早产儿视网膜病的危险因素分析及随访调查

研究早产儿视网膜病(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发生率、高危因素、治疗与随访情况。方法对2005年7月-2007年12月温州医学院附属第一医院NICU收治的符合ROP筛查标准的早产儿,于生后2周开始由资深眼科医师开始行间接眼底镜检查眼底,并进行随访。结果434例早产儿中ROP的发生率为5.5%(24/434例),24例ROP中Ⅰ期19例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期2例。Ⅲ期阈值病变者行激光光凝治疗,全部患儿均恢复正常。对434例早产儿行单因素分析得出,胎龄、出生体重、住院时间、吸氧、吸氧浓度、吸氧时间、呼吸暂停、新生儿肺透明膜病(RDS)、肺表面活性剂(PS)的应用、机械通气、输血、光疗时间、感染与ROP的发生有相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示胎龄、出生体重、胎数、吸氧时间、光疗时间、代谢性酸中毒、母亲妊高症、颅内出血是影响ROP发生的主要因素。结论早产是ROP的根本原因,防治各种并发症、合理的氧疗是预防ROP的关键。建立完善有效的ROP筛查制度,早期发现、早期治疗ROP,可改善ROP的预后。     

Neonatal tetanus in the middle Black Sea region of Turkey

We retrospectively analyzed 62 cases with neonatal tetanus (NT) seen in the Department of Pediatrics of Ondokuz Mayis University from 1989 to 2001. Epidemiological characteristics and prognostic factors on survival were investigated. We grouped the patients into two groups, the survivors and those who died. All patients were born in non-hygienic conditions, coming from rural regions. None of the mothers had been immunized against tetanus. The mortality rate was 40% (25 of 62 cases) and the only two poor prognostic factors on survival were age younger than five days at onset and the presence of fever. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the other known prognostic factors. Although the NT rate is declining, we must continue to protect against it by strictly enforcing preventive policies, especially in rural regions.     

早产儿视网膜病的危险因素及早期诊治

目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的早期诊治及危险因素.方法 对本院新生儿科2004年7月至2006年6月共收治胎龄<34周或出生体重<2 000 g的住院早产儿,在纠正胎龄32～34周或生后4～6周时,由眼科医生用间接眼底镜进行ROP筛查,根据筛查结果将患儿分为ROP组和眼底正常组,对于检出阈值病变的患儿全部给予眼底激光凝固术治疗,对所有临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 2年期间我科共收治早产儿785例,符合筛查标准的早产儿395例,共发现ROP 90例,发生率占筛查病人的22.8%;其中阈值病变24例(占筛查病人的6.1%).22例阈值病变患儿接受了眼底激光凝固术治疗,随访1年全部保存视力,2例家长放弃治疗的患儿,1年后随访均失明.未达阈值病变的ROP患儿定期随访,半年后病变消退.将ROP组与正常眼底组比较.单因素分析提示:ROP组的胎龄较正常眼底组低,(31.10±1.96)周比(33.21±1.73)周,差异有统计学意义(t=9.569.P<0.001);ROP组的出生体重较正常眼底组低,(1 508±312)g比(1 900±350)g,差异有统计学意义(t=9.859,P<0.001);ROP组的吸氧时间较正常眼底组长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).与正常眼底组相比,ROP组更多合并窒息、肺透明膜病、贫血(P<0.05).Logistic多元回归分析提示:胎龄小(OR=0.709,P<0.05)、体重低(OR=0.179,P<0.05)、吸氧时间>5 d(OR=5.474,P<0.001)是ROP的危险因素.结论 ROP的发生与多因素有关,出生体重越小、胎龄越小、氧疗时间越长ROP的危险性越大,防治ROP的关键在于早期进行眼底筛查和及时对阈值病变进行治疗.     

Screening for retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary care newborn unit in Turkey: frequency, outcomes, and risk factor analysis

PURPOSE: To report the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Data of neonates with a gestational age of 34 weeks or less were analyzed and the predictors on the development of ROP were determined by using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 318 neonates, the frequency of ROP was 37.1% for any stage and 7.2% for stage 3 or greater. Treatment was needed in 16.1% of neonates with ROP. No treatment was required in neonates with a gestational age of greater than 32 weeks. Oxygen therapy, sepsis, gestational age of 32 weeks or less, and birth weight of less than 1,250 g were determined as the independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Although frequency of ROP in Turkey is similar to that in the United States, the rate of severe ROP necessitating treatment seems to be higher in Turkey. Neonates with a gestational age of 32 weeks or less, a birth weight of less than 1,250 g, sepsis, and oxygen therapy may have a greater risk of developing ROP and screening should be intensified in the presence of these risk factors.     

Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in New Zealand.

The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity has been prospectively assessed in very low birthweight infants born in one year in New Zealand. A total of 26 (11%) surviving infants with birth weight 1000-1499 g had acute retinopathy. Forty one (49%) surviving infants with birth weight 500-999 g had acute retinopathy and of these six (7%) became bilaterally totally blind.     

Nutritional factors on retinopathy of prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity is a complication affecting very low birth weight infants; it is produced by numerous factors. We review nutritional and growth aspects associated with larger or lesser incidence and severity of retinopathy. This information would allow a better prediction of risk and, a clinical management to minimize visual damage.     

早产儿视网膜病变相关因素分析

目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)发病情况及相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2008年12月至2011年2月我院出生的1 356例体重2500 g以下或胎龄小于37周早产儿的临床资料,分为ROP组(n=208)和非ROP组(n=1148),分析全部早产儿自生后4～6周或矫正胎龄32周筛查眼底改变情况.结果 1356例早产儿中,208例发生ROP,发病率为15.34％,其中,严重病变36例(2.65％).与非ROP组相比,ROP组患儿在出生体重[(1 528 ±243)g vs(1 960±187)g]、胎龄[(30.92±0.72)周vs (32.87±1.28)周]、吸氧＞8d(123例vs 865例)、应用肺表面活性物质(18例vs 216例)、败血症(42例vs 154例)、宫内窘迫(63例vs 511例)、贫血(64例vs 237例)等方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).Logistic回归分析结果显示出生体重、胎龄、吸氧＞8d、败血症及应用肺表面活性物质是ROP发生的高危因素(P＜0.05).同时,不同出生体重、不同胎龄患儿ROP发病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 出生体重及胎龄越低,ROP发病率越高,病变程度越严重.婴儿出生的成熟度越低,ROP尤其是严重ROP发病可能性越高.     

Low gestational age and chronic lung disease are synergistic risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity

Aims

This retrospective, population based study was designed to investigate risk factors for development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and their possible interrelationships, in neonates of gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks born in a well-defined geographical region.

Study design—subjects

The study population included all preterm infants born alive with GA 24–32 weeks in Northwestern Greece during a 9-year period and hospitalised in the regional neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Outcome measurements

The association was assessed of the presence of ROP with maternal factors: age, pathology of pregnancy, in-vitro fertilisation, multiple gestation, mode of delivery, perinatal factors: gender, antenatal steroids, transportation, resuscitation, GA, birth weight (BW), small for GA status and postnatal morbidity: chronic lung disease (CLD), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), maximum O₂ needs, hypoxic/hyperoxic episodes, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), sepsis, using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of 189 infants without congenital anomalies born at GA 24–32 weeks ROP was diagnosed in 24 (12.7%) (> grade 2: 6). Logistic regression analysis showed ROP to be strongly associated with GA, odds ratio (OR) 2.1, confidence interval (CI) 1.3–3.3, p < 0.01 and CLD, OR 10.2, CI 2.3–44, p < 0.01, respectively, independent of confounding factors. By estimating interaction on an additive scale it was shown that the combined risk effect of GA and CLD was larger than the sum of the individual risk effects, implying synergistic effect.

Conclusions

ROP was closely and independently related to both low GA and the diagnosis of CLD, which were interrelated in the development of ROP.     

Incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Vietnam,a developing middle-income country

BACKGROUND: Although retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness, its impact in lower income countries is not well documented. The World Health Organization has proclaimed that infants at risk for ROP should have screening eye examinations and access to treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from January 1 through December 31, 2001, at Tu Du Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City for premature infants who weighed 1,500 g or less at birth or were 33 gestational weeks or younger. Serial examinations were used to classify ROP, and treatment outcomes were noted. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-five consecutive infants were included in the data analysis. Birth weights ranged from 900 to 2,000 g (mean, 1,512 g). Gestational ages ranged from 26 to 36 weeks (mean, 31 weeks). ROP was present in 103 (45.8%) of the 225 infants. In infants who weighed 1,250 g or less at birth, the ROP rate was 81.2% (26 of 32 infants). Threshold ROP was present in 9.3% of the 225 infants but in 25% of the 32 infants. Twenty-four eyes received treatment, whereas 16 lacked the family resources. Of the 24 treated eyes, 18 (75%) had a favorable outcome. Of the 16 untreated eyes, only 3 had a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: ROP incidence is high in Vietnam, similar to that in the United States. However, larger, older infants are at risk in Vietnam and the rate of severe ROP seems to be higher. This necessitates an ROP screening paradigm different from that currently used in the United States.     

Risk factors of threshold retinopathy of prematurity

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors which predispose to the development of threshold retinopathy of prematurity among patients of retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS: The ROP clinic records of a 3 year period were retrospectively studied to identify babies with threshold ROP (T-ROP) and sub-threshold ROP (ST-ROP). Various antenatal and perinatal risk factors, neonatal morbidity and therapeutic interventions were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Of the total of 108 babies, 55 had T-ROP and 53 had ST-ROP. On univariate analysis, packed cell transfusions for anemia, double volume exchange transfusions (DVET), number of DVET, ventilation, gestational age 相似文献   

Perinatal factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity

The etiology of retinopathy of prematurity appears to be multifactorial. Introduction of new treatments in neonatal care may add new risk factors. We have analyzed thc relationship between 42 perinatal factors and the development of retinopathy of prematurity in 78 infants with a birth weight < 1501 g and/or gestational age < 33 weeks. We have also applied a chronological analysis of the maximum and minimum pO₂ and pCO₂ values. Retinopathy of prematurity was seen in 37 of 78 infants (47.4%)). Nineteen factors were found to be related to the development of retinopathy of prematurity. However, when step-wise logistic regression analysis was used, only birth weight, number of days of oxygen therapy and use of beta-blocking agents by the mother before birth were found to be associated with the development of retinopathy or prematurity. The results suggest that medication with beta blockers immediately before birth should be used cautiously.     

Perinatal factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity

The etiology of retinopathy of prematurity appears to be multifactorial. Introduction of new treatments in neonatal care may add new risk factors. We have analyzed thc relationship between 42 perinatal factors and the development of retinopathy of prematurity in 78 infants with a birth weight < 1501 g and/or gestational age < 33 weeks. We have also applied a chronological analysis of the maximum and minimum pO₂ and pCO₂ values. Retinopathy of prematurity was seen in 37 of 78 infants (47.4%). Nineteen factors were found to be related to the development of retinopathy of prematurity. However, when step-wise logistic regression analysis was used, only birth weight, number of days of oxygen therapy and use of beta-blocking agents by the mother before birth were found to be associated with the development of retinopathy or prematurity. The results suggest that medication with beta blockers immediately before birth should be used cautiously.     

极低出生体质量儿视网膜病变筛查和高危因素分析

目的研究出生体质量≤1500g的早产儿视网膜病(ROP)发生率和临床高危因素,探讨预防小早产儿视网膜病的有效措施。方法回顾性分析2006年8月1日—2008年7月31日期间,在新生儿重症监护室住院的107例出生体质量≤1500g早产儿ROP筛查的结果,以发病组为观察组,非ROP为对照组,进行统计学分析。结果早产儿ROP的发生率为33.64%,Ⅰ期11例,Ⅱ期13例,Ⅲ期12例,检出时间为(245.36±12.85)d。妊娠并发症胎盘早剥和严重的早产儿并发症,增加了ROP的发病率;ROP的发生率与胎龄及出生体质量成反比,双胎及多胎妊娠不影响ROP的发生;对ROP的病因进行单因素分析发现,胎龄、出生体质量、抗生素使用时间、吸氧时间、血氧分压、肺表面活性物质的使用、支气管肺发育不良、机械通气、呼吸暂停与ROP有关(P<0.05);通过Logistic回归分析发现呼吸暂停、血氧分压和出生体质量是高危因素(P均<0.05)。结论呼吸暂停、血氧分压和出生体质量是ROP的高危因素,避免血氧波动有助于降低ROP的发生率。     

Regressed retinopathy of prematurity in children aged 5-8 years in Sivas, Turkey

In this present study regressed retinopathy of prematurity has been investigated in children born prematurely (< 2300 g birth weight and < 34 weeks gestational age) in Sivas, Turkey during January 1989-January 1992. At the age of 5-8 years, 55 children born prematurely were examined; eye fundus information could be obtained by indirect ophthalmoscopy in all of them. The frequency of regressed retinopathy of prematurity was 35.45 percent for the whole group. Severe forms with optic atrophy, dragged optic disk, vitreoretinal scarring, retinal traction and temporal avascular retina were seen in 13.63 percent of cases. Moderate forms with pigmentary changes, vitreoretinal interphase changes and lattice degeneration were seen in 21.81 percent of cases. While the severe and moderate regressed premature retinopathy findings in premature children with gestational ages of 30-34 weeks were observed to be 12.0 and 14.0 percent, respectively, those in the 25-29 week-gestational-aged premature children were determined to be 5.0 and 28.33 percent, respectively. Although the incidence of both severe and moderate regressed premature retinopathy was higher in the 25-29 week gestational-aged group when compared to that of the 30-34-week-gestational-aged group, the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, premature retinopathy should not only be followed up in the early stage with active changes but also later in infancy and childhood because of regressed premature retinopathy findings that may require treatment.     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查及相关因素分析

目的：分析我院早产儿视网膜病变( retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发病情况,探讨其相关因素。方法回顾性分析2013年9月至2014年9月我院新生儿科住院的182例早产儿(出生体重<2000 g或胎龄<37周)的临床资料。于生后第4~6周或纠正胎龄32周进行ROP筛查,并定期随访。结果182例早产儿中筛查出不同程度ROP患儿32例,占17.6％,其中单眼10例,双眼22例。ROP患儿平均出生胎龄为(29.3±1.5)周,平均出生体重为(1280±240)g,其中ROP 1期11例,2期5例,3期16例,附加病变5例,住院期间18例患儿行视网膜激光光凝手术,2例行Lucentis球内注射。ROP组患儿与非ROP组在出生体重、胎龄、吸氧、肺表面活性物质应用、感染、窒息、输血方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 Logistic回归分析显示胎龄、吸氧、机械通气、肺表面活性物质应用对ROP的发生有明显影响( P<0.05)。结论胎龄、出生体重、吸氧、呼吸暂停、感染等因素与ROP的发生有关,出生体重及胎龄越低,ROP发病率越高。     

Celiac disease in 87 children with typical and atypical symptoms in Black Sea region of Turkey

Background  

Celiac disease presents with a spectrum of clinical disorders. The variety of clinical presentations largely depends on age and extraintestinal findings. This study aimed to determine typical and atypical cases according to presenting symptoms and to evaluate their biochemical and pathological parameters.