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1.
Background
Enjoyment in school-based physical activity (PA) programs, such as recess or physical education may be important for promoting children's health, but there is a lack of evidence explaining how enjoyment affects health in children with disabilities.Hypotheses
Enjoyment in school-based PA programs will positively influence general health through participating in more daily PA, and this relationship will vary between younger and older children with disabilities.Methods
We conducted secondary analysis of data from the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey. The sample included 241 children with disabilities (age 5–15 years; 129 boys and 112 girls) identified using three criteria: (a) having an impairment, health problem and mobility limitations; (b) needing special equipment; or (c) receiving special education services. Variables extracted were the number of days per week participating for at least 60 min in PA a day; general perceived health; enjoyment in school recess (for ages 5–11 y) or physical education (for ages 12–15 y). Mediation analysis was conducted to test the research hypotheses.Results
Daily PA participation significantly mediated the relationship between enjoyment in physical education/recess and general health. Children who enjoyed physical education or recess more participated in PA, and those who spent more days being physical active were healthier than their counterparts. However, this mediating relationship, when divided by age groups, was shown for only older group (ages 12–15 y) that received physical education.Conclusions
Physical educators should provide enjoyable PA opportunities during physical education classes for students with disabilities for promoting their health. 相似文献2.
Background
Many young adults, specifically those with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), do not meet the national physical activity (PA) guidelines. One way to address this problem may be to examine the factors that motivate individuals to engage in PA. However, the majority of current literature does not consider the unique characteristics of individuals with ASD, which may influence their motivation.Objective
The purpose of this research was to examine Self-Determination Theory predictors for PA for young adults with ASD.Methods
Respondents included 143 young adults with ASD who completed a survey pertaining to their motivational process to engage in physical activity, based on self-determination theory variables.Results
Goodness of fit indices reported from a path analysis suggests the current data closely align with the self-determination theory (χ2 (3, N?=?143)?=?11.99, p?>?.01, GFI?=?0.97, NFI?=?0.95, CFI?=?. 96, RMSEA?=?0.15). The three basic psychological needs explained 39% of the variance within respondents' self-determined motivation, and self-determined motivation explained 8% of the variance in PA levels.Conclusions
These findings support utilizing the self-determination theory within health promotion efforts for young adults with ASD. Practitioners should focus on enhancing the perceived basic psychological needs of young adults within physical activity settings. 相似文献3.
4.
Adam Whitworth 《Disability and health journal》2018,11(4):568-575
Background
Health-related unemployment is a major issue across advanced economies. Modified versions of well-evidenced Individual Placement and Support (IPS) models of employment support for health cohorts offer considerable potential. A significant gap currently however is the lack of evidence around their financial return on investment.Objective/Hypothesis
To provide robust financial return on investment estimates for analytically derived alternative specifications of modified IPS services for the first time in the literature, sensitivity tested across various levels of performance.Methods
Brings together modelled cost and savings estimates based on best available evidence to deliver modelled return on investment estimates.Results
The modelled estimates show that well-designed modified IPS services can deliver financial savings whilst tackling health-related unemployment, even at higher average unit costs than are typically considered viable in some national contexts.Conclusions
Modified IPS services offer a viable route to delivering enhanced employment outcomes for individuals with health conditions and disabilities and financial savings for governments. 相似文献5.
Background
Previous literature suggests that individuals with disabilities have increased rates of obesity and decreased participation in physical activity contributing to overall higher incidence of secondary health conditions compared to the general population without disabilities.Objective/hypothesis
The purpose of this research study was to examine the differences in physical activity rates for college students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Learning Disabilities (LD).Methods
A secondary analysis was utilized to examine differences in physical activity rates based on disability, gender, and factors influencing participation in physical activity. The 2011 Fall National College Health Assessment was used as the reference group with a sample of 27,774 students. Multiple independent samples t-tests were utilized in this research.Results
The results of this study indicated that physical activity for college students with disabilities does not have significant variations compared to those without disabilities. However, gender influences participation in physical activity for this population.Conclusions
This research helps in narrowing the research gap in this topic through analysis of the college population with ADHD and LD. This paper concludes with implications that could benefit the health status of this population. 相似文献6.
Mónica Pinilla-Roncancio 《Disability and health journal》2018,11(3):398-404
Background
Disability and poverty are interconnected and although this relationship has been recognised, there is a lack of empirical evidence to support any possible causal relationship in this topic, particularly in the context of Latin America (LA).Hypothesis
This study tests the hypothesis “Disability increases the risk of multidimensional poverty of people living with disabilities and their families”.Methods
Using national census data from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico, the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (Global MPI) was calculated with the aim of measuring and comparing the levels of multidimensional poverty of people living in households with and without disabled members in the five countries.Results
We found that in the five countries people with disabilities and their families had higher incidence, intensity and levels of multidimensional poverty compared with people living in other households. Their levels of deprivation were also higher for all the indicators included in the Global MPI and the contribution of this group to the national MPI was higher than their share of the population, thus people with disabilities and their families are overrepresented in those living in multidimensional poverty.Conclusions
People with disabilities and their families are in worse conditions than poor households without disabled members and social policies should aim to reduce their high levels of multidimensional poverty and deprivation. 相似文献7.
Background
According to prior studies, it is possible to consider the emergency care utilization due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) as a proxy measure of access to primary care but there was no confirmed study among people with disabilities.Objective/Hypothesis
We examined overall emergency department (ED) utilization patterns among people with disabilities compared with the general population and estimated factors affecting ED utilization. Additionally, we examined whether there were any differences in ED visits due to ACSCs according to type and severity of disability.Methods
The nationally representative Korean Health Panel Survey was used. Data from 14,616 individuals who participated in the survey from 2008 to 2012 were analyzed. The frequency and causes of emergency visits were examined between individuals with and without disabilities. A generalized regression model with Poisson distribution was applied to identify factors that affect ED visits.Results
In 2012, people with disabilities were about two times as likely to visit the ED compared to people without disabilities, and people with external disability represented the largest proportion of people with disabilities. According to generalized linear model, disability was a strong predictor of ED visits, along with lower education level, being elderly, having a chronic disease, and being less healthy. Overall, ED visits due to ACSCs were about three times higher in the disabled group than in the non-disabled group.Conclusions
Public health authorities should consider strengthening the primary care system to avoid unnecessary and preventable ED utilization among all Korean people, including people with disabilities. 相似文献8.
Background
Enhanced methods of evaluation are necessary to identify community-based exercise interventions that promote physical activity and improve health and participation for individuals with disabilities. The heterogeneity of the populations served, interventions implemented, and outcome measures used remains a barrier to effectively evaluate programs and generate evidence to inform best practice.Objective
To explore goals and benefits of community-based exercise for individuals with disabilities and determine barriers and facilitators to evaluation in a community setting.Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with exercise participants and staff of a community-based exercise program for individuals with disabilities. We then coded responses to interview questions for themes using thematic analysis or deductive content analysis, with codes linked to categories within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).Results
Identified goals and benefits spanned the ICF domains of Body Functions and Activities and Participation. Commonly cited goals and benefits included improving strength and endurance, general health, self-efficacy, community participation, and the importance of returning to exercise. Barriers and facilitators to evaluation identified by staff included maintaining a balance between evaluation and services, negative attitudes toward evaluation, access to data, and consistency with scheduling.Conclusions
These results can be used to enhance evaluation within community-based exercise programs for individuals with disabilities, which may improve both the quality and impact of these programs. 相似文献9.
Background
Rates of morbid obesity are higher for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Individuals with ID may find nutritional guidelines difficult to follow and many face personal and environmental barriers for physical activity. Bariatric surgery may reduce obesity related health comorbidities while promoting sustained weight loss in diverse populations. Yet no study has reviewed the feasibility of conducting bariatric surgery on individuals with ID.Objectives
To conduct a scoping review of literature on bariatric procedures performed on individuals with ID.Methods
Authors searched electronic database via PubMED, Science Direct, Wiley and Medline (1975–2014). Extracted articles were evaluated independently following scoping reviews guidelines.Results
Reviewers included sixteen studies. Nine surgical interventions were reported on 49 patients with ID. Studies followed either case report or case series design. The most common procedure patients received was biliopancreatic diversion (n = 24) followed by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (n = 12). Degree of weight loss was the primary outcome in each study. Excess weight loss (%EWL) ranged from 12% to 86%. Further benefits included improved quality of life, decreased psychological tension within family and resolution of sleep apnea, hypertension, respiratory distress and type II diabetes. Six studies included a post-operative follow-up period below two years.Conclusions
Bariatric surgery may be a viable option to treat obesity in individuals with ID but there is no consensus which procedure is preferred and which associated interventions should be in place to warrant long lasting results. Further research featuring randomized control trials may be beneficial. 相似文献10.
11.
Marlene B. Schwartz Kathryn E. Henderson Margaret Read Talea Cornelius 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(5):857-864
Background
Previous studies document decreases in lunchtime milk consumption immediately after flavored milk is removed. Less is known about longer-term effects.Objective
Plain milk selection and consumption were measured the first year flavored milk was removed in a school district (2010 to 2011 [Time 1]) and 2 years later (2012 to 2013 [Time 2]). Four behavioral economic interventions to promote milk were tested in one school at Time 2.Design
This was a longitudinal, observational study.Participants/Setting
Participants were kindergarten through grade 8 students in two schools in an urban district. Primary data were collected 10 times per school year at Time 1 and Time 2, yielding 40 days of data and 13,883 student observations. The milk promotion interventions were tested on 6 additional days.Main outcome measures
Outcomes were the percentage of students selecting milk at lunch, the ounces of milk consumed per carton, and the ounces of milk consumed school-wide per student.Statistical analyses
Logistic regressions were used to assess how sex, grade, time, availability of 100% juice, and behavioral interventions affected milk selection and consumption.Results
At Time One, 51.5% of students selected milk and drank 4 oz (standard deviation=3.2 oz) per carton, indicating school-wide per-student consumption of 2.1 oz (standard deviation=3.0 oz). At Time Two, 72% of students selected milk and consumed 3.4 oz per carton (standard deviation=3.2 oz), significantly increasing the school-wide per-student consumption to 2.5 oz (standard deviation=3.1 oz). Older students and boys consumed significantly more milk. Availability of 100% fruit juice was associated with a 16–percentage point decrease in milk selection. None of the behavioral economic interventions significantly influenced selection.Conclusions
These data suggest that after flavored milk is removed from school cafeterias, school-wide per-student consumption of plain milk increases over time. In addition, the presence of 100% juice is associated with lower milk selection. 相似文献12.
Michelle Blumenschine Marc Adams Meg Bruening 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(3):448-454
Background
Rural children consume more calories per day on average than urban children, and they are less likely to consume fruit. Self-service salad bars have been proposed as an effective approach to better meet the National School Lunch Program’s fruit and vegetable recommendations. No studies have examined how rural and urban schools differ in the implementation of school salad bars.Objective
To compare the prevalence of school-lunch salad bars and differences in implementation between urban and rural Arizona schools.Design
Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional web-based survey.Participants/setting
School nutrition managers (N=596) in the state of Arizona.Main outcomes measured
National Center for Education Statistics locale codes defined rural and urban classifications. Barriers to salad bar implementation were examined among schools that have never had, once had, and currently have a school salad bar. Promotional practices were examined among schools that once had and currently have a school salad bar.Statistical analyses performed
Generalized estimating equation models were used to compare urban and rural differences in presence and implementation of salad bars, adjusting for school-level demographics and the clustering of schools within districts.Results
After adjustment, the prevalence of salad bars did not differ between urban and rural schools (46.9%±4.3% vs 46.8%±8.5%, respectively). Rural schools without salad bars more often reported perceived food waste and cost of produce as barriers to implementing salad bars, and funding was a necessary resource for offering a salad bar in the future, as compared with urban schools (P<0.05). No other geographic differences were observed in reported salad bar promotion, challenges, or resources among schools that currently have or once had a salad bar.Conclusions
After adjustment, salad bar prevalence, implementation practices, and concerns are similar across geographic settings. Future research is needed to investigate methods to address cost and food waste concerns in rural areas. 相似文献13.
Hiroyuki Shimada Hyuma Makizako Takehiko Doi Hyuntae Park Kota Tsutsumimoto Joe Verghese Takao Suzuki 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2018,19(7):584-591
Importance
Although participation in physical and cognitive activities is encouraged to reduce the risk of dementia, the preventive efficacy of these activities for patients with mild cognitive impairment is unestablished.Objective
To compare the cognitive and mobility effects of a 40-week program of combined cognitive and physical activity with those of a health education program.Design
A randomized, parallel, single-blind controlled trial.Setting
A population-based study of participants recruited from Obu, a residential suburb of Nagoya, Japan.Participants
Between August 2011 and February 2012, we evaluated 945 adults 65?years or older with mild cognitive impairment, enrolled 308, and randomly assigned them to the combined activity group (n?=?154) or the health education control group (n?=?154).Interventions
The combined activity program involved weekly 90-minute sessions for 40?weeks focused on physical and cognitive activities. The control group attended 90-minute health promotion classes thrice during the 40-week trial period.Measurement
The outcome measures were assessed at the study's beginning and end by personnel blinded to mild cognitive impairment subtype and group. The primary endpoints were postintervention changes in scores on (1) the Mini-Mental State Examination as a measure of general cognitive status and memory, (2) the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised–Logical Memory II, and (3) the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. We applied mobility assessments and assessed brain atrophy with magnetic resonance imaging.Results
Compared with the control group, the combined activity group showed significantly greater scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (difference?=?0.8 points, P?=?.012) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised–Logical Memory II (difference?=?1.0, P?=?.004), significant improvements in mobility and the nonmemory domains and reduced left medial temporal lobe atrophy in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (Z-score difference?=??31.3, P?<?.05).Conclusion
Combined physical and cognitive activity improves or maintains cognitive and physical performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, especially the amnestic type. 相似文献14.
15.
Véronique Bissonnette-Maheux Audrée-Anne Dumas Véronique Provencher Annie Lapointe Marilyn Dugrenier Sharon Straus Marie-Pierre Gagnon Sophie Desroches 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(7):1220-1227.e3
Background
Healthy eating blogs are knowledge translation tools used by nutrition and dietetics practitioners for helping people improve their health behaviors and food choices.Objective
Our aim was to explore women’s perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of healthy eating blog (HEB) characteristics that might increase potential users’ intention to use them as tools to improve their dietary habits.Design
We conducted qualitative research using semi-structured individual interviews.Participants
Thirty-three women (mean age of 44 years; range=27 to 61 years) living in the Quebec City, Canada, metropolitan area were studied.Intervention
Four existing HEBs, written by French-Canadian registered dietitians (RDs) whose main objective was the promotion of a healthy diet, were explored by women during individual interviews. A standardized open-ended interview questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model was used to identify women's perceptions about characteristics of type of blog content delivery, RD blogger's delivery of information, blog layout, and blog design.Main outcome measures
Women's perceptions toward the contribution of HEB characteristics to the usefulness and ease of use of those tools to improve their dietary habits were measured.Analyses performed
Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed through an inductive content analysis using NVivo software.Results
The most useful characteristics of type of blog content delivery identified by women were recipes, hyperlinks, and references. Among characteristics of RD blogger's delivery of information, most women reported that interaction between blog readers and the RD blogger created a sense of proximity and of connection that was helpful for improving their dietary behaviors. Women's perceptions toward various characteristics of blog layout and design were also discussed.Conclusions
Incorporating specific characteristics when designing HEBs should be considered by RDs and future research to promote the use of those tools to support dietary behavior change efforts of internet users. 相似文献16.
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18.
Rebekka M. Lee Catherine M. Giles Angie L. Cradock Karen M. Emmons Cassandra Okechukwu Erica L. Kenney J. Thayer Steven L. Gortmaker 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(8):1425-1437
Background
Afterschool interventions have been found to improve the nutritional quality of snacks served. However, there is limited evidence on how these interventions affect children’s snacking behaviors.Objective
Our aim was to determine the impact of an afterschool intervention focused at the school district, site, family, and child levels on dietary consumption of foods and beverages served at snack.Design
This was a secondary analysis of a group-randomized controlled trial.Participants/setting
Data were collected from 400 children at 20 afterschool sites in Boston, MA before (fall 2010) and after (spring 2011) intervention implementation.Intervention
The Out-of-School Nutrition and Physical Activity intervention aimed to promote fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and water, while limiting sugary drinks and trans fats. Researchers worked with district foodservice staff to change snack foods and beverages. Teams of afterschool staff participated in three 3-hour learning collaborative sessions to build skills and created action plans for changing site practices. The intervention included family and child nutrition education.Main outcome measures
Research assistants observed dietary snack consumption using a validated measure on 2 days per site at baseline and follow-up.Statistical analyses performed
This study used multivariable regression models, accounting for clustering of observations, to assess the intervention effect, and conducted post-hoc stratified analyses by foodservice type.Results
Children in intervention sites had greater decreases in consumption of juice (–0.61 oz/snack, 95% CI –1.11 to –0.12), beverage calories (–29.1 kcal/snack, 95% CI –40.2 to 18.0), foods with trans fats (–0.12 servings/snack, 95% CI –0.19 to –0.04), total calories (–47.7 kcal/snack, 95% CI –68.2 to –27.2), and increases in consumption of whole grains (0.10 servings/snack, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.18) compared to controls. In post-hoc analyses, sites with on-site foodservice had significant improvements for all outcomes (P<0.001), with no effect for sites with satellite foodservice.Conclusions
Results demonstrate that an afterschool intervention can improve children’s dietary snack consumption, particularly at sites with on-site foodservice. 相似文献19.
Background
To implement appropriate programs for promoting physical activity (PA) in people who are Deaf, it is important to have valid instruments for assessing PA in this population.Objective
The main purpose of this study was to examine the criterion validity of the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-S) in Deaf adults.Method
This study included 44 adults (18–65 years) of both genders (63.6% were females) who met the inclusion criteria. Objective measures of PA were collected using accelerometers, which were worn by each participant during one week. After using the accelerometer, the IPAQ-S was applied to assess participants' physical activity during the last 7 days.Results
There was no significant correlation between the average time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as measured by the accelerometer (40.1 ± 24.5 min/day) and by the IPAQ-S (41.3 ± 57.5 min/day). The IPAQ-S significantly underestimated the time spent in sedentary behavior (7.6 ± 2.7 h/day vs. 10.1 ± 1.6 h/day). Sedentary behavior and MVPA as measured by the accelerometer and the IPAQ-S showed limited agreement.Conclusions
Our results show some limitations on the use of IPAQ-S for quantifying PA among adults who are Deaf. The IPAQ-S tends to overestimate the MVPA and to underestimate sedentary behavior in adults who are Deaf. 相似文献20.
Angela Rosenberg Deborah Zuver McCafferty Kermon Claudia Fernandez Lewis H. Margolis 《Disability and health journal》2018,11(2):293-297