Autophor cementless total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthrosis secondary to congenital hip dysplasia

The authors present a consecutive series of 38 arthroplasties for osteoarthrosis secondary to hip dysplasia. All arthroplasties were performed by a single surgeon using Mittelmeier II (Autophor, Osteo AG, Selzach, Switzerland) ceramic cementless components. Crowe grades of subluxation were 60% grade I, 16% grade II, 12% grade III, and 12% grade IV. In all cases, the acetabular component was seated in the true acetabulum. The mean follow-up period was 75 months (range, 40–122 months). By the time of review, six hips (16%) had required revision for aseptic loosening, mainly of the femoral component. Good or excellent results were achieved in only 63% of the patients. In the group of surviving arthroplasties, the median Charnley hip scores before surgery were: pain, 2; movement, 3; and walking, 3. After surgery, the scores were: pain, 5; movement, 5; and walking, 6. All improvements were significant. The mean postoperative Harris hip score was 84. Poor scores were associated with contralateral hip disease (2 cases) and spina bifida (2 cases), significantly affecting function. The Autophor prosthesis can produce satisfactory results in some of these young patients with hip dysplasia. However, femoral loosening is a major problem and because of this, the authors have since changed to a newer stem design.     

Survival outcomes of cemented compared to uncemented stems in primary total hip replacement

Total hip replacement (THR) is a successful and reliable operation for both relieving pain and improving function in patients who are disabled with end stage arthritis. The ageing population is predicted to significantly increase the requirement for THR in patients who have a higher functional demand than those of the past. Uncemented THR was introduced to improve the long term results and in particular the results in younger, higher functioning patients. There has been controversy about the value of uncemented compared to cemented THR although there has been a world-wide trend towards uncemented fixation. Uncemented acetabular fixation has gained wide acceptance, as seen in the increasing number of hybrid THR in joint registries, but there remains debate about the best mode of femoral fixation. In this article we review the history and current world-wide registry data, with an in-depth analysis of the New Zealand Joint Registry, to determine the results of uncemented femoral fixation in an attempt to provide an evidence-based answer as to the value of this form of fixation.     

全髋关节置换术后复发性脱位的治疗

[目的]探讨全髋关节置换术后假体复发性脱位的原因及治疗方法。[方法]自1999年7月～2007年1月，共收治全髋关节置换术后假体脱位病人47例，其中复发性脱位13例。对该13例病人做CT及X线检查，了解假体是否松动及假体位置，分析脱位原因。利用稳定实验判断假体稳定情况。根据稳定情况及患者意愿，分别采取手法复位、假体部件调整及翻修治疗。[结果]13例患者均有假体位置异常，11髋稳定实验显示有异常。8例保守治疗中，5例手法复位后未再出现假体脱位；3例手法复位后仍出现脱位，每年脱位1～2次，患者认为可以接受。5例手术治疗中，4例通过组件调整而显示稳定，其中2例采用加长股骨头；1例调整防脱位内衬位置并采用加长股骨头；1例采用防脱位内衬及加长股骨头治疗。1例经部分假体组件调整治疗仍不稳定，更换髋臼和股骨假体。随访6个月～5年，平均2．7年，均未再出现假体脱位。[结论]假体位置异常是全髋关节置换术后假体复发性脱位的主要原因，稳定实验显示有不稳定。治疗应根据脱位原因、关节稳定情况及患者意愿选择不同的治疗方法。     

全髋关节置换术治疗先天性髋关节脱位

目的 :探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节脱位伴骨性关节炎的经验。方法 :从 1996年 9月～2 0 0 3年 2月 ,对 14例 (2 0髋 )成人先天性髋关节脱位伴骨性关节炎患者 ,进行了全髋关节置换。其中双侧 10例 ,单侧 4例。病人全是女性 ,平均年龄 45岁 (3 5～ 67岁 )。双侧全髋置换 6例 ,单侧 8例。结果 :术后伤口均一期愈合 ,随访 6个月～ 6年 ,平均 4年 8个月 ;平均Harris评分由术前的 3 2 43分恢复到术后 1年的 90 15分。截止目前无 1例翻修。术后 6个月 ,患者均能下地行走 ,生活自理且恢复日常工作。结论 :全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节脱位伴骨性关节炎的有效方法 ,但手术难度较大。对于此类病人 ,充分理解全髋置换的复杂性和细致周密的治疗方案是成功的关键。     

先天性髋关节脱位的全髋关节置换术

目的了解先天性髋关节脱位患者行全髋关节置换术后的中远期疗效。方法先天性髋关节脱位患者行全髋关节置换术32例36髋,随访28例31髋,随访时间平均9.5年(3.5~18年)。脱位分类:低位脱位或半脱位15髋,中位脱位11髋,高位脱位5髋。固定方法:髋臼侧,10髋为骨水泥固定,21髋为非骨水泥固定;股骨侧,12髋为骨水泥固定,19髋为非骨水泥固定。结果1例术中发生小转子劈裂,1例术后发生下肢静脉炎,3例两侧肢体不等长2cm以上,1例发生股动脉栓塞。4髋发生假体松动,1髋为大转子不愈合而松动,1髋为单纯假体柄松动,2髋为假体柄和髋臼假体均发生松动;其余27髋Harris评分为85分(术前48分)。结论先天性髋关节脱位的全髋关节置换术,手术相对比较复杂,并发症较多,手术中特别需要考虑两侧肢体的长度、外展肌的平衡、软组织的松解、髋臼骨缺损的处理及假体的选择。     

Total hip replacement in congenital dislocation and dysplasia of the hip.

The results of thirty-one total hip replacements in twenty-four patients with either severe congenital dysplasia or dislocation, after an average follow-up of four years, were excellent in eleven, good in sixteen, fair in one, and poor in one.The operative technique included superolateral bone grafts to increase the acetabular coverage in six hips. Twenty-seven hips required smaller and straighter femoral components than normal. The incidence of major complications was 19 per cent.     

先天性髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的外科治疗

目的 探讨Zweymuller 型人工全髋关节假体置换治疗先天性髋臼发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎的有效性。方法 应用Zweymuller型人工全髋关节假体,对29例32个先天性髋臼发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换（THR）。患者全部为女性,单侧26例,双侧3例。Perner分型度17例,19个髋,Ⅱ度7例,7个,Ⅲ度4例,5个髋,Ⅳ度1例,1个髋。平均随访27．5个月,术前Harris评分最高59分,最低25分,平均44．5分.结果所有患者髋关节疼痛完全消失,关节活动度增加,Harris评分最高97分,最低63分,平均85分。结论 特殊设计的Zweymuller型人工全髋关节假体置换初期稳定,手术不需大块植骨和骨水泥,初期随访效果满意。     

Treatment of femoral neck fractures with total hip replacement versus cemented and noncemented hemiarthroplasty

A prospective study of displaced femoral neck fractures was conducted with patients randomized into three groups: cemented total hip replacement (THR), cemented hemiarthroplasty (UHR-C), and noncemented hemiarthroplasty (UHR-NC). Eighty-nine patients were treated for displaced (Garden type 3 or 4) fracture with a prosthesis; 39 patients had THR, 37 had UHR-C, and 13 had UHR-NC. No difference was found in the level of pain, ambulation, or aids required between the THR group and the UHR-C group, except for active community ambulators, who demonstrated decreased endurance capability when treated with UHR-C. The patients treated with UHR-NC had increased pain and decreased ambulation and required assistive devices. The most significant complication was dislocation, which occurred in 7 patients with THR and 2 with UHR-C. The mortality rate at 2 years was 18%; all but two of the deaths were in patients with one of five different medical diseases: clinically significant cardiac or pulmonary disease, cancer, alcoholism, or psychosis. The mortality rate was insignificant in patients younger than 70 years of age. Roentgenographic review showed only 2 of 76 cemented stems with progressive cement-bone demarcation, with one patient requiring revision for a loose prosthesis. No evidence of protrusio was seen with the use of the bipolar cap. The uncemented hemiarthroplasties demonstrated lucency between the metal and bone in the proximal femur in 9 of 13 stems. The authors make recommendations regarding hip replacement.     

髋关节置换术后假体脱位的预防

查阅近年来关于全髋关节置换术后假体脱位的原因和预防措施研究的国内外相关文献,进行回顾及综合分析.术前对病人做详细的评估、选择合适的假体;术中提高假体位置安放的准确性、术后避免容易导致脱位的活动范围可以减少术后假体脱位的发生率.通过详细的术前、术中和术后处理可以降低术后假体脱位的发生率.     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with high congenital hip dislocation

BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical treatment for patients with high congenital dislocation of the hip remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the mid-term to long-term results of cementless total hip arthroplasty in such patients. METHODS: The study included sixty-eight total hip replacements performed between 1989 and 1994 in fifty-six consecutive patients with high congenital hip dislocation at our hospital. The cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum, and a shortening osteotomy of the proximal part of the femur and distal advancement of the greater trochanter were performed in 90% of the hips. At the time of final follow-up, at a mean of 12.3 years postoperatively, fifty-two patients (sixty-four hips) were evaluated by us with a physical examination, determination of Harris hip scores, and radiographs. RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score increased from 54 points preoperatively to 84 points at the time of final follow-up (p < 0.001). There was a negative Trendelenburg sign in fifty-nine (92%) of the sixty-four hips. There were thirteen perioperative complications (19%): three peroneal nerve palsies, one femoral nerve palsy, one superior gluteal nerve palsy, four nondisplaced fractures of the proximal part of the femur, one malpositioned stem perforating the posteromedial cortex of the femur, one superficial wound infection, and two early dislocations. With revision because of aseptic loosening as the end point, the ten-year survival rate for press-fit, porous-coated acetabular components was 94.9% (95% confidence interval, 89.3% to 100%). Eight of nine threaded acetabular components were revised, and the ninth was radiographically loose at the time of the last follow-up examination. The rate of survival for the CDH femoral components, with revision because of aseptic loosening as the end point, was 98.4% (95% confidence interval, 96.8% to 100%) at ten years. CONCLUSIONS: Total hip arthroplasty, with placement of the cup at the level of the true acetabulum, distal advancement of the greater trochanter, and femoral shortening osteotomy, can be recommended for patients with high congenital hip dislocation. Complications such as wear, osteolysis, and cup revision were secondary to the suboptimal design of the acetabular components used in this series.     

Recurrent dislocation after total hip replacement. Treatment by fixing an additional sector to the acetabular component

Six patients with recurrent dislocation after total hip replacement have been treated by fixing an additional sector to the acetabular component. Muscle imbalance or unsatisfactory positioning of the prosthetic components (or both) had caused the dislocations in five patients. In the sixth, a schizophrenic, the dislocations were due to the positions in which the patient placed his limb. At operation a sector was cut from another acetabular prosthesis and screwed on to the previously inserted acetabular component in such a position as to prevent further dislocation. This method has been successful and seems a simple alternative to exchange arthroplasty.