离退休老年人睡眠和心理健康状况的评估

目的探讨离退休老年人的睡眠和心理健康状况。方法使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和症状自评量表对某干休所140例离退休老年人进行睡眠及心理测查。结果离退休老年人睡眠障碍的发生率为46．4％;离退休老年人的心理健康水平低于普通人;睡眠质量与心理健康水平存在明显正相关（P〈0．05）;影响睡眠质量的心理因素主要为焦虑、人际关系敏感和躯体化。结论离退休老年人的睡眠质量与心理健康水平较普通人差,且两者之间显著相关。     

贵阳市大学生睡眠质量与自测健康的相关性分析

目的了解大学生睡眠质量及健康状况,为有针对性改善大学生的身心健康状况提供参考依据。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表和自测健康评定量表(SRHMS V 1.0),对整群抽取的贵阳市大学生2 249名进行调查,对PSQI与SRHMS得分进行Pearson相关分析。结果大学生PSQI总分平均为(6.27±2.34)分,其中27.4%的大学生有睡眠质量问题;SRHMS总分平均为(73.37±9.50)分。不同性别大学生PSQI及SRHMS总分差异均无统计学意义,但生理健康、心理健康子量表得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);大二年级学生自测健康状况最好,而大三年级学生睡眠质量和自测健康状况均最差。PSQI与SRHMS得分呈负相关(P<0.01),PSQI得分越高,自测健康状况越差。结论大学生的睡眠问题值得重视,睡眠质量对健康状况有重要影响。应采取综合措施通过改善睡眠质量来促进身心健康发展。     

Geographically-based discrimination is a social determinant of mental health in a deprived or stigmatized area in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Perceived discrimination has been shown to be associated with health. However, it is uncertain whether discrimination based on geographical place of residence (geographically-based discrimination), such as Buraku or Nishinari discrimination in Japan, is associated with health. We conducted a cross-sectional study (response rate = 52.3%) from February to March 2009 in a Buraku district of Nishinari ward in Osaka city, one of the most deprived areas in Japan. We implemented sex-stratified and education-stratified multivariate regression models to examine the association between geographically-based discrimination and two mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms and diagnosis of mental illness) with adjustment for age, socioeconomic status, social relationships and lifestyle factors. A total of 1994 persons aged 25-79 years (928 men and 1066 women) living in the district were analyzed. In the fully-adjusted model, perceived geographically-based discrimination was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and diagnosis of mental illness. It was more strongly associated among men or highly educated people than among women or among less educated people. The effect of geographically-based discrimination on mental health is independent of socioeconomic status, social relationship and lifestyle factors. Geographically-based discrimination may be one of the social determinants of mental health.     

农村地区老年人自评身体状况和睡眠质量的关系研究——心理健康的中介作用

目的 探讨心理健康在农村地区老年人自评身体状况和睡眠质量间的中介作用。方法 采用EQ-5D量表中的VAS评分、GHQ-12老年人健康问卷和匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI)分别评估老年人自评身体状况、心理健康和睡眠质量;采用bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。结果 自评身体状况与睡眠质量、身体健康得分呈负相关(r=-0.422,-0.224, P<0.001),心理健康与睡眠质量得分呈正相关(r=0.258, P<0.001);中介作用结果显示,农村地区老年人的心理健康在自评身体状况与睡眠质量之间起部分中介作用,其中介效应值为-0.476 (95%CI:-0.648～-0.319),占总效应的39.18%。结论 自评身体状况与睡眠质量存在关联,同时,心理健康在其中发挥了部分中介的作用。     

The Affectometer 2: a measure of positive mental health in UK populations

Objective To validate Affectometer 2 for use in the UK, derive population norms and assess its potential for monitoring positive mental health. Methods 722 adults aged 16–74 living in Scotland completed Affectometer 2 and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and provided data on socio-economic factors known to be associated with mental health status. Principal component analysis was used to explore the underlying structure of Affectometer 2. Internal reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was tested by comparing associations between Affectometer 2 scores and socio-economic factors with expected performance from other surveys and with the GHQ. Results 89% of participants completed Affectometer 2 suggesting a high level of public acceptability. Both total scale and subscales showed a high level of internal consistency (0.944). Correlations between Affectometer 2 score and key socio-economic variables were consistent with the findings of other population mental health surveys. Correlation with the GHQ was moderate (0.60). Affectometer 2 did not show a ceiling effect in this general population sample. Principal component analysis provided some evidence consistent with a single underlying construct, although this needs further testing. Conclusions Affectometer 2 met accepted criteria for validity and reliability in this representative UK population and demonstrated potential for use in monitoring positive mental health. The results provide support for the development of a shortened version of the scale which would be advantageous for population surveys.     

精神发育迟滞儿童睡眠状况的调查

目的:了解精神发育迟滞儿童的睡眠状况。方法:以近4年来对前来就诊明确诊断为精神发育迟滞237例患儿进行睡眠状况问卷调查。结果:精神发育迟滞患儿睡眠障碍发生率达到91·56%,其中以睡眠潜伏期明显延长、易惊、频繁夜醒、遗尿、梦游为主要表现;精神发育迟滞患儿睡眠障碍的发生率与发病原因有关,与智力损害程度呈正比。结论:精神发育迟滞的患儿其睡眠障碍发生率远远大于正常儿童的睡眠障碍发生率,而且程度严重。     

正常妊娠晚期孕妇心理健康状况分析

目的 了解正常妊娠晚期孕妇心理健康状况,为孕期身心保健提供依据。方法应用症状自评量表,艾森克个性(成人)问卷,社会支持量表对90例无妊娠合并症和并发症的妊娠晚期孕妇进行测查。结果 妊娠晚期孕妇心理基本健康。躯体化、强迫、抑郁和焦虑4个因子得分高于常模,人际关系敏感得分低于常模。N量表得分高于常模。SCL-90各因子与EPQ的N量表标准分呈正相关关系,r在0.30～0.55之间。人际关系敏感、焦虑与社会支持呈负相关关系,r分别为-0.39和-0.61。结论 要保证孕妇身心健康,不仅需要孕妇本人的努力,也需要医生、丈夫和朋友等全社会的支持。     

Effects of short sleep duration on hemodynamic and psychological responses under long working hours in healthy middle-aged men: an experimental study

This study examined the effects of short sleep duration (SSD) on hemodynamic and psychological responses under long working hours (LWH) in a laboratory experiment. Sixteen subjects participated in a crossover design experiment consisting of two conditions: normal (7-hours) sleep and short (5-hours) sleep. In each condition, participants engaged in simulated LWH (13 hours a day), comprising 12 task sessions. Hemodynamic and psychological responses were measured in each session. Results showed that there were significant main effects of condition and session but no interaction for hemodynamic and psychological responses. Systolic blood pressure and fatigue were higher in the later sessions than the first one. Stroke volume, sleepiness, fatigue, and stress were higher in the 5-hour than the 7-hour sleep condition (all p<0.05). These results suggest that although the combined effect of LWH and SSD was not significant, both LWH and SSD caused a hemodynamic and psychological burden.     

Association between sleep quality and cardiovascular health: a door-to-door survey in rural Ecuador

Objectives

Cardiovascular correlates of sleep disorders have not been well investigated in underserved populations. The aim of this door-to-door survey was to evaluate the association between sleep quality and cardiovascular health status in persons aged ≥40 years living in a village that is representative of rural Ecuador.

Methods

All stroke-free Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years were screened with a validated Spanish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the seven cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics proposed by the American Heart Association to assess the CVH status.

Results

A total of 635 persons (mean age 59 ± 13 years; 58 % women) were identified. A poor sleep quality was present in 27 % of the subjects (95 % CI 24–31 %) and a poor cardiovascular health in 69 % (95 % CI 63–71 %). In a multivariate logistic regression model, a poor sleep quality was associated with some CVH metrics in the poor range, including smoking status (p = 0.026), physical activity (p = 0.01) and blood glucose levels (p = 0.036).

Conclusions

A poor sleep quality may be linked to individual cardiovascular risk factors in this underserved Latin American population. This finding provides useful insights for the implementation of regional prevention priorities.     

191名中学毕业班学生睡眠状况与心理健康的相关性研究

目的了解中学毕业班学生睡眠状况与心理健康的关系,为提高中学毕业班学生的睡眠质量与心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和症状自评量表(SCL-90),针对2所中学在校191名毕业班学生进行睡眠质量与心理健康调查。结果以PSQI总分≥8分作为判断睡眠质量问题的标准,34.6%的中学毕业班学生存在睡眠质量问题,主要体现在日间功能障碍(59.7%)、入睡时间(58.6%)、主观睡眠质量占31.4%、睡眠障碍占15.2%4个成分上。初三、高三学生在睡眠时间、睡眠效率、催眠药物成分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中学毕业班学生PSQI总分及大多数成分与SCL-90各因子及总均分呈显著性正相关,但在睡眠效率与睡眠时间二成分与SCL-90各因子及总均分无显著相关。结论中学毕业班学生睡眠质量不尽人意,睡眠质量与心理健康高度相关,各个部门及学生自身应高度关注。     

基于海南省队列BMI与睡眠时长和睡眠质量关系的横断面研究

目的  本研究旨在探索海南省中老年人群BMI与睡眠时长和睡眠质量的关系,为超重肥胖防控提供参考依据。方法  对2018年海南省18个市县的体检队列人群中5 169名调查对象进行体格检查和问卷调查。调查对象为本地居住时间≥5年,年龄35~75岁,无严重肢体残疾或精神疾病的常住人口。对BMI的影响因素进行描述性分析和单因素分析,应用有序Logistic回归分析模型分析BMI与睡眠时长和睡眠质量的关系。结果  不同BMI调查对象在性别、教育程度、家庭年收入、年龄、吸烟、饮茶、午睡、睡眠质量、睡眠时长方面差异均有统计学意义(均有P < 0.05)。有序Logistic回归分析模型进一步分析结果显示,长枕组、睡眠质量较差和很差均为BMI水平增加的危险因素(均有P < 0.05);长枕组“BMI高”的OR值为规范枕组的1.336倍(95% CI：1.094~1.632);睡眠质量较差者与很差者“BMI高”的OR值分别为睡眠质量很好者的1.294倍(95% CI：1.082~1.548)和1.948倍(95% CI：1.131~3.357)。结论  海南省中老年人睡眠时间延长、睡眠质量差都会增加超重肥胖的风险。     

The prison setting as a place of enforced residence, its mental health effects, and the mental healthcare implications

The subject of place is salient certainly when deliberating the health of prisoners as a social group. This paper provides an overview and assessment of health and place in relation to mental health and the prison locale. Particular attention is devoted to prison culture, both staff and inmate. The incarceration experience (i.e. the nature of enforced residence in the prison environment) can affect negatively prisoners' mental health. The mental health of the prison population is poor, and mental health services in the prison setting have need of further improvement. However, the provision of mental healthcare and the pursuit of good mental health in the prison milieu are challenging. The prison-based—exceedingly complex—three-way relationship between culture–mental and health–mental healthcare is debated.     

The association of sleep duration and sleep quality with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Taiwanese population

ObjectiveThe association of sleep duration/quality with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is inconclusive. Several important covariates were not adjusted concomitantly in some studies, and the severity of NAFLD was not considered. Furthermore, the gender impact of sleep duration or sleep quality on NAFLD remains unclear. We thus aimed to examine the association of sleep duration and quality with NAFLD by gender in a Taiwanese population.MethodsA total of 6663 subjects aged 18 years or more were enrolled. The severity of NAFLD was divided into mild, moderate, and severe degrees based on ultrasound findings. The sleep duration was classified into three groups: short (<6 h), normal (6–8 h), and long (>8 h). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality, and poor sleep quality was defined as a global PSQI score greater than 5.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, multinomial logistic regression showed that poor sleep quality was negatively associated with both mild and moderate-to-severe NAFLD in males, but sleep duration was not independently related to NAFLD. In females, sleep condition was not related to NAFLD.ConclusionsPoor sleep quality but not sleep duration was associated with a lower risk of not only moderate to severe but also mild NAFLD in males. In females, the association of sleep quality and duration with the risk of NAFLD was insignificant.     

中国精神卫生资源状况分析

目的：掌握中国精神卫生资源分布和利用情况，为制定全国精神卫生防治体系建设与发展规划提供参考。方法：采用自编调查表对全国精神卫生机构进行调查，对其中机构、床位、人员数量等相关数据进行描述性分析。结果：截至2015年底，全国共有精神卫生机构2 936家，开放床位433 090张，卫生人员122 309人，其中执业（助理）医师30 122人，护士75 765人。385家设有老年病房，175家设有儿童病房；有528家精神专科医院设有康复科。结论：2010-2015年全国精神卫生专业机构数、床位数、医师数等大幅增长，但仍相对不足，且存在地域分布不均衡、亚专科发展滞后等问题。今后应进一步加强县级和中西部地区服务能力建设；大力支持亚专科发展，加强多学科专业队伍培养。     

宁夏南部山区生态移民心理健康状况的比较研究

目的探讨生态移民心理健康水平随移居时间的变化情况。方法采用多级整群抽样的方法抽取≥16岁移民223人,利用症状自评量表测定移民心理健康状况,比较移民在不同时期心理健康水平。结果移民在搬迁后不同时期内,在强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对和精神病性等因子得分有明显不同(P0.05),在移居6个月时,上述因子得分最高,移居18个月后,各因子得分逐渐接近移民前。在移居后一年内,发生心理障碍者所占比例高于移民前(P0.05)。结论移民在迁入移居地初期心理水平变化较大,随着在移居地居住时间的延长,其心理健康水平有逐步回归的趋势。     

重点中学学生心理健康状况研究

目的调查笔者所在城市重点中学学生心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量（SCL-90）表，随机抽样笔者所在城市两所重点中学12～18岁学生508人进行问卷调查。结果心理问题检出率18．1％，心理问题主要表现依次为强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执、抑郁、焦虑等。男女生检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但SCL-90中女生抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分明显高于男生，而男生敌对、偏执因子分明显高于女生，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；初高中学生心理问题检出率分别为9．98％与14．14％差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论重点中学学生心理问题突出，值得关注。     

The effect of change in mental disorder status on change in spousal mental health: the HUNT study

Longitudinal research on caregiver burden related to mental disorders based on representative samples is scarce. Previous results on the development of burden over time are inconsistent. This article aims to establish whether change in mental disorder status in the index persons predicts subjective burden in their spouses in terms of changed mental health over a period of 11 years. We compared change in spousal mental health between four groups from a Norwegian population based sample of 9144 couples, in which the index persons suffered from mental disorder at the first, second, both, or none of the two measurement times. Mental disorder was defined by a high score on a measure of global mental health combined with self reported impaired functioning due to mental health problems. Spouses of index persons who suffered from mental disorder at the second but not the first measurement time reported moderately impaired mental health, but those spouses with few friends reported a more severe impairment. Spousal mental health in the other groups did not change significantly. Effect sizes were moderate. The findings suggest that spouses of mentally disordered individuals in general experience only moderate levels of burden, and that the transition into a caregiving role is the period in which spouses are vulnerable to negative effects on their mental health. The results point to the treatment of mental health problems in couples as a supplement or alternative to individual treatment.     

The natural history of male mental health: health and religious involvement

In prior studies, the effect of religious involvement upon physical health has shown generally positive results, but these studies have been marred by confounders. The 65-year-old US prospective Study of Adult Development has offered an opportunity to repeat these studies with somewhat better control over confounders. The physical and mental health of 224 Harvard University sophomores was monitored for 65 years. Their religious involvement from church attendance to private spirituality was prospectively monitored every 2-4 years from age 47 to 85. In this analysis we focus on the male respondent. We found that religious involvement, no matter how measured was uncorrelated with their late life physical, mental and social well-being. The exception was that the 44 men with major depression or with multiple negative life events were twice as likely to manifest high religious involvement as men with the least "stress." If these findings can be generalized, they suggest that religious involvement may exert the greatest mental health benefits on people with the fewest alternative social and personal resources.     

睡眠类型与睡眠时间对医学生自评健康的独立与联合效应研究

目的 探讨睡眠类型、睡眠时间对医学生自评健康状况较差的独立及联合效应。方法 本研究为横断面调查。采用按比例分层整群随机抽样的方法在浙江省某医科大学选取1 526名在校医学生作为研究对象。调查内容主要包括基本人口学特征、睡眠类型、睡眠时间、夜宵、久坐时间和体力活动时间等生活方式信息以及自评健康状况。采用logistic回归模型控制可疑混杂变量后评价睡眠类型、睡眠时间与自评健康的关联性。结果 医学生睡眠类型为晚睡晚起型者最多（664人,43.5%）,其次为中间型（442人,29.0%）、早睡早起型（420人,27.5%）。自评健康状况较差的报告人数占42.8%（653人）。不同睡眠类型医学生自评健康状况较差报告率不等：与早睡早起型相比,中间型、晚睡晚起型者自评健康状况较差比例更高,调整OR值（95%CI）分别为1.69（1.23~2.31）、2.43（1.81~3.26）,趋势检验P<0.001。与每晚睡眠时间≥8 h者相比,睡眠时间为7、≤6 h者自评健康状况较差的OR值（95%CI）分别为1.40（1.07~1.84）、2.38（1.69~3.37）,趋势检验P<0.001。睡眠类型与睡眠时间存在联合效应,调整各种混杂因素后,与早睡早起型且每晚睡眠时间≥8 h的医学生相比,晚睡晚起型且睡眠时间≤6 h者自评健康状况较差的OR值最大,OR值（95%CI）为6.53（3.53~12.09）。结论 晚睡晚起型及睡眠不足均与医学生自评健康状况较差的OR值增加有关联,且两者具有联合效应。建议医学生应尽量早睡早起,并保持充足睡眠,促进健康。     

隔代抚养与老年人心理健康相关性的Meta分析

目的 对隔代抚养与老年人心理健康关系进行meta分析。 方法 检索PubMed、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普等中英文数据库,收集关于隔代抚养对老年人心理健康影响的相关文献,检索时限为自建库起至2021年5月。对纳入文献进行质量评价及数据整理。所有数据均采用RevMan 5.4软件进行meta分析。结果 最终纳入20篇文献,总样本量69 974例。Meta分析结果显示:在认知功能（SMD = 0.32, 95%CI:0.28～0.36, P＜0.001）、生活满意度（SMD = 0.06, 95%CI:0.04～0.09, P＜0.001）及自评健康（SMD = 0.08, 95%CI:0.02～0.14, P = 0.010）评估中,隔代抚养组评估结果优于非隔代抚养组,呈正相关且有统计学差异;在抑郁状况（SMD = - 0.04, 95%CI: - 0.09～0.01, P = 0.150）评估中,隔代抚养组评估结果劣于非隔代抚养组,呈负相关且有统计学差异。亚组分析结果显示:与非隔代抚养组相比,国外隔代抚养组（SMD = 0.27, 95%CI:0.15～0.39, P＜0.001）;国内隔代抚养组（SMD = - 0.07, 95%CI: - 0.09～ - 0.05, P＜0.001）老年人抑郁状况差异具有统计学意义。祖父抚养组与祖母抚养组（SMD = - 0.32, 95%CI: - 0.40～ - 0.24, P＜0.001）;城镇抚养组与农村抚养组（SMD = - 0.23, 95%CI: - 0.30～ - 0.17, P＜0.001）抑郁状况差异具有统计学意义。结论 隔代抚养对老年人的认知功能、生活满意度及自评健康有维持和促进作用。国家、性别及地域是隔代抚养老年人抑郁状况的重要影响因素。