用ELISA检测大鼠血清中肾综合征出血热病毒特异性抗体

本研究应用单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）技术，建立了三种检测大鼠血清中肾综合征出血热病毒（ＨＦＲＳＶ）特异性抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ。通过与间接免疫荧光法（ＩＦＡＴ）对比试验发现，三种ＥＬＩＳＡ在检出大鼠血清ＨＰＲＳＶ特异性抗体的阳性率和敏感性上均明显高于ＩＦＡＴ试验，并且ＥＬＩＳＡ与ＩＦＡＴ总检出符合率为８８．５％。此外还发现由于引入小鼠抗大鼠Ｋａｐｐａ轻链ＭｃＡｂ，抗体捕捉ＥＬＩＳＡ和间接夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ具有早期诊断的特性，这些方法的建立对野生及实验动物的ＨＦＲＳＶ流行病学监测及检疫有一定价值。     

三种血清学方法对马来丝虫病监测的应用研究

目的：比较三种方法监测马来丝虫病的效果。方法：间接荧光抗体试验（ＩＦＡＴ）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、斑点－酶联吸附试验（Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）。结果：检测１９９０、１９９１、１９９４年基本消灭马来丝虫病的流行区人群血清，ＩＦＡＴ阳性率分别为２４８５％、２０３２％和８３０％；ＥＬＩＳＡ阳性率分别为２１６６％、３０３２％和１５８４％；Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ阳性率分别为３２５０％、１０９６％和１８８６％；总阳性率分别为４６６６％、３５８０％和３２０７％。结论：以ＩＦＡＴ法较为稳定，３种方法联合应用，可提高阳性率     

不同的抗原和技术检查日本血吸虫病的实验研究

应用ＣＯＰＴ／ＬＥＡ、ＩＦＡＴ／ＡＷＦＳ和ＦＡＳＴ－ＥＬＩＳＡ／ＪＡＭＡ检测系统，用单盲法检查日本血吸虫病人３４４例，华支睾吸虫病人３８例、肺吸虫病人１０例、健康人９３例。ＣＯＰＴ／ＬＥＡ、ＩＦＡＴ／ＡＷＦＳ和ＦＡＳＴ－ＥＬＩＳＡ／ＪＡＭＡ对血吸虫病的敏感性依次为９３．９％、９９．４％和９９．７％；对其它寄生虫病和健康人的特异性诊次为１００％、８２．３％和３７．６％；它们的Ｙｏｕｄｅｎ‘ｓ指数依次     

成虫冰冻切片免疫荧光法检测血吸虫病研究

应用ＡＷＦＳ／ＩＦＡＴ检测系统对１０８例血吸虫病人血清并与ＣＯＰＴ、ＬＡＴ、ＩＨＡ三种常用检测方法进行对比。结果表明：ＡＷＦＳ／ＩＦＡＴ检测系统的检测结果与ＣＯＰＴ相似，其ＡＷＦＳ／ＩＦＡＴ和ＣＯＰＴ检测血吸虫病阳性检测率９５％可信限分别为９１．４１％～９９．３３％和９４．１２％～１００．３２％。ＡＷＦＳ／ＩＦＡＴ与ＬＡＴ、ＩＨＡ均有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

安徽省肾综合征出血热沙鼠肾细胞Ⅰ型灭活疫苗免疫性及其流行 …

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＩＦＡ检测特异性抗体,ＭＣＰＥＮＴ检测中和抗体和ＨＩ,进行血清学分型。结果：选择姬鼠型疫区,接种沙鼠肾细胞Ⅰ型灭活出血热疫苗安全性较好。免疫后４２知ＨＦＲＳ．Ｖ．ＩｇＧ抗体阳性率为９６．４３％,ＧＭＴ＝３５．１８,１８０天有明显下降,加强免疫两周后阳性率达１００％,而且１２００天仍有３６．３６％人群存在１：１０（＋）抗体;ＭＣＰＥＮＴ抗体较ＩＦＡ抗体阳性率低,但疫苗免疫人群具有特异     

安徽省肾综合征出血热沙鼠肾细胞Ⅰ型灭活疫苗免疫性及其流行病学效果的考核

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＩＦＡ检测特异性抗体,ＭＣＰＥＮＴ检测中和抗体和ＨＩ,进行血清学分型。结果：选择姬鼠型疫区,接种沙鼠肾细胞Ⅰ型灭活出血热疫苗安全性较好。免疫后４２天ＨＦＲＳ．Ｖ．ＩｇＧ抗体阳性率为９６４３％,ＧＭＴ＝３５１８,１８０天有明显下降,加强免疫两周后阳性率达１００％,而且１２００天仍有３６３６％人群存在１∶１０（＋）抗体;ＭＣＰＥＮＴ抗体较ＩＦＡ抗体阳性率低,但疫苗免疫人群具有特异性回忆反应。中期流行病学防病效果接种组发病率为２３５／１０万,对照组为４２９３／１０万,保护率９４５３％。     

立刻—酶联免疫吸附试验诊断血吸虫病的研究

本研究对立刻－酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｑ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）诊断血吸虫病的特异性、敏感性、交叉反应、疗效考核及现场应用等方面进行了试验，同时与ＩＨＡ进行了比较。结果表明，Ｑ－ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断血吸虫病的特异性９７．９７％，与ＩＨＡ基本相同。检测慢性血吸虫病的敏感性为９７．０５％，其阳性检出率与感染度有关。Ｑ－ＥＬＩＳＡ的敏感性和现场应用价值优于ＩＨＡ，且具有简便、快速和微量等优点。     

酶免疫斑点试验用于钩端螺旋体病早期血清学诊断的研究

应用酶免疫斑点试验（ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）和显微镜凝集试验（ＭＡＴ）对培养钩端螺旋体（钩体）阳性的３０份早期钩端螺旋体病（钩体病）人血清进行了检测，发现ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳ人的阳性率（４０％）明显高于ＭＡＴ的阳性率（１３．３％）．同时对１９８份临床确诊为期期钩体病人的血清进行了ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＭＡＴ和血培养对照研究，证明ｄｏｔ一ＥＬＩＳＡ的阳性率（６４．６％）也明显高于血培养阳性率（１５．２％），同时也高于ＭＡＴ的阳性率（１４．１％）。随着发病时间的延长，血培养阳性率逐渐降低，ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ阳性率变化不明显。     

免疫层析法在诊断登革病毒感染中的应用

「目的」比较免疫层析法（ＩＣＴ）、膜式ＭａｃＥＬＩＳＡ和板式ＭａｃＥＬＩＳＡ在检测登革病毒感染时的敏感性和特异性。「方法」将血凝抑制试验（ＨＡＩ）检测为登革病毒感染阳性和阴性的血清标本用ＩＣＴ、膜式ＭａｃＥＬＩＳＡ和板式ＭａｃＥＬＩＳＡ进行检测,分别计算出它们的相对敏感性和相对特异性。「结果」ＩＣＴ、模式ＭａｃＥＬＩＳＡ和板式ＭａｃＥＬＩＳＡ对ＨＡＩ的相对敏感性分别是１００％、９１．４％和８８．０     

ELISA目测法检测狂犬疫苗免疫后抗体结果分析

ＥＬＩＳＡ目测法检测狂犬疫苗免疫后抗体结果分析李继堪检测人血清狂犬抗体的方法常用间接免疫荧光法（ＩＦＡＴ）和酶联免疫试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）。ＥＬＩＳＡ法具有简单、快捷、敏感、特异和重复性好等优点。１９９５年１～９月，我们用ＥＬＩＳＡ目测法检测人抗狂犬病抗...     

Comparative evaluation of direct agglutination test, rK39 and soluble antigen ELISA and IFAT for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis

Five serological tests for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were compared: a direct agglutination test (DAT) based on freeze-dried antigen (DAT-fd); a locally produced DAT (DAT-LPC); an IgG ELISA against rK39 (ELISA-rK39); an IgG ELISA for Leishmania chagasi (ELISA-L. chagasi); and an IgG IFAT against L. chagasi. Serum samples from 88 patients with VL, 20 non-infected individuals and 85 patients with others infectious diseases were evaluated. The sensitivity rates were: DAT-fd, 96.6%; DAT-LPC, 95.5%; ELISA-rK39, 88.6%; ELISA-L. chagasi, 89.8%; and IFAT, 92.0% (P>0.05). The specificity for the control groups varied from 53.3% to 100%. DAT-fd had the highest efficiency (97.4%), followed by DAT-LPC (91.7%) and ELISA-rK39 (90.7%). Our data suggest that DAT-fd, DAT-LPC and ELISA-rK39 are useful tests for the diagnosis of VL and could replace IFAT as the routine diagnostic test in Brazil.     

Evaluation of a newly developed direct agglutination test (DAT) for serodiagnosis and sero-epidemiological studies of visceral leishmaniasis: comparison with IFAT and ELISA

A newly developed direct agglutination test (DAT) for visceral leishmaniasis, IFAT and ELISA were applied to sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis, African and American trypanosomiasis, other parasitic infections and healthy controls. The sensitivities of the 3 tests were comparable (96.3% to 100%); excluding patients with African and American trypanosomiasis, the specificities of DAT and IFAT were 100% and ELISA 87.3%. When trypanosomiasis sera were included, the specificities were 72.6%, 94.3% and 79.4% in DAT, IFAT and ELISA respectively. In 273 sera from a leishmaniasis endemic area (Baringo District, Kenya), the sensitivity was 80% in DAT and IFAT and 60% in ELISA, specificities being 99.6% (DAT), 98.5% (IFAT) and 62.5% (ELISA). As the new DAT is economical and easy to perform, it is recommended for sero-epidemiological field work on visceral leishmaniasis.     

流行性出血热三种单价灭活疫苗免疫后第5年预防效果

目的 观察流行性出血热（ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃ ｈｅｍｏｒｒｈａｇｉｃ ｆｅｖｅｒ,ＥＨＦ）沙鼠肾细胞Ｉ型灭活疫苗（沙鼠苗）免疫后第５年、乳鼠脑纯化Ｉ型灭活疫苗（鼠脑苗）免疫后第４年和地鼠肾细胞Ⅱ型灭活疫苗（地鼠苗）免疫后第５年在ＥＦＨ疫区试验人群中的安全性、血清学效果和预防效果。方法 现场试验人群采用整群随机分组,分为疫苗接种组和对照组。实验室血清标本检测采用间接免疫荧光法（ＩＦＡＴ）、微量细胞病变中     

间接免疫荧光技术检测狂犬病抗体IgG

目的：研究间接免疫荧光技术在检测狂犬病抗体IgG中的应用。方法：研制狂犬病抗原片和生产荧光血清，研究间接免疫荧光技术检测狂犬病抗体IgG的灵敏度、稳定性及实际应用效果。用研制的狂犬抗原片和荧光血清，比较间接免疫荧光技术与酶标检测狂犬病抗体的效果。结果：间接免疫荧光技术检测狂犬病抗体IgG是特异、稳定的，变异系数CV=4．9％。间接免疫荧光技术与ELISA同时检测狂犬病抗体，间接免疫荧光法阳性率为92．89％，ELISA法阳性率为40．48％。结论：间接免疫荧光法测定狂犬病抗体IgG特异性、稳定性好。狂犬疫苗免疫后应用该技术检测抗体，保证免疫效果。     

免疫滴金技术检测肾综合征出血热特异性抗体的研究

[目的 ]　为探索一种更为简便、快速、特异、灵敏的肾综合征出血热 (HFRS)抗体的检测方法。　 [方法 ]　45 8例HFRS病人血清同时采用免疫滴金法 (CGIDA)与酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)对比检测特异性免疫球蛋M抗体 (抗HFRS -IgM )、间接免疫荧光法 (IFAT)对比检测特异性免疫球蛋G抗体 (抗HFRS -IgG) ,并以 2 0例发热待查、48例病毒性肝炎血清作对照。对 15 2例肾综合征出血热病人作肝功能检查。　 [结果 ]　 45 8例HFRS病人血清 ,以CGIDA法检测抗HFRS -IgM ,阳性 3 5 8例 ,与ELISA法作结果评价时 ,CGIDA灵敏度 79.9% ,特异度 10 0 % ;以CGIDA法检测抗HFRS-IgG ,阳性 3 86例 ,与IFAT法作结果评价时 ,CGIDA灵敏度 91.5 % ,特异度 10 0 %。 15 2例肝功能检查发现 86例ALT升高 ,占 5 6.6% ,胆红素升高者 3 3例 ,占 2 8.3 %。　 [结论 ]　CGIDA法检测HFRS特异性抗体分别与ELISA法及IFAT法对照 ,均有简便、快速、特异、灵敏之优点 ,检测抗HFRS -IgM ,CGIDA法敏感性差于ELISA法 ,但特异性较高 ;检测抗HFRS -IgG ,CGIDA法的灵敏度高于IFAT法。肝功能检查表明 ,肾综合征出血热并发肝损害发生率较高 ,临床表现轻 ,大多在多尿期恢复正常     

High frequency of asymptomatic Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

This study aims at estimating the prevalence of Leishmania infection among HIV-infected patients through the use of non-invasive tests. The study was conducted in three Infectious Diseases Services in two large Brazilian cities, both endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis. Three hundred and eighty-one asymptomatic patients were enrolled whose ages ranged from 19 to 58 years old; 63.5% were men; mean TCD4+ was 380 cells/μl; and mean viral load was 153800 copies/ml. All individuals were tested for Leishmania infection through: ELISA using crude Leishmania infantum (ELISA), ELISA using the recombinant K39 antigen (rK39), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and PCR targeted to kDNA region. The tests' positivity were: 10.8% (ELISA), 3.9% (IFAT), 0.8% (rK39), 6.3% PCR and 20.2% (overall, at least one positive test), with no statistical correlation between positivity and clinical and laboratorial variables. Concordance among tests was low (Kappa <0.20). Prevalence of Leishmania asymptomatic infection was high in this population, reinforcing the need for attention in the evaluation of HIV patients from endemic areas. New efforts are needed to develop more specific and sensitive tests to diagnose Leishmania asymptomatic infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) seems to have a protective role against disease progression in co-infected individuals.     

A comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test in the sero-diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Iran.

ELISA AND IFAT have been applied to the sero-diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis and the levels of leishmanial antibody detected by Leishmania donovani antigens in both tests have been compared. From the results it appears that ELISA is a little more sensitive than IFAT, but IFAT seems to be more specific in detecting leishmanial antibodies. In both tests reactions between leishmanial antigen and some other infections, such as malaria and typhoid, were observed. These non-specific reactions reduce the validity of both tests, especially ELISA, in the sero-diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis but, in visceral leishmaniasis, the leishmanial antibody levels were high enough to be unaffected by non-specific reactions. In general, ELISA is as good as IFAT and more practical in the sero-diagnosis and mass screening surveys for kala-azar.     

Evaluation of five immunodiagnostic techniques in echinococcosis patients

Double diffusion (DD), indirect haemagglutination (IHA), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), latex agglutination (LA), and complement fixation (CF) tests were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of 141 surgically-proven Turkana echinococcosis patients and 10 controls. The overall sensitivities for the tests were: IHA, 86.7%; LA, 53.3%; CF, 63.3%; DD, 55.0%; IEP, 55.0%. LA and CF tests produced a high number of false positive results; IHA gave a false positive result in 10% of cases; no false positives were obtained with IEP and DD. A combination of the latter three tests would therefore offer the best chance of detecting specific anti-Echinococcus antibodies, with an average sensitivity of 62.7%. The possible reasons for the relatively high incidence of false negative values are discussed.     

不同剂量狂犬疫苗免疫后血清学效果观察

将９１例被犬、猫等动物抓、咬伤者随机分为两组。用不同剂量的狂犬疫苗进行免疫，并应用ＩＦＡ法检测其免后血清中的抗狂犬病毒抗体水平。     

3种免疫学方法检测中学生棘球绦虫的感染现况

目的：了解甘肃省天祝县藏族中学生中棘球绦虫的感染情况。方法：用ID、IHA、ELISA试验、B超及X线对无祝县藏族中学生451名进行了包虫病流行病学调查。结果：试验3种方法所检出阳性率依次为9．5％、1．6％和9．1％。用B超和X线检查免疫学检测阳性者，发现其中有4例包虫病患者，其患病率为0．9％。结论：感染率牧区高于半农半牧及城镇；有狩猎史者阳性率显著地高于无狩猎史者；两家养羊只数量与人群阳性率呈正相关，有无家养犬及放牧史对感染棘球绦虫无显著影响。