学龄儿童运动能量消耗与人体成分的关系

目的　探讨学龄期儿童运动能量消耗（AEE）与人体成分之间的关系。方法　以上海市杨浦区二联小学三、四年级62名学生为研究对象,使用代谢车测定运动能量消耗,利用生物电阻抗法测定人体成分,包括体质量、体质量指数、体脂率、脂肪含量、去脂体质量、脂肪含量指数、去脂体质量指数、肥胖度和AEE,比较超重肥胖组与非超重肥胖组儿童各指标的差异,并探讨其关系。结果　男生超重肥胖组和非超重肥胖组的运动时间［（9.70±1.91）min 比（10.00±1.97）min;t=0.336,P=0.739］、总AEE［（198.74±53.33）kJ 比 （171.54±41.75）kJ;t=-1.422,P=0.165］、AEE相对值［（0.46±0.09）kJ/(min·kg）比（0.51±0.04）kJ/(min·kg); t=2.043,P=0.051］差异均无统计学意义,超重肥胖组AEE绝对值高于非超重肥胖男生组［（20.06±3.14）kJ/min比（16.93±1.85）kJ/min;t=-2.910,P=0.007］。女生超重肥胖组与非超重肥胖组相比运动时间更短［（7.35±3.05）min 比 （9.98±1.82）min;t=2.509,P=0.027］、AEE相对值更小［（0.41±0.09）kJ/(min·kg）比 （0.51±0.07）kJ/(min·kg）;t=3.244,P=0.003］,但两组总AEE［（129.29±71.13）kJ 比 （161.50±35.38）kJ;t=1.351,P=0.203］、AEE绝对值［（16.82±3.26）kJ/min 比 （16.17±2.00）kJ/min; t=-0.676,P=0.504］差异均无统计学意义。控制年龄和性别因素后,男生AEE绝对值与体质量指数（P=0.015）、肥胖度(P=0.010)、脂肪含量(P=0.047)、去脂体质量(P=0.010）和去脂体质量指数(P=0.003)呈显著正相关,女生AEE绝对值与体成分各指标无相关性。AEE相对值与体质量指数（男：P=0.000,女：P=0.000）、肥胖度（男：P=0.002,女：P=0.000）、体脂率（男：P=0.000,女：P=0.001）、脂肪含量（男：P=0.000,女：P=0.000）、去脂体质量（男：P=0.002,女：P=0.022）和脂肪含量指数（男：P=0.000,女：P=0.000）呈显著负相关。结论　肥胖儿童AEE与体成分有关,肥胖程度越高,AEE相对值越少。儿童的体型、体成分与能量代谢存在着复杂的联系。     

肥胖儿童静息能量消耗的初步研究

目的　应用能量代谢仪测定肥胖儿童的静息能量消耗情况,以探讨安静状态下代谢水平与儿童肥胖的关系,同时比较各预测公式的准确性。方法　选取2014年7月至2015年9月在本院儿童保健科就诊的年龄在7～14周岁的儿童。应用间接测热法测静息能量消耗,应用生物电阻抗法测体脂、去脂体质量等体成分。以预测公式值与实测值误差在±10%之内为可以接受的“准确”,超过10%为“高估”,低于10%为“低估”。结果　共纳入研究对象72例,其中超重/肥胖组42例,平均年龄(10.4±1.7)岁,体质量指数(24.76±3.16)kg/m2;对照组共30例,平均年龄(10.4±2.0)岁,体质量指数(15.07±2.11)kg/m2。静息能量消耗以kJ/(kg·d)表示,校正性别、年龄的影响因素后肥胖组儿童每天静息能量消耗［(116.45±20.46)kJ/(kg·d)］明显低于对照组［(138.49±38.77) kJ/(kg·d)］(P=0.000)。各预测公式准确性尚无一致性定论,研究对象实测值与Harris-Benedict、Schofield、WHO、Mifflin、Cunningham、Liu、Jia公式完全符合的准确率分别为50%、47.6%、42.9%、47.6%、33.3%、42.9%、40.5%。结论　肥胖儿童静息能量消耗低于正常儿童,与间接测热法比较,各预测公式准确性均较差。     

Breaking tradition: Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time of children with developmental disabilities

BackgroundChildren with developmental disabilities (DD) are less active and more sedentary than their typically developing peers. There is a lack of research exploring strategies to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time in children with DD.Objective/HypothesisThe purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time of children with DD attending a summer day camp in modified versus traditional physical activity sessions. It was hypothesized that youth with DD would spend a greater amount of time in MVPA and less time sedentary during modified compared to traditional activity sessions.MethodsFifty-two children (mean age 11.5 years, 84% male, 81% non-Hispanic white, 90% DD diagnosis) attending a specialized summer day camp participated in counterbalanced physical activity sessions for 8 weeks receiving either games/activities in their ‘traditional’ manner versus a modified approach. The modified approach incorporated a physical activity promotion strategy with a social narrative. Repeated measures mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate accelerometer-derived MVPA and sedentary time.ResultsChildren increased the percent of time spent in MVPA and reduced sedentary time in 3 out of the 4 modified physical activities compared to traditional activity physical sessions across (p < 0.05). Modified soccer and kickball presented the highest increase in MVPA (5.9, 95%CI: 2.9, 8.8%) and reduction in sedentary time (−8.9, 95%CI: −13.9, −4.0%), respectively.ConclusionModifying existing physical activities by combining a physical activity-promoting strategy with a social narrative is a promising approach to increase MVPA and reduce sedentary time in children with DD.     

Measured versus predicted energy expenditure in children with inactive Crohn's disease

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to assess if the estimated average requirements for energy for normal children (EAR) and the Schofield equation could reliably predict energy requirements in children with inactive Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Twenty-three children with inactive CD were studied, median age 14.3 years (range 7.8-16.9). Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry and compared with that predicted using the Schofield equation (BMR). Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using REE and a 3-day activity diary and compared with EAR. RESULTS: REE ranged from 79% to 136% of BMR. Mean REE was not significantly greater than mean BMR (P=0.25 2-tailed t-test). TEE ranged from 72% to 163% of estimated average requirements for energy for children of that weight (EARw). EARw tended to underestimate TEE in large children and overestimate TEE in small children (Bland-Altman plot R=0.5, P=0.002). EARw was a poor predictor of TEE (R=0.35, P=0.1). EAR underestimated energy requirements by >500 kcal/day in 40% of the children. CONCLUSIONS: The Schofield equation and EAR are unreliable methods of predicting total energy requirements in children with inactive CD with a significant potential to underestimate energy needs. When energy requirements were greater than EAR it was due to physical activity and body habitus rather than raised REE.     

Therapy use for U.S. school-aged children with developmental disabilities: State variation and determinants

BackgroundTherapy services can support developmental needs, improve social emotional outcomes, and reduce persistent health inequities for children with developmental disabilities (DD). Receipt of therapy services may be especially timely when children with DD are school-aged, once diagnosis has often occurred. Yet limited knowledge exists on geographic variability and determinants of therapy use among school-aged U.S. children with DD.ObjectivesWe aimed to (1) determine if therapy use varies significantly by state and (2) examine associations of health determinants with therapy use among U.S. school-aged children with DD.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children's Health data. The sample included 9984 children with DD ages 6–17 years. We obtained odds ratios and predicted margins with 95% confidence intervals from multilevel logistic regression models to examine therapy use variation and determinants.ResultsOverall, 34.6% of children used therapy services. Therapy use varied significantly across states ($\sigma$² = 0.11, SE = 0.04). Younger age, public insurance, functional limitations, individualized education program, frustration accessing services, and care coordination need were associated with higher adjusted odds of therapy access. In states with Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services waivers, higher estimated annual waiver cost was associated with lower adjusted odds of therapy use.ConclusionsResults highlight geographic disparities in therapy use and multilevel targets to increase therapy use for school-aged children with DD.     

COVID-19 positivity rates,hospitalizations and mortality of adults with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario,Canada

BackgroundAcross and within countries there is a need to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted populations of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).ObjectiveRates of COVID-19 positivity for adults with IDD, including Down syndrome, relative to adults without IDD in Ontario, Canada were compared. Health profiles and case-based rates of hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and mortality within 30 days of testing positively were compared for those with IDD, including Down syndrome, versus those without IDD.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study linked health administrative databases using unique encoded identifiers to describe population-level COVID-19 positivity, related hospital use and mortality from January 15, 2020 to January 10, 2021. Incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsRelative to adults without IDD, COVID-19 positivity rates were 1.28 times higher for adults with IDD and 1.42 times higher for adults with Down syndrome.Compared to adults without IDD, adults with IDD were more than twice as likely to be hospitalized following COVID-19 (RR:2.21 (95%CI: 1.93,2.54)) and to die (RR:2.23 (95%CI: 1.86,2.67). These RRs were greater for adults under 65. For adults with Down syndrome, mortality rates were 6.59 (95%CI: 4.51,9.62) times higher than those without IDD.DiscussionIn Ontario, Canada, hospitalization and mortality rates associated with COVID-19 are higher for adults with IDD than other adults. These findings should inform vaccination strategies that often prioritize older adults in the general population resulting in people with IDD, who are often in younger age groups, being overlooked.     

Factors influencing quality of life in caregivers of adolescents with developmental disabilities

ObjectivesCaring for adolescents with developmental disabilities (DD) is stressful and challenging, and mothers usually provide care for these children in Korea. This study aimed to identify factors influencing quality of life (QoL) in mothers of adolescents with DD.Methods A predictive design was used. Data were collected from a web-based survey administered to a convenience sample of 154 mothers of adolescents with DD from October to November 2020. Data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression.ResultsPerceived health, depression, and family strength were significantly correlated with QoL. Multiple regression showed that family strength, perceived health, depression, and monthly household income influenced the participants’ QoL, and these factors accounted for 69.2% of variance in QoL. Family strength was the factor most strongly affecting QoL (β=0.39).Conclusion The study results indicate that health professionals and policy-makers need to pay attention to the overall QoL and physical and psychological health of mothers of adolescents with DD. Since our findings raise the importance of family strength in the QoL of this population, programs to improve family strength need to be implemented and strengthened. Interventions to improve perceived health and decrease depression should be applied, and knowledge on adolescent characteristics and changes should be delivered to caregivers when providing education and consultations. The findings will be helpful for developing educational and counseling programs for this population.     

Rate of deficit accumulation in home care users with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Purpose

To identify factors associated with the rate of deficit accumulation in a population of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).

Comparison of total energy expenditure between the farming season and off farming season and accuracy assessment of estimated energy requirement prediction equation of Korean farmers

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe purposes of this study were to compare total energy expenditure (including PAL and RMR) of Korean farmers between the farming season and off farming season and to assess the accuracy of estimated energy requirement (EER) prediction equation reported in KDRIs.SUBJECTS/METHODSSubjects were 72 Korean farmers (males 23, females 49) aged 30-64 years. Total energy expenditure was calculated by multiplying measured RMR by PAL. EER was calculated by using the prediction equation suggested in KDRIs 2010.RESULTSThe physical activity level (PAL) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the farming season (male 1.77 ± 0.22, female 1.69 ± 0.24) than the off farming season (male 1.53 ± 0.32, female 1.52 ± 0.19). But resting metabolic rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the off farming season (male 1,890 ± 233 kcal/day, female 1,446 ± 140 kcal/day) compared to the farming season (male 1,727 ± 163 kcal/day, female 1,356 ± 164 kcal/day). TEE (2,304 ± 497 kcal/day) of females was significantly higher in the farming season than that (2,183 ± 389 kcal/day) of the off farming season, but in males, there was no significant difference between two seasons in TEE. On the other hand, EER of male and female (2,825 ± 354 kcal/day and 2,115 ± 293 kcal/day) of the farming season was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those (2,562 ± 339 kcal/day and 1,994 ± 224 kcal/day) of the off farming season.CONCLUSIONSThis study indicates that there is a significant difference in PAL and TEE of farmers between farming and off farming seasons. And EER prediction equation proposed by KDRI 2010 underestimated TEE, thus EER prediction equation for farmers should be reviewed.     

Parents’ perception of the quality of life of preschool children at risk or having developmental disabilities

Despite increased concern for the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of people with disabilities, little is known about the HRQOL of children with developmental disabilities. The present study aimed to explore the HRQOL of children who were at risk or having developmental disabilities in Hong Kong. Using the parent-reported Chinese Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), the HRQOL of 173 children (2–4 years) with signs of delays in development was contrasted with that of 132 children with typical development. We found that those who exhibited high risk of developing a developmental disability had significantly lower overall well-being (76.3 ± 13.7 vs. 84.2 ± 11.3; p<0.001) and psychosocial health (71.3 ± 15.6 vs. 82.5 ± 12.9; p<0.001) but not necessarily physical health. The findings are consistent with previous findings in children with different disabilities and chronic illnesses. They suggest children at risk or having DDs need help in restoring their quality of life up to the standard experienced by their healthy peers, particular in psychosocial aspects such as social functioning, emotion functioning, and school functioning.     

超重及肥胖患者的饮食及人体成分

目的　分析北京医院减重门诊患者的饮食习惯、能量摄入及消耗、人体测量、人体成分的基本情况。方法　前瞻性选取2014年11月至2015年8月在北京医院内分泌营养减重联合门诊就诊的体质量指数（BMI）≥ 24 kg/m2的患者89例,平均年龄（45.8±16.4）岁,其中男性35例,女性54例,分为糖尿病组（n=35）和非糖尿病组（n=54）,比较2组患者的饮食习惯、能量摄入及消耗、人体测量以及人体成分的基本情况。结果　无论是否患有糖尿病,超重及肥胖患者(BMI≥24 kg/m2)的进餐速度都偏快,多在10 min内用餐完毕,偏爱中餐和肉食,不喜欢热食。非糖尿病组超重及肥胖患者的餐馆用餐频次（3~5次/周）高于糖尿病组（1~2次/周）。与糖尿病组比较,非糖尿病组超重及肥胖患者的脂肪供能比［（34.9±7.6）%比（30.8±5.9）%］更高,碳水化合物摄入量［（232.2±59.7）g比（283.6±89.5）g］、碳水化合物供能比［（47.9±8.3）%比（53.4±7.1）%］、静息代谢率/体质量比值［（66.9±9.6）kJ/(d·kg)比（71.1±7.9）kJ/(d·kg)］较低（均P＜0.05）,而两组间总能量、蛋白质、优质蛋白质、脂肪摄入量,蛋白质供能比以及静息代谢率比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。患者平均BMI（32.8±4.4）kg/m2,最高达53.5 kg/m2。与糖尿病组比较,非糖尿病组超重及肥胖患者的臀围［（117.15±9.9）cm比（111.1±8.2）cm］、上臂围［（36.4±3.8）cm比（34.0±3.3）cm］、三头肌皮褶厚度［（36.1±8.9）mm比（31.6±8.8）mm］较大（均P＜0.05）,年龄偏小［（41.7±16.9）岁比（52.9±13.1）岁,P=0.001］,而两组间体质量、BMI、腰围、颈围、双手握力比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。非糖尿病组超重及肥胖患者的体质量［（94.8±18.3）kg比（86.9±17.2）kg］、体脂肪［（39.7±11.3）kg比（33.5±8.9）kg］、体脂百分比［（41.7±6.5）%比（38.5±6.7）%］、内脏脂肪面积［（145.3±24.8）cm2比（130.7±27.5）cm2］均高于糖尿病组（均P＜0.05）,而BMI及骨骼肌重量比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论　与糖尿病组患者比较,超重及肥胖的非糖尿病患者年龄偏小,饮食习惯更差,体脂肪、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积更大。     

Skipping meals and alcohol consumption. The regulation of energy intake and expenditure among weight loss participants

Research suggests that specific eating patterns (e.g., eating breakfast) may be related to favorable weight status. This investigation examined the relationship between eating patterns (i.e., skipping meals; consuming alcohol) and weight loss treatment outcomes (weight loss, energy intake, energy expenditure, and duration of exercise). Fifty-four overweight or obese adults (BMI>/=27kg/m(2)) participated in a self-help or therapist-assisted weight loss program. Daily energy intake from breakfast, lunch, dinner, and alcoholic beverages, total daily energy intake, total daily energy expenditure, physical activity, and weekly weight loss were assessed. On days that breakfast or dinner was skipped, or alcoholic beverages were not consumed, less total daily energy was consumed compared to days that breakfast, dinner, or alcoholic beverages were consumed. On days that breakfast or alcohol was consumed, daily energy expenditure (breakfast only) and duration of exercise were higher compared to days that breakfast or alcohol was not consumed. Individuals who skipped dinner or lunch more often had lower energy expenditure and exercise duration than individuals who skipped dinner or lunch less often. Individuals who consumed alcohol more often had high daily energy expenditure than individuals who consumed alcohol less often. Skipping meals or consuming alcoholic beverages was not associated with weekly weight loss. In this investigation, weight loss program participants may have compensated for excess energy intake from alcoholic beverages and meals with greater daily energy expenditure and longer exercise duration.     

危重病儿童机械通气后静息能量消耗变化

目的了解危重病儿童机械通气后能量代谢状态,探讨机械通气时间及疾病类别对危重病儿童机械通气后能量代谢的影响。方法以50例儿童重症监护病房机械通气后的危重病儿童为研究对象,开始机械通气治疗第1、3、5、7天,采用美国麦加菲营养能量代谢测定系统测定静息能量消耗值,分别记作实测值1、实测值3、实测值5、实测值7;运用Schofield-H邢汀公式计算入选患儿的预测静息能量消耗值。结果50例患儿实测值．和Schofield—HTWT公式预测值分别为（96．80±42．63）和（110．67±38．35）kJ／d。其中35例（70％）患儿的实测值低于90％Schofield—HTwT预测值。22例患儿的实测值,、实测值,、实测值,、实测值,分别为（100．53±50．24）、（113．80±49．19）、（117．99±50．57）、（115．05±50．18）kJ／d,4个不同时间点比较差异无统计学意义（F=1．267,P=0．292）。先天性心脏病儿童和非先天性心脏病儿童实测值,分别为（75．66±31．23）和（113．40±28．40）kJ／d,两不同疾病类别比较差异具有统计学意义（F=10．423,P=0．002）。结论危重病儿童机械通气后大多数呈现低代谢状态;危重病儿童机械通气后的静息能量消耗在开始通气1周内并不随机械通气时间而改变;机械通气后的危重病儿童中,先天性心脏病儿童的静息能量消耗比非先天性心脏病儿童的静息能量消耗明显降低。     

Time trends in emergency department use among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities

BackgroundEmergency Department (ED) visits are common among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). However, little is known about how ED use has varied over time in this population, or how it has been affected by recent Medicaid policy changes.ObjectiveTo examine temporal trends in ED use among adult Medicaid members with IDD in eight states that ranged in the extent to which they had implemented state-level Medicaid policy changes that might affect ED use.MethodsWe conducted repeated cross-sectional analyses of 2010–2016 Medicaid claims data. Quarterly analyses included adults ages 18–64 years with IDD (identified by diagnosis codes) who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid for the past 12 months. We assessed change in number of ED visits per 1000 member months from 2010 to 2016 overall and interacted with state level policy changes such as Medicaid expansion.ResultsStates with no Medicaid expansion experienced an increase in ED visits (linear trend coefficient: 1.13, p < 0.01), while states operating expansion via waiver had a much smaller (non-significant) increase, and states with ACA-governed expansion had a decrease in ED visits (linear trend coefficient: 1.17, p < 0.01). Other policy changes had limited or no association with ED visits.ConclusionsMedicaid expansion was associated with modest reduction or limited increase in ED visits compared to no expansion. We found no consistent decrease in ED visits in association with other Medicaid policy changes.     

Total and regional body composition and energy expenditure in multiple symmetric lipomatosis

AIMS: The aim of the present study was to investigate possible alterations in body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) in type 1 multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirteen men aged from 40 to 78 years affected by type I MSL were compared with 13 healthy control subjects. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined by DEXA using both standard analysis and specifically for the lipomatous region. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: FM was higher in MSL subjects at proximal arm level, but significantly lower at distal leg level than in controls (left 1.63+/-0.55 vs. 2.26+/-0.49 kg, P<0.05; right 1.63+/-0.53 vs. 2.40+/-0.54 kg, P<0.01). Arm FFM was similar in the two groups, while distal leg FFM was significantly lower in MSL cases (left: 7.8+/-1.3 vs. 8.7+/-0.8 kg, P<0.05; right: 8.0+/-1.5 vs. 9.2+/-0.9 kg, P<0.05). FFM strongly correlated with REE (r:0.86;P<0.001). REE, expressed as an absolute value and adjusted for FFM (1830+/-215 vs. 1675+/-120 kcal, P<0.05) was higher in MSL patients. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, MSL patients had a marked FFM and FM atrophy in the lower segments of the legs and an altered energy expenditure (hypermetabolism).     

Conceptualizing community: A comparison of neighborhood characteristics of supportive housing for persons with psychiatric and developmental disabilities

Housing and services for persons with developmental disabilities (DD) have been shaped by the normalization approach, a commitment to full integration within the general community. In contrast, housing and services for persons with psychiatric disabilities (PD) have had various and sometimes conflicting goals, including provision of custodial care, promotion of therapeutic community, and community integration. This cross-field study compares the neighborhood characteristics of publicly-funded housing for the PD and DD populations in a metropolitan community. The aim of the study was to examine whether the contrasting housing approaches are reflected at an ecological level and to consider how these findings relate to the goal of community integration for people with PD and DD. Administrative databases provided residential addresses of 1932 residents with PD living in 297 locations and 1716 residents with DD living in 749 locations in the city of Philadelphia. The 2000 U.S. Census and city's police department database provided information on neighborhood characteristics. Geographic information system (GIS) methodology generated maps displaying the distribution of housing locations in relation to spatial dispersion, distress, stability, safety, and race/ethnic diversity. Statistical analyses compared neighborhood characteristics of the DD and PD populations. Findings indicated that the DD population in supportive housing was more spatially dispersed, and lived in less distressed, less unstable, more secure, but equally racially/ethnically diverse neighborhoods when compared to the PD population in supportive housing.     

扬州市城区学龄前儿童发育性协调障碍的流行病学调查

目的 了解扬州市城区学龄前儿童发育性协调障碍（developmental coordination disorder,DCD）的发病情况,为DCD的早预防、早诊断、早干预提供理论依据。方法 随机整群抽取扬州市城区3所幼儿园1 454名3~7岁儿童,使用儿童运动评估成套试验（movement assessment battery for Children,M-ABC）筛查儿童发育性协调障碍,使用儿童发育筛查测试（developmental screen test,DST）和韦氏学龄前及幼儿智力量表（the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence,WPPSI）剔除智力落后儿童,采用美国精神病诊断手册第四版（the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV,DSM-IV）确诊DCD。结果 调查发现学龄前儿童DCD异常和可疑率分别为5.2%和12.0%。男童DCD异常及可疑率（7.3%和14.0%）高于女童（2.7%和9.7%）,M-ABC实验得分差异体现在手灵巧度和动态平衡两个方面（均有P<0.001）。不同年龄的儿童DCD异常及可疑率不同（χ2=18.502,P=0.005）,由高到底依次为4~岁组、6~7岁组、5~岁组和3~岁组,M-ABC实验得分差异体现在手灵巧度和目标抓握两个方面（均有P<0.001）。结论 扬州市城区学龄前儿童DCD患病率不容乐观,手灵巧度和目标抓握能力相对落后。应根据不同性别、不同年龄儿童的运动协调发展特点,加强其整体运动协调能力训练。