地佐辛复合舒芬太尼用于术后镇痛的协同作用

目的：评价地佐辛复合舒芬太尼用于术后镇痛的协同作用。方法：选择80例择期腹部手术患者,随机分为：S组：舒芬太尼2μg/kg与昂丹斯琼8mg,加入到生理盐水注射液至100mL;D组：舒芬太尼1μg/kg、地佐辛0.4mg/kg与昂丹斯琼8mg,加入到生理盐水注射液至100mL。选择负荷剂量加维持剂量接微泵连续给药方式行静脉镇痛,持续给药速度为2mL/h,单次PCA剂量为lmL,锁定时间15min。结果：两组的镇痛评分、镇静评分、各时段按压次数和有效按压次数比较无差异,总体满意率亦无显著差异性,恶心呕吐、尿潴留等不良反应发生率亦无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：地佐辛与舒芬太尼用于术后静脉自控镇痛,其协同作用良好。     

舒芬太尼联合地佐辛在肩胛骨骨折术后镇痛中的应用体会

目的观察舒芬太尼联合地佐辛在肩胛骨骨折术后镇痛中的应用效果。方法选取90例气管插管全凭静脉麻醉下择期行肩胛骨骨折手术治疗的患者,术后均行PCIA。根据镇痛方案分成3组,每组30例。S组:舒芬太尼3μg/kg+盐酸昂丹司琼0.2 mg/kg。D组:地佐辛0.8 mg/kg+盐酸昂丹司琼0.2 mg/kg。SD组:舒芬太尼1.5μg/kg+地佐辛0.3 mg/kg+盐酸昂丹司琼0.2 mg/kg。3组均用0.9%生理盐水稀释至200 m L,持续静脉泵注,持续给药量为4 m L/h,单次PCIA剂量为1 m L,锁定时间为15 min。观察并记录3组患者术后2、6、12、24、48 h的VAS疼痛评分,Ramsay镇静评分,术后24 h内PCA按压次数,不良反应的发生情况。结果 3组术后各时点的VAS疼痛评分和术后24 h内PCA按压次数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与S组和D组相比,术后SD组的VAS及Ramsay镇静评分低,不良反应发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与单用舒芬太尼或地佐辛相比,舒芬太尼联合地佐辛用于肩胛骨骨折术后镇痛,镇痛效果好、不良反应发生率低。     

小剂量艾司氯胺酮复合舒芬太尼在脊柱矫形术后持续静脉镇痛中的应用

目的 探讨小剂量艾司氯胺酮复合舒芬太尼在脊柱矫形术后持续静脉镇痛中的应用效果。
方法 选择2020年6月至2021年6月择期行脊柱矫形术患者36例,男18例,女18例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 17～29 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级。采用完全随机设计法将患者分为两组：艾司氯胺酮复合舒芬太尼组（ES组）和单纯舒芬太尼组（S组）,每组18例。ES组静注艾司氯胺酮0.25 mg/kg复合舒芬太尼1.5 μg/kg行PCIA,S组静注舒芬太尼2 μg/kg行PCIA。记录术后2、4、8、12、24、48、72 h静息和活动时NRS评分和Ramsay镇静评分。记录PCIA总按压次数、有效按压次数、PCIA中舒芬太尼总用量。记录术后住院时间、术后0～24、24～48、48～72 h头晕、恶心呕吐、尿潴留等不良反应发生情况。
结果 与S组比较,ES组术后2、4、8、12、24、48、72 h静息和活动时NRS评分明显降低（P＜0.05）,术后2、4、8、12 h Ramsay镇静评分明显升高（P＜0.05）,PCIA总按压次数、有效按压次数、PCIA中舒芬太尼总用量明显减少（P＜0.05）,术后0～24 h恶心呕吐发生率明显降低（P＜0.05）。
结论 小剂量艾司氯胺酮复合舒芬太尼用于脊柱矫形术后可以提供更好的镇痛、镇静作用,减少持续静脉镇痛舒芬太尼总用量,降低术后恶心呕吐发生率。     

地佐辛联合舒芬太尼在上腹部及髋关节置换术后镇痛的临床研究

目的观察地佐辛联合舒芬太尼在上腹部及髋关节手术术后的镇痛效果及不良反应,并探讨其潜在的机制。方法择期行上腹部或髋关节手术患者100例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机数字法分为地佐辛0.6 mg/kg组(D组)、地佐辛0.3 mg/kg+舒芬太尼1 μg/kg组(DS1组)、地佐辛0.3 mg/kg+舒芬太尼1.5 μg/kg组(DS2组)和地佐辛0.3mg/kg+舒芬太尼2μg/kg组(DS3组),每组25例。所有患者接受全凭静脉麻醉,术中采用瑞芬太尼6~8 μg·kg-1·h-1镇痛,缝皮时停药后缓慢注射舒芬太尼5 μg。分别记录患者术后1 h(T1)、4 h(T2)、8 h(T3)、12 h(T4)、24 h(T5)、36 h(T6)、48 h(T7)安静与90°翻身运动时的疼痛VAS评分,Ramsay镇静评分,补救镇痛用药总量及例数,并记录患者不良反应等。结果与其他三组比较,DS1组药物使用总量和补救镇痛例数明显增多(P0.05)。四组患者术后不同时点Ramsay镇静和运动时疼痛VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义。T1~T3时DS1组患者疼痛VAS评分明显高于DS3组(P0.05)。DS3组恶心和出汗发生率明显高于其他三组(P0.05),D组躁动发生率较高,其他不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论地佐辛联合舒芬太尼可安全用于上腹部手术及髋关节手术术后镇痛,在地佐辛0.3 mg/kg联合舒芬太尼1.5 μg/kg时镇痛效果好且不良反应小。     

地佐辛用于老年患者术后自控静脉镇痛的临床研究

目的研究地佐辛用于骨科手术老年患者术后自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的临床疗效。方法 80例老年骨科手术患者,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机均分为地佐辛组(D组)和舒芬太尼组(S组)。D组选用地佐辛40mg+生理盐水至100ml;S组选用舒芬太尼100μg+生理盐水至100ml。均采用PCA泵(100ml)以LCP模式(负荷剂量3ml+持续剂量2ml/h+PCA每次0.5ml)进行镇痛。观察术后4、8、20、24和48h患者VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分,记录术后48h内患者有效PCA按压次数。结果综合镇痛质量,D组与S组差异无统计学意义;D组恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、嗜睡、呼吸抑制、低血压等发生率明显低于S组(P<0.01)。结论地佐辛、舒芬太尼PCIA用于老年骨科手术患者术后镇痛均可获得满意的效果,地佐辛较舒芬太尼的不良反应少,似乎适合老年骨科手术患者术后自控静脉镇痛。     

丙帕他莫复合舒芬太尼用于妇科腹腔镜术后静脉自控镇痛的效果

目的观察丙帕他莫复合舒芬太尼用于妇科腹腔镜术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)的镇痛效果及安全性。方法 60例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者,随机均分为两组:丙帕他莫复合舒芬太尼组(PS组):丙帕他莫8 g+舒芬太尼1μg/kg+生理盐水总量100 ml;舒芬太尼组(S组):舒芬太尼2μg/kg+生理盐水总量100 ml。两组镇痛液负荷量5 ml,PCIA镇痛泵维持量2ml/h,追加量0.5 ml,锁定时间15 min。记录术后4、8、12、24和48 h疼痛VAS评分、镇静Ramsay评分及镇痛期间不良反应发生率。结果 PS组与S组术后各时点VAS评分均<2分,两组间差异无统计学意义;S组术后4、8、12 h Ramsay评分明显高于PS组(P<0.05)。镇痛期间不良反应发生率PS组低于S组(P<0.05)。结论丙帕他莫复合舒芬太尼用于妇科腹腔镜术后PCIA镇痛效果确切,不良反应发生率低。     

地佐辛复合舒芬太尼用于剖宫产术后的镇痛效果观察

目的观察地佐辛复合舒芬太尼用于剖宫产术后的镇痛效果。方法将腰-硬膜外联合阻滞(ECSA)麻醉的72例足月单胎择期剖宫产的产妇随机分为2组,每组36例,术后均采用PCEA。S组镇痛泵药液为舒芬太尼2μg/kg+托烷司琼4 mg+0.9%氯化钠注射液。DS组为地佐辛0.3 mg/kg+舒芬太尼1μg/kg+左旋布比卡因3 mg/kg。2组药液均用生理盐水稀释至100 m L。观察并记录2组患者术后2 h、12 h、24 g、48 h的疼痛评分及术后镇痛期间恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制、尿储留等不良反应情况。结果 2组术后疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但DS组不良反应发生率明显低于S组(P0.05)。结论地佐辛复合舒芬太尼应用于剖宫产术后镇痛,效果良好,不良反应少。     

地佐辛复合氟比洛芬酯用于上腹部手术术后镇痛的多中心临床研究

目的观察地佐辛联合氟比洛芬酯用于上腹部手术术后镇痛的有效性及安全性。方法本研究为多中心、前瞻、随机、单盲和对照临床研究。择期行上腹部手术患者216例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,计算机信封法随机均分为地佐辛组(D组)和舒芬太尼组(S组)。D组于手术结束前30 min缓慢静注地佐辛5 mg+氟比洛芬酯50 mg,继之用生理盐水将地佐辛25 mg+氟比洛芬酯250 mg配制成100 ml,以2 ml/h的速率持续静脉输注48 h;S组于手术结束前30min缓慢推注舒芬太尼3μg,此后用生理盐水将3μg/kg的舒芬太尼配制成100 ml持续泵注。分别记录患者术后1、4、8、12、24、36、48 h安静和90°翻身活动时的疼痛VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分、镇痛泵按压次数、副作用等。结果两组术后各时点安静状态VAS评分及Ramsay镇静评分差异均无统计学意义,90°翻身活动时D组各时点VAS评分均低于S组(P<0.05)。出汗、恶心和寒战发生率D组明显低于S组(P<0.05)。结论与单用舒芬太尼比较,地佐辛联合氟比洛芬酯对术后运动痛有较好的疗效,且副作用少。     

不同剂量喷他佐辛用于全麻诱导气管插管反应

目的 对比研究喷他佐辛不同剂量与舒芬太尼用于全麻诱导的气管插管反应.方法 选择腹腔镜手术患者100例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为四组:Ⅰ组喷他佐辛0.5 mg/kg,Ⅱ组喷他佐辛0.75 mg/kg,Ⅲ组喷他佐辛1.0 mg/kg,Ⅳ组为舒芬太尼0.4 μg/kg,各组药物分别静注4min后行全麻诱导.诱导后四组BIS值降到60以下时行气管插管.观察记录诱导前(T1)、诱导后3min(T2)、插管即刻(T3)、插管后3 min(T4)的BIS值、MAP、HR、SpO2的变化.结果 四组患者T2～T4时BIS均明显低于T1时(P<0.05).T3时Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的MAP明显高于、HR明显快于T1时和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);T3时Ⅰ组MAP明显高于、HR明显快于Ⅲ组(P<0.05).结论 1.0 mg/kg喷他佐辛用于全麻气管插管诱导期间血流动力学较0.5 mg/kg稳定,但不如舒芬太尼0.4 μg/kg稳定.     

地佐辛复合舒芬太尼患者自控静脉镇痛对腹腔镜肝癌切除术后疼痛和炎症反应的影响

目的观察地佐辛复合舒芬太尼患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)对腹腔镜肝癌切除术后疼痛和炎症反应的影响。方法选择择期行腹腔镜下肝癌切除术患者60例,男43例,女17例,年龄18~60岁,体重50~80kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为舒芬太尼组(S组)和地佐辛复合舒芬太尼组(DS组),每组30例。术毕使用PCIA,S组配方为舒芬太尼2.0μg/kg加托烷司琼5mg加生理盐水配至100ml,DS组配方为地佐辛0.5mg/kg加舒芬太尼2.0μg/kg加托烷司琼5mg加生理盐水配至100 ml。记录术后4、24、48h患者VAS评分、数字镇静评分(numeric sedation scale,NSS)以及术后48h的患者满意度评分。于麻醉诱导前、术毕和术后4、24、48h采集患者颈内静脉血,采用ELISA法检测血清中TNF-α、IL-2和IL-6的浓度。记录患者术后48h内的PCIA泵按压次数及不良反应发生情况。结果术后4、24、48hDS组VAS评分明显低于S组(P0.05);DS组患者满意度评分明显高于S组[(3.9±0.4)分vs.(2.0±0.5)分](P0.05)。两组患者各时点NSS评分差异无统计学意义。与麻醉诱导前比较,术后4、24、48h两组TNF-α和IL-6浓度明显升高,IL-2浓度明显降低(P0.05);术后24、48hDS组TNF-α、IL-6浓度明显低于S组,IL-2浓度明显高于S组(P0.05)。术后48h内DS组PCIA泵按压次数明显少于S组[(2.0±0.7)次vs.(7.2±1.3)次](P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论地佐辛0.5mg/kg复合舒芬太尼2.0μg/kg患者自控静脉镇痛可提供安全有效的镇痛,并可减轻腹腔镜肝癌切除术后炎症反应。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.