超声对诊断乳腺恶性淋巴瘤的价值

目的评价超声诊断乳腺恶性淋巴瘤的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院17例乳腺恶性淋巴瘤的超声表现,所有病例均经病理证实。结果本组病例均为女性。肿块大小0.7～5.5cm,14例可见明确肿块,3例表现为乳腺结构紊乱呈弥漫性低回声团而无明确肿块边界。多数肿块呈形态不规则低回声,内伴有条索状高回声,肿块边界不清,边缘不光整,后方回声增强,彩色多普勒显示血流信号较丰富。结论乳腺恶性淋巴瘤具有一定的超声特征,对该病的诊断具有一定的临床价值。     

超声对乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的声像图特点和超声诊断价值。方法：回顾分析12例经手术病理证实的乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的声像图表现；观察病变的部位、大小、形态、边界、内部与后方回声、有无液化和钙化；利用彩色多普勒超声观察肿块内部及周边的血流分布情况。结果：乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的二维声像图表现为：体积较大的分叶状肿块，边界多清晰、规则，内部以实性低回声为主，回声可不均匀，部分见有散在的无回声区，少有钙化，后方回声增强。所有肿块的内部和／或周边均可探及血流信号。彩色多普勒超声在判断肿瘤的病理分级方面价值有限。结论：超声对乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的定性诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

彩超对乳腺肿块的诊断分析

目的：回顾性分析了43倒乳腺肿块二维声像图和彩色多谱勒血流表现，探讨乳腺肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：使用Aloka5000型彩色多谱勒超声诊断仪，对43例临床拟诊乳腺肿块的患者进行检查诊断，分析其二维图象表现、血流分布信息及血流动力学改变。结果在乳腺肿块声像图诊断中，肿块后方回声及肿块边界特征是鉴别良、恶性肿块的关键。本组大多数恶性肿块后方伴有明显衰减，肿块形态不规则，边界不清内部回声低且不均匀，彩色多谱勒检出丰富血流信号。良性肿块后方无衰减。部分后方回声增强，肿块边界光整，内部回声均匀，彩色多谱勒多无明显血流信号。结论：彩超在乳腺良、恶性肿块的诊断中，具有重要的鉴别诊断价值及较大的临床应用价值。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的超声诊断(附33例分析)

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的声像图特点和超声诊断价值,以提高诊断水平。方法回顾分析33例经手术病理证实的乳腺叶状肿瘤患者,观察其超声的声像图表现:病变的部位、大小、形态、边界、内部回声与后方回声、有无液化和钙化,利用彩色多普勒超声观察肿块内部及周边的血流分布情况。结果 33例乳腺叶状肿瘤中,良性12例,交界性12例,恶性9例。乳腺叶状肿瘤的二维声像图表现:体积较大的分叶状肿块,边界清晰、规则,内部以实性低回声为主,回声大部分均匀,部分可见散在的无回声区,无或少有钙化,后方回声增强,所有肿块的内部和/或周边均可探及血流信号。结论超声对乳腺叶状肿瘤的定性诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

乳腺乳头腺瘤的超声表现

目的:探讨乳腺乳头腺瘤的高频超声图像特征.材料和方法:回顾性分析7例经术后病理证实的乳腺乳头腺瘤的超声图像资料.在灰阶声像图上观察病灶形状、大小、边界、内部回声及后方回声.应用彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)观察病灶内部及周围血流分布和供应情况.结果:6例乳腺乳头腺瘤声像图表现为乳头内圆形或椭圆形低回声结节,境界清楚,后方回声增强,彩色多普勒显示结节内少量血流或边缘血流.1例位于左乳乳头后方低回声结节,边界清晰,周边见薄的包膜回声,彩色多普勒显示其内中等量的血流信号.结论:乳腺乳头腺瘤是一种少见的乳腺良性肿瘤,超声检查有助于乳腺乳头腺瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

乳腺囊内乳头状癌的声像图特征

目的:探讨乳腺囊内乳头状癌的高频声像图特征及其鉴别诊断。方法:回顾性分析11例经术后病理证实的乳腺囊内乳头状癌资料,超声观察病灶形态、大小、边界、内部回声、后方回声,以及病灶内及周围血流情况。结果:乳腺囊内乳头状癌声像图表现为边界清楚,囊壁上乳头状突起,形态不规则,基底部较宽,可有厚分隔,后方回声增强,彩色多普勒显示囊内实质结节内血流较丰富或边缘血流等特征。结论:乳腺囊内乳头状癌的超声表现具有一定的特征,有助于乳腺囊内乳头状癌的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

高频彩色多普勒超声诊断与鉴别诊断阴囊肿块的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对阴囊肿块的诊断与鉴别诊断价值.材料和方法:对34例阴囊肿块行彩色多普勒超声检查,恶性病变23 例,良性病变11例,分析恶性病变及良性病变的超声声像图特征.结果:恶性病变声像图特征是睾丸形态失常,体积增大,肿瘤呈低回声(15/23)或不均匀混合回声(8/23),边界不清楚,CDFI显示肿块周边和内部血流丰富,呈条状或树枝状血流.良性病变声像图特征是睾丸大小形态常正常,病变多呈低回声,边界清楚,形态规整,CDFI显示病变内血流信号较少(8/11)或无血流信号(3/11).超声对阴囊肿块性质的诊断准确率88.2%(30/34),与手术和穿刺病理结果无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:彩色多普勒超声对阴囊肿块诊断与鉴别诊断有较高的临床应用价值.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤高频超声特征的对比分析

目的:探讨高频超声对乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的诊断价值。方法:对术前行高频彩色多普勒超声检查、并经手术病理证实的48例乳腺叶状肿瘤和128例纤维腺瘤的超声声像图和临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果:高频超声声像图显示2组在肿瘤形状、内部回声、有无钙化及无回声区、后方回声、血流信号分级方面差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高频超声声像图示肿块呈欠规则或不规则形,内部回声不均匀,见钙化及无回声区,后方回声增强,彩色血流分级呈Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,均视为乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的鉴别要点。     

彩色多普勒超声鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的临床价值

目的：研究乳腺良恶性肿瘤的声像图彩色多普勒血流的表现,探讨彩色多普勒超声在鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤中的实用价值。方法：对68例经病理确诊患者的声像图资料,结合病理进行综合分析。结果：乳腺良恶性肿瘤在测量值的纵横比、形态、边界、包膜、内部回声、后方衰减、回声的类型、钙化、腋窝淋巴结、血流的分级、血流形态等均存在显著差异。结论：根据乳腺良恶性肿瘤的彩超特点及病理进行综合分析,具有较高的诊断价值。     

肾上腺淋巴瘤的超声诊断

目的探讨肾上腺淋巴瘤的超声声像图特点,评价超声对该病的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析12例经病理证实的肾上腺淋巴瘤患者的超声表现,评估病变的大小、形态、边界、内部回声及血流情况。结果 12例患者中,9例为双侧受累,3例为单侧,共21个病灶。病灶大小3.1～12.7cm,平均(7.8±3.7)cm。肿块形态呈不规则形12个,呈椭圆形或类圆形7个,呈肾上腺弥漫性增厚表现2个,类似于肾上腺增生。肿块内部主要表现为低回声,内部回声均匀12个,回声不均匀9个,其中4个内部可见条状高回声,3个内部可见片状无回声区。肿块边界清晰16个,边界不清5个。彩色多普勒血流显像示大部分病灶血流信号稀少或无明显血流信号。结论肾上腺淋巴瘤超声声像图表现具有一定的特征性,超声检查有助于与肾上腺其他肿瘤鉴别。     

超声诊断皮下脂肪瘤的的临床价值分析

目的探讨高频超声在诊断皮下脂肪瘤的价值。方法采用高频探头对42例患皮下脂肪瘤者进行检查与诊断,经手术切除后病检来证实。结果皮下脂肪层内见高回声、中高回声、低回声或混合性肿块,大小不等,边界较清,高回声肿块较小,多发,内部回声均匀,低回声肿块较大,内部回声不均匀,低回声内可见线状或短线状高回声,极大脂肪瘤,多呈混合性。上述肿块后方回声无衰减,内部未探及明显血流信号或周边见星点状血流信号。结论高频超声对浅表组织的分辨率高、敏感性好,操作简单、便捷经济无创伤性。     

Granulomatous mastitis: radiological findings

Purpose: To evaluate the radiological, ultrasonographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.

Material and Methods: Between April 2002 and June 2005, the mammography, ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, nonenhanced MR, and dynamic MR findings of nine patients with the preliminary clinical diagnosis of malignancy and the final diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis were evaluated.

Results: On mammography, asymmetrical focal densities with no distinct margins, ill-defined masses with spiculated contours, and bilateral multiple ill-defined nodules were seen. On ultrasound, in four patients a discrete, heterogenous hypoechoic mass, in two patients multiple abscesses, in one patient bilateral multiple central hypo peripheral hyperechoic lesions, in two patients heterogeneous hypo- and hyperechoic areas together with parenchymal distortion, and in one patient irregular hypoechoic masses with tubular extensions and abscess cavities were seen. Five of the lesions were vascular on color Doppler ultrasound. On MR mammography, the most frequent finding was focal or diffuse asymmetrical signal intensity changes that were hypointense on T1W images and hyperintense on T2W images, without significant mass effect. Nodular lesions were also seen. On dynamic contrast-enhanced mammography, mass-like enhancement, ring-like enhancement, and nodular enhancement were seen. The time-intensity curves differed from patient to patient and from lesion to lesion.

Conclusion: The imaging findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis have a wide spectrum, and they are inconclusive for differentiating malignant and benign lesions.     

超声检查对甲状腺微小乳头状癌的诊断价值

目的通过对28例甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者的术前超声表现进行回顾性分析,探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌的二维声像图和彩色多普勒特征。方法观察结节的超声表现,包括内部回声、有无钙化及钙化的特点、边界、形状、血流信号、有无侵犯被膜及颈部淋巴结转移等。结果 9例单发结节具有典型的甲状腺癌超声图像特征;4例单发结节仅表现为边界清,形态尚规则,低回声,内部回声均匀,血流稀少;15例多发结节中5例仅表现为边界清,形态规则,中等或偏低回声,8例内部可见微小钙化灶,血流较丰富,2例内部可见粗大或弧形的钙化灶。结论高频超声具有准确、实时、方便、价格低廉,尤其适用于随访观察,超声检查对甲状腺微小乳头状癌具有重要的诊断价值。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断特殊类型乳腺癌的应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断特殊类型乳腺癌的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析7例经手术、病理证实为特殊类型乳腺癌各型的声像图及彩色多普勒血流表现。结果：炎性乳腺癌病变广泛，图像表现多样化，呈多发性或巨大肿块，内部为混合性或实性改变。双侧乳腺癌、哺乳期乳腺癌及男性乳腺癌图像有典型的恶性肿瘤特征，乳腺派杰氏病早期腺体内无局限性病灶。结论：彩色多普勒超声对炎性乳癌、双侧乳腺癌、哺乳期乳腺癌及男性乳腺癌的诊断有重要价值。乳腺派杰氏病早期确诊主要依赖于病理检查。     

腔内彩色多普勒技术诊断直肠良、恶性肿瘤的价值

目的: 探讨腔内彩色多普勒超声技术在直肠肿瘤诊断中的应用价值.材料和方法: 应用腔内彩色多普勒超声技术及彩色血管能量成像(CPA)检测65例直肠癌和13例直肠腺瘤患者,分析肿瘤超声表现及血供,测量瘤内动脉收缩期峰值速度(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI).结果: 腺瘤肠壁层次清晰,肿瘤多为高回声,直肠癌正常肠壁层次消失,肿瘤为低回声.直肠癌频谱为高阻型,直肠腺瘤为低阻型.结论: 直肠肿瘤的超声表现及血液动力学特征有助于良恶性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别.     

肾细胞癌的螺旋CT诊断及超声的协同作用

目的研究肾癌的螺旋CT诊断,探讨超声的协同作用。资料与方法对可疑肾癌的病例进行前瞻性研究。结果74例共76个癌灶(2例为双肾肾癌),CT增强扫描肿瘤明显强化50个,轻、中度强化25个,无强化1个。B超表现为低、等和高回声。41例行彩超检查,显示肾癌血供丰富23例,血流稀少14例,无血流信号4例。7例行超声血管造影,肿瘤均明显强化。结论螺旋CT能在术前对各类多血供肾癌作出正确诊断,但对少数轻度强化的肾癌特别是合并大量出血的肾癌诊断有困难,而超声往往能发挥特殊作用。     

Molecular markers,pathology, and ultrasound features of invasive breast cancer

IntroductionUltrasound is commonly used in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. The use of ultrasound features to predict the subtypes of invasive breast cancer is of great clinical significance, since it facilitates a fast and early diagnosis and treatment. The correlation between breast lesion ultrasound features and the breast cancer subtypes requires further investigation.Methods388 patients with invasive breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed by two sonographers. The tumor size, shape, margin, echogenicity, echotexture, posterior echo attenuation microcalcification, and blood vessel density were recorded. The correlation between the tumor ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 status, the molecular subtypes, and the ultrasound features was analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression.ResultsER and PR positivity were correlated with a low histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, and smaller-sized tumors. A hyperechoic or a mixed echogenicity was rare in the tumors of all groups but was enriched in the ER and PR tumors (9.57% and 7.64%, respectively, p < 0.01). A high percentage of posterior echo attenuation was found in the Ki67 low (53.94%) and ER+ (51.28%) tumors. Furthermore, heterogeneous and microcalcifications were enriched in HER2-positive tumors. In terms of the molecular subtypes, the luminal A subtype group had the lowest lymph node positivity and the smallest primary tumor size. The luminal B subtype had the lowest percentage of hyperechoic or mixed tumors. The HER2 subtype was positively correlated with microcalcification. Finally, TNBC showed the highest percentage of hyperechoic or mixed tumors and the lowest percentage of posterior echo attenuation and microcalcification.ConclusionTumor pathologic and ultrasound features were correlated with invasive breast tumor molecular marker positivity and its molecular subtypes.     

Primary malignant lymphoma of the breast

Primary malignant lymphoma of the breast is a rare tumor. Recently, we encountered a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the breast and present here the mammographic and ultrasonographic (US) findings with the pathology of this rare breast tumor. The patient was a 47-year-old woman with a left breast mass. Mammography showed a 3.0 × 1.5 cm, lobulated high-density mass with well-defined margins. US revealed a lobulated mass with fairly well-defined borders, hypoechoic and heterogenous internal echoes, and posterior acoustic enhancement. It was difficult to differentiate malignant lymphoma from breast carcinoma by imaging studies. This type of breast cancer should be added to a differential diagnosis when a solitary tumor is found in the breast on mammography.