-T/4IgB7-H3和pMD18-T/hIgG1(Fc)重组载体中扩增出人4IgB7-H3胞外段基因和人IgG1重链Fc恒定区基因,通过RT-PCR技术插入逆转录病毒载体pGEZ-Term,重组逆转录病毒载体与两个辅助病毒载体经脂质体法共转染包装细胞293T,收集含有完整病毒颗粒的293T细胞的培养上清反复感染L929细胞,利用Zeocin筛选获得能稳定分泌4IgB7-H3-Fc融合蛋白的基因转染细胞。基因转染细胞经无血清培养后,收集的上清用Dot blot检测,超滤浓缩并经Protein G柱纯化,再用SDS-PAGE、Western blot鉴定。以4IgB7-H3-Fc蛋白检测活化T细胞表面未知受体的表达,通过MTT方法分析4IgB7-H3-Fc融合蛋白对T细胞的共刺激作用。结果显示,成功地构建了pEGZ-Term/4IgB7-H3-Fc重组逆转录病毒载体,经转染包装细胞293T后,筛选获得能稳定分泌4IgB7-H3-Fc蛋白的L929基因转染细胞株;纯化后的4IgB7-H3-Fc蛋白能够与活化T细胞表面结合,并对T细胞有显著的促增殖作用。为探讨人4IgB7-H3-Fc融合蛋白对T细胞的共刺激作用和寻找其未知受体奠定良好的物质基础。     

Improved detection of replication-competent retrovirus

Recombinant retroviral vectors are the predominant delivery system in human gene therapy protocols. Since contaminating replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) can arise during the production of retroviral vector supernatants, sensitive assays for the screening of supernatants are necessary. In this study, we present a marker rescue assay based upon a Mus dunni cell line stably transduced with a lacZ gene. We show that detection of RCR in vector supernatants by the M. dunni lacZ marker rescue assay or PG-4 S + L — focus-forming assay is equally sensitive. By inoculating test supernatants under centrifugation (which we term spinoculation), we increased the sensitivity of detection of RCR 10 to 100-fold with the PG-4 S + L — and lacZ marker rescue assays. While the spinoculation protocol had no adverse effects on cells, spinoculation of high titer vector supernatants onto PG-4 cells resulted in some cytotoxicity, making identification of RCR positive cultures difficult. However, spinoculation of vector supernatants onto M. dunni lacZ cells resulted in no cytotoxicity, and also partially overcame inhibition of detection of low levels of RCR due to the presence of high titer replication-incompetent vector.     

Characterization of recombination events leading to the production of an ecotropic replication-competent retrovirus in a GP+envAM12-derived producer cell line

Replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) was identified in a GP+envAM12-derived producer cell, containing the MFG-S-Neo retroviral vector, using a marker rescue assay. Studies were undertaken to determine the origin and structure of this RCR. Receptor interference assays demonstrated that the virus was pseudotyped with an ecotropic envelope. Molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of a MoMLV ecotropic env recombinant where the neomycin resistance gene of the MFG-S-Neo vector was replaced by MoMLV ecotropic env. Additional recombinants linking the retroviral pol gene to neo and the neo gene to MoMLV env were also identified. A full-length MoMLV retroviral genome was detected by nested PCR in the contaminated amphotropic producer cells and in cells infected with its supernatant. Unexpectedly, this was also present in the GP+E86 packaging cells together with a previously undescribed envelope construct possessing a full 5' and 3' LTR, although these cells were consistently negative for the presence of RCR. These anomalies in the GP+E86 packaging cell line result in increased homology with the MFG-S-Neo vector, leading to an increased risk for the production of RCR. Our findings point to a need for increased vigilance when using these packaging lines to generate replication-defective retrovirus.     

pLXSN-BDNF体外转染神经干细胞及其外源基因的表达

目的 建立体外稳定表达脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)的神经干细胞(NSCs).方法 采用有限稀释法纯化体外培养的NSCs.用重组和空白逆转录病毒感染NSCs,分别采用荧光定量PCR法和ELISA法检测3组(pLXSN-BDNF病毒感染组、pLXSN病毒感染组、空白对照组)NSCs中外源基因的表达水平.结果 荧光定量PCR法测定pLXSN-BDNF组BDNF原始模板拷贝数为(19.57±0.65)×10~3copies/μl,与其余两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ELISA法测定pLXSN-BDNF组NSCs细胞上清中BDNF含量最高,与其余两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 用携带BDNF的重组逆转录病毒能成功地将外源基因导入NSCs中,为NSCs眼内移植研究,也为基因治疗视神经损伤的量化研究提供实验依据.     

A quantification of human cells using an ERV-3 real time PCR assay

A novel approach to quantifying human cells using a real time PCR assay was developed. The target sequence used in the assay is a 135 bp segment within the unique 1.7 kb Hind III / Pst I fragment of the ERV-3 envelope gene. ERV-3 is a full-length human endogenous retrovirus present in known copy number in all human cells. The detection range of ERV-3 by real time PCR is from 10(6) to 10(1). The precision described, sensitivity and specificity of the assay indicate that the ERV-3 sequence is an accurate cell quantitation marker. The quantitative ERV-3 assay enables simple, fast, and reproducible detection and quantitation of the cell number. The assay can be used to determine the sample DNA conditions and also it can be used to adjust the quantitative DNA measurements of other target gene assays relative to the number of cell equivalents.     

携带人生长抑素2型受体的腺病毒载体的构建和表达

目的： 构建表达SSTR2的重组腺病毒载体，用于胰腺癌的基因治疗。 方法: 构建重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pDC316-SSTR2，通过脂质体与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGlox(delta)E1,3Cre共转染293细胞，经位点特异性重组获得重组腺病毒Ad-SSTR2。通过PCR鉴定Ad-SSTR2。经293细胞扩增，纯化制备高滴度病毒感染液。以病毒感染液感染人胰腺癌细胞capan-2，应用免疫印迹检测SSTR2蛋白的表达。 结果: 成功构建腺病毒穿梭质粒pDC316-SSTR2，与pBHGlox(delta)E1,3Cre共转染293细胞获得了重组腺病毒Ad-SSTR2，以Ad-SSTR2基因组DNA为模板同时扩增出了人SSTR2 cDNA基因片段和腺病毒骨架基因片段。Ad-SSTR2感染capan-2 48 h后，免疫印迹检测到SSTR2蛋白的表达。 结论: 表达人SSTR2的重组腺病毒载体构建成功，并在胰腺癌细胞中得到正确表达，为SSTR2基因治疗胰腺癌奠定了基础。     

Detection of the Bacillus anthracis gyrA gene by using a minor groove binder probe

Identification of chromosomal markers for rapid detection of Bacillus anthracis is difficult because significant chromosomal homology exists among B. anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis. We evaluated the bacterial gyrA gene as a potential chromosomal marker for B. anthracis. A real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of B. anthracis. After analysis of the unique nucleotide sequence of the B. anthracis gyrA gene, a fluorescent 3' minor groove binding probe was tested with 171 organisms from 29 genera of bacteria, including 102 Bacillus strains. The assay was found to be specific for all 43 strains of B. anthracis tested. In addition, a test panel of 105 samples was analyzed to evaluate the potential diagnostic capability of the assay. The assay showed 100% specificity, demonstrating the usefulness of the gyrA gene as a specific chromosomal marker for B. anthracis.     

Detection of yellow fever virus: a comparison of quantitative real-time PCR and plaque assay

Yellow fever virus quantitation is performed routinely by cultivation of virus containing samples using susceptible cells. Counting of the resulting plaques provides a marker for the number of infectious particles present in the sample. This assay usually takes up to 5 days before results are obtained and must be carried out under L2 or L3 laboratory conditions, depending on the yellow fever virus strain used. For clinical diagnosis of yellow fever virus infections the cell culture-based approach takes too long and is of limited practical relevance. Recently, due to its considerable sensitivity, PCR has become a promising method for virus detection. However, whilst PCR can detect virus-specific nucleic acids, it does not allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the infectious potential of the virus detected. Nonetheless, for diagnostic purposes, a rapid, specific and sensitive virus PCR is preferable. Therefore, two independent yellow fever virus-specific real-time PCR assays were established and compared the viral RNA loads to the results of a traditional plaque assay. The estimated ratio of yellow fever virus genomes to infectious particles was between 1000:1 and 5000:1; both approaches displayed a comparable precision of <45%. A significant correlation between genome number as determined by real-time PCR and the corresponding number of plaques in paired samples was found with a Pearson coefficient of correlation of r=0.88 (P<0.0001).