应用折叠型游离股前外侧皮瓣修复面颊贯通性缺损12例

目的：探讨折叠型游离股前外侧皮瓣在修复面颊贯通性缺损中的临床应用效果。方法：2010年1月至2014年10月,在中山大学附属肿瘤防治中心应用折叠型游离股前外侧皮瓣修复12例面颊贯通性缺损的患者。分析获取游离股前外侧皮瓣的手术过程、血管吻合技巧以及皮瓣存活率。结果：11例皮瓣存活,1例因术后静脉血栓形成而坏死。在12例患者中,游离股前外侧皮瓣的供区均一期缝合,供区的线性瘢痕隐蔽性好,且供区大腿的功能不受影响。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣具有良好的可塑性,折叠后可同时修复面颊贯通性缺损的内侧及外侧,具有供区并发症少、外观易接受及患者满意率高的优点。     

口腔、颌面

第一原发性舌癌和鼻咽部放疗后第二原发性舌癌的比较；21例舌癌游离股翦外侧皮瓣舌再造术临床体会；外照射联合组织问擂植治疗舌癌的疗效分析；扁桃体癌近距离插植后装放射治疗疗效分析。[编者按]     

股前外侧皮瓣修复口底癌术后缺损

目的:评价股前外侧皮瓣在口底癌术后缺损修复中的应用价值.方法: 2005年3月至2007年6月,应用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣一期修复口底癌术后缺损10例.皮瓣大小为12cm×5cm至6cm×4cm.结果:10例皮瓣全部成活,外观满意.口腔功能基本恢复.随访2月到26个月,10例患者均健在.其中1例于术后6个月局部复发,再次行局部扩大切除及股前外侧皮瓣修复.结论: 吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣血管蒂长,血管口径大,供瓣区隐蔽.是一种适合口底缺损修复的游离皮瓣.     

薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复舌癌术后软组织缺损的疗效分析

目的探讨薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复舌癌术后软组织缺损的效果。方法选取90例舌癌术后软组织缺损部软组织缺损患者,根据修复方法的不同分为薄型股前外侧皮瓣、前臂桡侧游离皮瓣、小腿内侧游离皮瓣各30例。皮瓣切取平均面积为(1.2×1.5)cm^2^1.8×2.5cm^2,比较3种手术方式的有效率及舌癌术后软组织缺损修复的满意度。结果 3种手术方式有效率间没有明显差异,无统计学意义(P=0.075);薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复舌癌术后软组织缺损满意度明显优于其他方法,具有统计学意义(P=0.069)。结论对舌癌术后软组织缺损部软组织缺损患者采用不同部位的游离皮瓣修复均取得了良好的修复效果,其中薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复满意度明显高于其他方法,提高患者的康复效果。     

股前外侧皮瓣在口腔颌面部修复重建中的临床应用

目的 探讨修复各类口腔颌面部缺损时应用游离股前外侧皮瓣的可能性和实用性。方法 2011年3月至2018年12月共开展股前外侧皮瓣移植术63例，皮瓣最小面积4×6 cm，最大面积7×22 cm；修复缺损部位有舌部26例，颊部15例，口底区8例，下颌6例，口咽部3例，上颌2例，软腭2例，面部大面积缺损1例。其中，肌皮瓣55例，分叶皮瓣8例。术中一期削薄48例，其中粗修46例，精修2例。结果 游离股前外侧皮瓣的临床成活率为98.4％(62／63)。术后血管危象2例，其中1例抢救成功，失败1例，组织瓣坏死。削薄皮瓣均无坏死，无大腿皮瓣供区感染。术后患者均获得可接受的面部外形以及咀嚼、吞咽和语言功能。结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣可以很好的修复口腔颌面部各种复杂的缺损。     

游离股前外侧皮瓣修复口腔癌术后缺损的初步观察

目的 探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣在口腔癌术后缺损修复中的应用效果.方法 回顾分析2004年12月至2007年8月完成的11例游离股前外侧皮瓣移植病例.分析皮瓣的设计、皮瓣成活情况、术后并发症及影响组织瓣成活的各种因素.结果 11例游离皮瓣中,面积8 cm×5 cm至12 cm×7 cm,平均10.2 cm×6.2 cm,除1例术后14 h出现血管危象,经抢救失败后,放弃皮瓣,其余10例皮瓣全部存活.结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣在口腔癌术后缺损的修复中具有较大灵活性,组织丰实,供区隐蔽,值得临床进一步应用.     

薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复中晚期舌癌术后组织缺损的临床疗效

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复中晚期舌癌术后组织缺损的临床疗效。［方法］ 对85例中晚期舌癌术后组织缺损欲进行修复患者作为研究对象,按照修复皮瓣不同将其分为观察组与对照组,观察组43例,采用薄型股前外侧皮瓣进行修复,对照组42例,采用前臂桡侧皮瓣进行修复。对两组患者皮瓣存活率、术后并发症发生情况、舌功能恢复情况以及患者生活质量恢复情况进行比较。［结果］ 观察组患者皮瓣存活率为90.70%（39/43）,对照组为78.57%（33/42）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者受区并发症发生率无显著差异（P>0.05）,而观察组患者供区并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者在舌功能恢复情况方面比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组患者术后生活质量恢复总有效率为83.72%,对照组为52.38%,观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义,且改善率有明显差别（P<0.05）。［结论］ 薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复中晚期舌癌术后组织缺损具有良好的临床疗效及安全性,有利于患者生活质量恢复,值得临床推广应用。     

舌癌根治术后游离前臂皮瓣一期舌再造术的改进

背景与目的：舌癌根治术造成半舌缺损,严重影响患者的生存质量。术中行一期舌再造术可保证手术创面的Ⅰ期愈合,使患者的吞咽及语言功能早日恢复,然而游离皮瓣再造舌时常发生的血管危象问题一直阻碍着这项手术的广泛开展。本文报告在应用游离前臂皮瓣行一期舌再造术中所做的一些改进方法,旨在提高其成功率。方法：对32例舌鳞癌患者在根治术中应用游离前臂皮瓣行一期舌再造,在皮瓣设计、制备和血管吻合等方面加以改进。结果：术后口腔和颈部创面均一期愈合,无涎瘘、乳糜漏、口底颌下瘘和感染等并发症发生;术后出现血管危象6例,5例抢救成功,1例失败,最终放弃皮瓣,移植成活率为96．9％。再造舌外形大部分良好,语言和吞咽功能恢复良好。结论：改进的游离前臂皮瓣舌再造术再造舌的成功率较高。     

应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复头颈部软组织缺损

背景与目的：股前外侧皮瓣（ALT）对供区创伤小,有独特优点,但目前临床应用还不常见。本文探讨应用ALT皮瓣修复头颈部软组织缺损的临床价值。方法：回顾2004年11月至2008年5月期间于中山大学肿瘤医治中心20例应用ALT皮瓣修复重建头颈部软组织缺损的病例资料。总结皮瓣切取的技术细节。报告术中解剖和成功率。结果：20例游离股前外侧皮瓣修复头颈部软组织缺损均获成功。ALT皮瓣血管蒂长介于5～14cm,平均9．9cm。切取的面积介于（4～9cm）×（6～16cm）。皮肤穿支的解剖类型分为肌间隔穿支4例（占20％）,肌皮穿支16例（占80％）。股前外侧皮瓣用于修复的头颈部缺损包括口腔内黏膜缺损14例（其中修复舌体及口底9例、口颊黏膜3例、硬腭1例、以及磨牙后区黏膜1例）．面部及颈部皮肤缺损6例。皮瓣供区除1例以外均可一期缝合。结论：股前外侧皮瓣是头颈部各种软组织缺损修复重建中一个很有价值和应用潜力的供区,具有成功率高,对供区影响小的特点。     

股前外侧皮瓣在外阴肿瘤术后的修复应用

目的：评价股前外侧皮瓣在外阴肿瘤术后缺损修复中的应用价值。方法：应用带旋股外侧动脉降支和股前外侧皮神经为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣一期修复外阴肿瘤术后缺损１０例,皮瓣大小为１０ｃｍ×１４ｃｍ～１４ｃｍ×２０ｃｍ。结果：１０例皮瓣全部成活,随访２～１２个月,外观满意,皮瓣感觉功能存在,局部肿瘤无复发。结论：股前外侧皮瓣血管蒂长,血管口径大,供瓣区隐蔽。带感觉神经的股前外侧皮瓣是一种适合外阴肿瘤术后缺损修复的理想皮瓣。     

股前外侧肌皮瓣在舌根缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨股前外侧肌皮瓣修复舌根缺损的效果。方法 应用股前外侧肌皮瓣修复舌根鳞癌术后缺损一例，术后随访。结果 术后创口一期愈合，一年后随访舌体外形良好，吞咽及语言功能满意。结论 该肌皮瓣动脉血管蒂恒定、皮下脂肪较厚，适于修复舌根软组织缺损；皮瓣血管口径较大．易于吻合；供区隐蔽，取瓣方便。     

Use of the double-paddle anterolateral thigh flap for locally advanced tongue carcinoma requiring second site reconstruction

BackgroundAdvanced oral tongue carcinoma can present with extension beyond the oral cavity. Operative defects after resection may involve multiple anatomical sites and significantly impact speech and swallowing. Dependence on long-term enteral feeding is not uncommon for these patients. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is one of the most reliable and flexible flaps used in the reconstruction of total and subtotal tongue defects. The double-paddle flap modification may be a more suitable option for complex oral tongue defects after advanced tumor ablation.MethodsCase series of 31 patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma that were classified as stage IV. The age of patients ranged from 32 to 63 years. We designed the double-paddle ALT flaps to reconstruct the two-site surgical defects (tongue defect and pharynx or neck skin defect). Postoperative viability of the flap was checked by clinical observation. The last examination was performed at 3-months after the completion of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The functional capacity of our patients was evaluated by three physicians (Head and Neck Surgeon, Radiation Oncologist, and Physiatrist) using a Speech Intelligibility Score and the Functional Oral Intake Scale.ResultsA total of 31 patients with surgical defects after total or subtotal tongue resection for cancer underwent double-paddle ALT flaps for reconstruction from March 2018 to December 2019. The dimension of flaps from 8 × 12 cm to 10 × 18 cm were divided into double-paddle from 8 × 5 cm to 10 × 10 cm. There was one case of pedicle thrombosis, one case of postoperative bleeding, three cases of neck infection, and six cases of salivary fistula. Our patients were seen in follow up from 6 to 36 months, with median follow-up of 23.5 months. The survival rate of ALT flap was 100%. All of our patients achieved an oral diet by 9 months after surgery. The mean score speech intelligibility was 2.74 ± 0.68 (4-point ordinal scale). The 2-year disease-free survival rate was 61.3%.ConclusionsThe double-paddle ALT flap is a reliable flap suitable for oral defects involving multiple subsites after ablative procedures. The majority of patients demonstrated acceptable functional rehabilitation.Clinical question/ level of evidenceTherapeutic, IV.     

Single perforator based anterolateral thigh flap for reconstruction of large composite defects of oral cavity

Composite defects of oral cavity are a reconstructive challenge. Anterolateral thigh flap provides large and pliable tissue for reconstruction of these defects. However, wide variations in the vascular anatomy, variable perforator number and location are reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of single perforator based large anterolateral thigh for reconstruction of complex oral cavity defects following ablative surgery. We report a series of 25 consecutive patients who underwent reconstruction of oral cavity defects with anterolateral thigh flap based on single perforator between August 2009 and August 2010. The mean flap dimension was 261cm(2) (range 80-540cm(2)). In 21 patients the flap was bi-paddled and used for inner and outer lining for cheek. None of the flaps developed perforator insufficiency. Two flaps were lost due to delayed neck wound sepsis after 7th post operative day. This study establishes safety and reliability of using a large and/or bi-paddled anterolateral thigh flap based on single perforator for reconstruction of complex oral cavity defects.     

多种组织瓣在口颊缺损重建中的应用

背景与目的：合理采用组织瓣进行口颊缺损重建,可以扩大口颊癌手术指征,改善患者的生存质量,延长患者生命。本研究目的是探讨组织瓣重建口颊缺损的指征,不同组织瓣的选择以及重建的手术技巧。方法：2005年9月至2007年8月间共行26例组织瓣重建口颊缺损手术,其中单纯口颊粘膜切除8例;口颊大型缺损18例,其中包括口颊面部皮肤洞穿切除11例,口颊、皮肤以及口角全缺损切除7例。26例患者中有7例行腮腺导管切除。胸大肌肌皮瓣转移重建5例,游离前臂桡侧皮瓣重建11例,游离股前外侧皮瓣6例,胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣4例。8例患者行术后放疗,剂量为66～70Gy。结果：围术期无死亡病例,1例皮瓣坏死,为游离前臂皮瓣重建病例;1例皮瓣部分坏死,为胸大肌肌皮瓣重建病例。皮瓣成功率为96．2％（25／26）。1例伤口积液,为涎腺瘘。所有患者均随访1-3年,7例复发患者中4例为原发灶复发,3例为颈部淋巴结复发。随访期间2例患者死亡,均为原发灶局部复发者。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣和游离前臂皮瓣是重建口颊大型缺损的良好皮瓣,是大于4cm的口颊缺损的首选：胸大肌肌皮瓣可作为口颊大型缺损重建的备用皮瓣;小于4cm的口颊缺损可选用胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣。     

各种皮瓣在足底负重区恶性黑色素瘤术后缺损修复中的应用

目的：探讨足底内侧皮瓣、局部逆行岛状皮辫、外踝上穿支皮瓣、内踝上穿支皮瓣和游离股前外侧皮瓣修复足底负重区恶性黑色素瘤广泛切除术后缺损的优缺点。方法：浙江省肿瘤医院骨和软组织肿瘤外科2010-01-13-2013-12～25收治的23例足底负重区皮肤恶性黑色素瘤患者,进行原发灶广泛切除后分别采用足底内侧皮瓣、局部逆行岛状皮瓣、外踝上穿支皮瓣、内踝上穿支皮瓣及游离股前外侧皮瓣进行修复,对其临床资料和随访结果进行分析。结果：术后缺损面积为4cm×4cm～11cm×9cm,切取皮瓣面积5cmX5cm～12cm×10cm。14倒足底内侧皮瓣全部成活,其中皮瓣最大切取面积为7cm×7cm。1例局部逆行岛状皮瓣出现小部分坏死,二期愈合,4例外踝上及内踝上穿支皮瓣全部成活,其中皮瓣最大切取面积为12cm×10cm。4例游离股前外侧皮瓣中,3例成活,1例皮瓣出现远端部分浅表性坏死,经换药后愈合。所有患者无继发性渍疡出现,患足均可无痛行走。2例行足底内侧皮瓣修复术后出现局部复发。结论：各种皮瓣修复足底黑色素瘤术后缺损均可获得较好疗效,对较小足根部的缺损（直径〈8cm）首选足底内侧皮瓣,较大的缺损可采用内外踝上穿支皮瓣,有显微外科条件的可考虑游离股前外侧皮瓣修复局部皮瓣不能覆盖的缺损。     

Surgical therapy of vulvar cancer: how to choose the correct reconstruction?

ObjectiveTo create a comprehensive algorithmic approach to reconstruction after vulvar cancer ablative surgery, which includes both traditional and perforator flaps, evaluating anatomical subunits and shape of the defect.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 80 cases of reconstruction after vulvar cancer ablative surgery, performed between June 2006 and January 2016, transferring 101 flaps. We registered the possibility to achieve the complete wound closure, even in presence of very complex defects, and the postoperative complications. On the basis of these experience, analyzing the choices made and considering the complications, we developed an algorithm to help with the selection of the flap in vulvoperineal reconstruction after oncologic ablative surgery for vulvar cancer.ResultsWe employed eight types of different flaps, including 54 traditional fasciocutaneous V-Y flaps, 23 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps, 11 anterolateral thigh flaps, three V-Y gracilis myocutaneous flaps, three free style perforators V-Y flaps from the inner thigh, two Limberg flaps, two lotus flaps, two deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap, and one superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap. The structures most frequently involved in resection were vulva, perineum, mons pubis, groins, vagina, urethra and, more rarely, rectum, bladder, and lower abdominal wall.ConclusionThe algorithm we implemented can be a useful tool to help flap selection. The key points in the decision-making process are: anatomical subunits to be covered, overall shape and symmetry of the defect and some patient features such as skin laxity or previous radiotherapy. Perforator flaps, when feasible, must be considered standard in vulvoperineal reconstruction, although in some cases traditional flaps remain the best choice.     

侧斜方肌肌皮瓣修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损的初步探索

目的探索侧斜方肌肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤术后缺损中的作用及其优缺点。方法自2005年6月至2006年6月共采用带蒂侧斜方肌肌皮瓣移植修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损6例,其中舌根癌3例,鼻咽癌放疗后颈淋巴结复发累及皮肤3例,观察肌皮瓣的存活情况、组织移植后功能状态和肿瘤控制的近期疗效。结果全部肌皮瓣存活,无手术并发症,舌根缺损修复后进食、咀嚼、发音均满意,颈部缺损修复后外形满意,无垂肩畸形;全部病例随访6～18个月,1例舌根癌术后6个月死于肿瘤复发,1例鼻咽癌放疗后复发者术后6个月复发,挽救治疗中,其余4例均无瘤生存至今。结论侧斜方肌肌皮瓣可以安全地应用于舌根、颈部缺损修复;手术方便,对供区影响小是该皮瓣的优点;颈横静脉缺如偶有存在,确保充足的静脉回流是手术成功的关键。