Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation of pancreatic duct pathology

MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) may replace direct pancreatography in the evaluation of the pancreatic duct. The aim of this pictorial review is to demonstrate the usefulness of MRCP in the evaluation of pancreatic duct pathology. The examination technique included coronal, sagittal and axial breath-hold HASTE 2D imaging using a body phase array coil. We present the diagnostic features on MRCP of a variety of benign and malignant disorders of the pancreatic duct, and conclude that MRCP is a suitable method for imaging the pancreatic duct system.     

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography versus endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary pathology

Purpose

This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in evaluating the cause of extrahepatic bile duct dilatation.

Materials and methods

Forty-five patients (26 men, mean age 57 years) with extrahepatic biliary dilatation, as shown by transabdominal ultrasound, with or without elevated biliary and pancreatic serum indices, were prospectively studied with MRCP and EUS between September 2007 and October 2008. EUS and MRCP were performed within no more than 24 h of each other to reduce the possibility of changes due to stone migration. Image analysis was carried out in a double-blind fashion.

Results

MRCP had 88.9% diagnostic accuracy, 91.9% sensitivity and 75% specificity, with 94.4% positive predictive value and 66.7% negative predictive value. EUS had 93.3% diagnostic accuracy, 97.3% sensitivity and 75% specificity; the positive and negative predictive values were 94.7% and 85.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

MRCP and EUS do not show significant statistical differences in diagnostic accuracy. MRCP is an accurate, noninvasive modality in the study of extrahepatic biliary pathology. EUS is especially reliable in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction caused by endoluminal sludge.     

Multilocular cystic nephroma: report of three cases

Multilocular cystic nephroma is an uncommon renal neoplasm which in childhood usually presents as an abdominal mass. The same condition is also described as multilocular kidney and multilocular cystic hamartoma. The clinical presentation, and radiological findings in three cases of multilocular cystic nephroma are described.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of dacryocystocele: report of 3 cases

The presence of cystic dilation of the lacrimal drainage system (dacryocystocele) in the fetus must be differentiated from less benign paraocular masses. Three cases of dacryocystocele studied during fetal life by ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are reported. The accuracy of prenatal MR imaging facilitated a definite diagnosis depicting the characteristic triad of dacryocystocele: paraocular cystic mass in the medial canthus region, nasolacrimal duct enlargement, and intranasal cyst.     

磁共振胰胆管成像在诊断胰胆管疾病中的价值

目的：评价磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)诊断阻塞性和扩张性胰胆管疾病的临床价值。方法：采用西门子symPhonyl．5T超导磁共振成像仪，对72例胰胆管系统疾病患和20例正常对照组进行MRI和MRCP成像，其中病变组22例进行Gd-DTPA动态增强。分析图像，将诊断结果与手术病理和超声、CT等其它影像检查结果对照。结果：MRCP能清晰显示正常胰胆管树的结构，能直观显示胰胆管扩张和梗阻的部位、形态、范围。检出率和定位率为94、3％，定性率为85．7％。MRI图像能帮助定性诊断。结论：MRCP是一种安全、有效的胰胆管系统影像检查方法，与MRI结合，对诊断和鉴别诊断胰胆管阻塞性和扩张性疾病有较高的临床诊断价值，     

经胆囊管胆道镜检查取石56例

目的：探讨经胆囊管或其汇入部微切开行胆道镜检查的可行性及适应证。方法：对具有胆道探查指征的患者，施行经胆囊管或其汇入部切开约2mm后进行胆道镜检查和取石，探查完成后不放置T管，直接结扎或缝合胆囊管及汇入部微切口。结果：施行经胆囊管胆道镜检查22例，经胆囊管汇入部微切开检查34例，成功53例。术后住院时间7—10d，平均8．6d，无一例胆漏发生。47例得到随访，随访时间3月～4．5年，平均32月，无一例结石复发或胆道狭窄表现。结论：与传统的胆总管切开胆道镜检查相比，经胆囊管或其汇入部微切开胆道镜检查具有创伤小，术后反应轻，术后住院时间短，免除了术后带T管的痛苦，减少了术后并发症等优点，适应于大部分胆道结石患者。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of intraspinal epidermoid cyst: a case report

Intraspinal epidermoid cysts are considered rare lesions. We report such a case in a 12-year-old boy that was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the lesion and the importance of proper imaging sequences are discussed.     

Role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in diagnosing choledochal cysts: Case series and review

AIM:To determine the merits of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) as the primary diagnostic test for choledochal cysts(CC’s).METHODS:Between 2009 and 2012,patients who underwent MRCP for perioperative diagnosis were identified.Demographic information,clinical characteristics,and radiographic findings were recorded.MRCP results were compared with intraoperative findings.A PubMed search identified studies published between 1996-2012,employing MRCP as the primary preoperative imaging and comparing results with either endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) or operative findings.Detection rates for CC’s and abnormal pancreaticobiliary junction(APBJ) were calculated.In addition detection rates for clinically related biliary pathology like choledocholithiasis and cholangiocarcinomas in patients diagnosed with CC’s were also evaluated.RESULTS:Eight patients were identified with CC’s.Six patients out of them had typeⅣCC’s,1 had type I and 1 had a new variant of choledochal cyst with confluent dilatation of the common bile duct(CBD) and cystic duct.Seven patients had an APBJ and 3 of those had a long common-channel.Gallstones were found in 2 patients,1 had a CBD stone,and 1 pancreatic-duct stone was also detected.In all cases,MRCP successfully identified the type of CC’s,as well as APBJ with ductal stones.From analyzing the literature,we found that MRCP has 96%-100% detection rate for CC’s.Additionally,we found that the range for sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy was 53%-100%,90%-100% and 56%-100% in diagnosing APBJ.MRCP’s detection rate was 100% for choledocholithiasis and 87% for cholangiocarcinomas with concurrent CC’s.CONCLUSION:After initial ultrasound and computed tomography scan,MRCP should be the next diagnostic test in both adult and pediatric patients.ERCP should be reserved for patients where therapeutic intervention is needed.     

胰腺疾病的MR胰胆管成像征象的定量分析

目的　研究不同胰腺疾病的MR胰胆管成像 (MRCP)特征 ,探讨特征性表现及MRCP对胰腺疾病的诊断价值。方法　对 111例临床怀疑胰腺疾病的患者进行MRCP检查。MRCP扫描序列包括 :厚层快速自旋回波 (TSE)序列和薄层半傅立叶采集单次激发快速自旋回波 (HASTE)序列 ,其中胰腺癌 4 6例 ,慢性胰腺炎 39例 ,壶腹周围癌 2 3例 ,胆总管结石 3例。结果　 (1) 37例胰腺癌、2 4例慢性胰腺炎和 12壶腹周围癌出现胰管改变 ,其中 33例胰腺癌、0例慢性胰腺炎和 12例壶腹周围癌出现胰管平滑扩张并中断 ,经统计学分析 χ2 =5 7 911,P <0 0 1;2例胰腺癌、2 3例慢性胰腺炎和 0例壶腹周围癌出现胰管不规则扩张且贯通病变区 ,经统计学分析 χ2 =6 0 343,P <0 0 1。 (2 ) 2 9例胰腺癌、10例慢性胰腺炎和 2 3例壶腹周围癌出现胆总管扩张 ,其中 2 9例胰腺癌、1例慢性胰腺炎和 2 3例壶腹周围癌出现胆总管扩张后截断 ,经统计学分析 ,χ2 =6 1 2 17,P <0 0 1。 (3) 2 9例胰腺癌、1例慢性胰腺炎和 12例壶腹周围癌出现双管征 ,经统计学分析 ,χ2 =34 6 5 4 ,P <0 0 1。 (4 ) 2 4例慢性胰腺炎、0例胰腺癌和 0例壶腹周围癌出现假性囊肿 ,经统计学分析 ,χ2 =5 4 5 93,P <0 0 1。结论　不同胰腺疾病有其相对应的特征性表现 ,MRCP能够显     

Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial epidermoids: report of two cases

Intracranial epidermoids are uncommon benign tumors in the subarachnoid spaces. We have studied two patients with these tumors originating in the basal cisterns using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), and cerebral angiography. Both CT and MR showed the extraaxial position of these tumors and their extension into the posterior fossa well. Angiography did not show any abnormal vasculature but displacement of vessels by the tumor mass was well demonstrated. MR was found to be relatively specific in characterizing these tumors.     

Magnetic resonance ventriculography with gadolinium DTPA: report of two cases

We report intrathecal use of gadolinium DTPA for MRI of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In two patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, we injected 0.01 mmol gadolinium DTPA into the lateral ventricle via an Ommaya device. Coronal T1-weighted images of the head were obtained at 0.2 T prior to and after injection. There was pronounced enhancement of CSF close to the injection site, allowing good delineation of CSF and surrounding brain tissue. No side effects occurred. MRI with intrathecal administration of highly diluted gadolinium DTPA may be a promising alternative to conventional investigation of CSF-filled cavities using iodinated X-ray contrast media or radionuclides. Received: 29 April 1996 Accepted: 25 September 1996     

胰胆管疾病的磁共振胰胆管成像与内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影初步对照研究

目的：探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（ＭＲＣＰ）对胰胆管疾病的临床应用价值。材料与方法：２０例高度怀疑胰胆管疾病的患者均经内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）和ＭＲＣＰ检查，并将ＭＲＣＰ影像与ＥＲＣＰ影像进行非双盲对照分析，其中１５例经手术证实。ＭＲＣＰ采用屏气、一次激发半傅立叶转换快速自旋回波序列（ＦＡＳＥ）、重Ｔ２加权、二维（２Ｄ）多个平面成像技术。结果：冠状位ＭＲＣＰ图像与ＥＲＣＰ图像极其相似，ＭＲＣＰ图像的空间分辨率略逊于ＥＲＣＰ，因而，ＭＲＣＰ有时不能显示正常胰管及其分支。依据较满意的ＭＲＣＰ图像可以做出与ＥＲＣＰ基本一致的诊断，并且，对ＥＲＣＰ失败或显示不完全的病例，ＭＲＣＰ可获得有价值的诊断信息。结论：本研究结果表明，ＭＲＣＰ是一种安全、无损伤性的影像学技术，在胰胆管疾病诊断方面具有很大潜力，评价ＭＲＣＰ是否可以常规取代ＥＲＣＰ的诊断作用尚为时过早，仍需要进一步大量的临床病例对照研究。     

骨外骨软骨瘤的影像诊断（附3例报告）

本文收集我院骨外骨软骨性肿瘤3例，就其X线、CT、MR影像资料并结合手术病理进行分析，以加强对本病影像学表现更全面的认识。