大肠息肉的内镜特点及病理分析

对142例大肠息肉的临床、内镜及病理特点进行了回顾性分析。现报告如下。1临床资料收集该院2006年5月~2007年5月结肠镜检查患者,镜下发现息肉142例,共198枚。其中男85例,女57例,年龄12~74岁,平均47岁。临床表现为便血(占80.2%)、黏液便、腹痛、腹泻等,部分患者同时存在多种症状。息肉的分布定位为4个主要的解剖部位:①右半结肠:盲肠和升结肠;②横结肠:肝曲、横结肠、脾曲;③左半结肠;降结肠、乙状结肠;④直肠:直肠和肛管。多发性:病变累及上述2个或以上部位。2结果2.1内镜下表现病变部位:右半结肠20枚(10.10%)、横结肠15枚(7.57%)、左半结肠…     

小儿结肠息肉的内镜诊断及治疗

为探讨结肠镜检查对小儿下消化道出血的诊断及经内镜高频电凝切除术对小儿结肠息肉的治疗价值,23例下消化道出血的小儿接受了肠镜检查并应用内镜高频电凝切除术切除所有结肠息肉,结果显示:23例小儿下消化道出血的病因均为结肠息肉.本组病例中共发现并切除结肠息肉29个,其中直肠、乙状结肠息肉占72.4%(21/29);单发息肉占87.0%(20/23).病理学检查显示:幼年性息肉占69.2%(20/29);炎性息肉占20.7%(5/29);脉瘤性息肉占10.3%(3/29).所有病例均未发生出血、穿孔等严重并发症.作者认为:明确小儿下消化道出血的原因最好的方法是结肠镜检查,经内镜高频电凝切除术是治疗小儿结肠息肉安全有效的方法.     

结肠镜下诊治儿童结直肠息肉的临床回顾性研究

目的回顾性分析结肠镜下诊治儿童结直肠息肉的临床案例,分析其临床特点及治疗效果。方法 84例结直肠息肉患儿资料,统计分析临床症状、息肉特征,给予结肠镜下电凝切除术治疗,术后随访1年半,统计治疗有效率、并发症发生率及复发率。结果儿童结直肠息肉患儿便血发生率100%、息肉乙状结肠分布率38.39%、直肠分布率45.54%、大息肉发生率58.93%、幼年型息肉发生率72.62%、单发型息肉发生率75.00%,较其他临床特征、息肉特征发生率高(P0.05);治疗总有效率为100%,术后并发症发生率7.14%,随访1年半复发率为3.57%,均行二次结肠镜下电凝切除术治疗痊愈。结论便血是儿童结直肠息肉就诊的主要指征,息肉多位于直肠、乙状结肠,以幼年型、大息肉、单发为主要特征,采取结肠镜下息肉切除术治疗,疗效显著,安全性高,复发率低。     

结肠镜检查者临床症状对结直肠息肉和癌的提示作用

背景:通过结肠镜检查发现并治疗结直肠息肉,对结直肠癌的预防至关重要。目的:分析结肠镜检查者的临床症状对结直肠息肉和癌的提示作用,为结肠镜筛查受检者的选择提供参考。方法:2366例接受结肠镜检查者纳入研究,采集其就诊时症状、病变部位、病变性质等信息,分析结直肠息肉和癌的检出率以及不同临床症状与疾病风险和病变部位的相关性。结果2 366例受检者中,结直肠息肉和癌的检出率分别为20.5%和5.4%,有临床症状者检出率显著高于无症状者(息肉:24.2%对4.5%,癌:6.4%对0.9%,P均=0.000)。以腹泻(OR=1.213)、便血(OR=2.076)、粪便性状改变(OR=1.503)为首要症状者的结直肠息肉检出率显著增高(P均0.05),以腹痛(OR=1.568)、便血(OR=2.837)、粪便性状改变(OR=2.206)、里急后重感(OR=1.735)为首要症状者的结直肠癌检出率显著增高(P均0.05)。以便血、粪便性状改变、里急后重感为首要症状者病变主要分布于直肠或左半结肠(P均0.05)。结论:腹泻、便血、粪便性状改变与结直肠息肉风险有关,腹痛、便血、粪便性状改变、里急后重感与结直肠癌风险有关,对有上述症状者强烈推荐行结肠镜检查。     

高频电凝切除治疗小儿肠息肉58例的体会

大肠息肉是小儿便血最常见的病因之一.我院自2000年6月～2007年3月对58例结肠息肉患儿应用电子结肠镜高频电凝切除,效果满意.现总结报告如下.     

结肠镜二次进镜法对结直肠息肉检出率的影响

[目的]总结结肠镜二次进镜法的操作方法，探讨其安全性、时间效益及对结直肠息肉检出率的影响。[方法]选取行无痛肠镜检查的846例患者，采用随机数字表法，分为二次进镜法组和常规组，每组423例，比较2组患者检查过程中血压、心率、呼吸及血氧饱和度的差异、操作时间(进镜时间、退镜时间)及在二次进镜法组中发现息肉数目及特征(数目、位置、部位、大小、形态、病理类型)。运用Logistic回归分析，分析结直肠息肉漏诊的独立影响因素。[结果]二次进镜法组和常规组患者在检查过程中血压、心率、呼吸及血氧饱和度比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);二次进镜法的第2次进镜及退镜时间与常规组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二次进镜法对多发性息肉、小息肉、升结肠息肉、横结肠息肉、乙状结肠息肉和无蒂息肉有更高的检出率(P<0.05),结直肠息肉病理类型与漏诊无关(P>0.05);多因素分析结果显示多发息肉、小息肉、升结肠息肉、横结肠息肉、乙状结肠息肉及无蒂息肉均是息肉漏诊的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。[结论]二次进镜法安全、可有效的提高息肉的检出率，结直肠息肉的发生形式、大小...     

乙状结肠镜及气钡双重造影正常患者轻度结肠炎的结肠镜诊断

本文报道8例有腹泻、腹痛或便血等症状的患者,乙状结肠镜和气钡双重造影检查均正常,再作结肠镜和直肠活组织检查发现组织学上有炎症性肠病的轻微病变。 X线对结肠炎的漏诊往往是由于检查技术水平或阅片经验不足所致,因此,作者在本研究中特设立了两个对照组,每组10人;一组是息肉摘除术后其乙状结肠     

电子结肠镜介入治疗小儿大肠息肉的应用价值分析

目的观察分析电子结肠镜介入治疗小儿大肠息肉的应用价值。方法选择2015年1月至2016年12月湖北医药学院附属东风医院收治的大肠息肉患儿74例,所有患儿均行电子结肠镜介入治疗,观察患儿临床治疗效果。结果 74例大肠息肉患儿中,男孩48例,女孩26例,平均年龄(7. 4±1. 2)岁;平均息肉直径(0. 9±0. 2) cm;临床表现:无明显症状8例(10. 81%),便秘19例(25. 68%),便血23例(31. 08%),腹痛31例(41. 89%),腹泻20例(27. 02%),黏液便14例(18. 92%)经病理检查,发现小儿息肉患儿以管状腺瘤较多见,其次为炎性息肉、混合性腺瘤及绒毛状腺瘤,其中绒毛状腺瘤最少;经电子结肠镜检查发现息肉多发于直肠、乙状结肠处,其他部位可见于降结肠、横结肠、肝柱;小儿息肉形态多以卵圆形及球形为主,少数呈分叶状,息肉形状包括蒂型、亚蒂型和无蒂型;而息肉直径在0. 5～1. 0 cm患儿45例(60. 81%),直径 1. 0 cm患儿较少,29例(39. 19%)。所有患儿均成功切除息肉,切除率为100. 00%。术后出现肠出血3例(4. 05%),出现肠穿孔1例(1. 35%)。出院后6个月返院复查均未发现原部位再生息肉,而出现其他部位再生小体积息肉5例(6. 76%)。结论电子结肠镜介入治疗小儿大肠息肉,临床诊治效果佳,切除成功率高,并发症少,且术后复发率低,可作为临床治疗小儿大肠息肉的主要手段。     

CT仿真结肠镜在结直肠病变诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨评估CT仿真结肠镜(CT Virtual Colonscopy,CTVC)在结肠息肉、结肠癌、溃疡性结肠炎、结肠黑变病中的检出能力，初步评阶其在结直肠病灶中的临床应用前景。方法对44例病人行CTVC检查，并与全结肠镜、病理结果进行对比研究。结果CTVC对结肠癌、结肠息肉具有较高辨别力，成功检出了全部10例结肠癌，并得到病理证实。10mm以上结直肠息肉CTVC与结肠镜都做出了正确诊断，CTVC发现5～10mm息肉14枚，＜5mm息肉CTVC仅发现2枚；CCTV发现2例。溃疡性结肠炎，结肠黑变病未检出。结论CTVC在结直肠癌和＞5mm以上结直肠息肉样病变诊断上具有较高的临床应用价值。     

内镜下诊治结肠息肉373例临床分析

目的了解祁门县地区结肠息肉的发病情况、临床特征以及诊治情况。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2015年12月在黄山市祁门县人民医院就诊并接受肠镜检查的1 959例患者,对内镜诊断为结肠息肉的373例患者以及其中接受结肠镜下息肉切除治疗的201例患者的临床资料、病理资料进行分析。结果 1 959例接受结肠镜检查的患者中有373例检出结肠息肉,息肉检出率为19.04%,男性多见,男女比为1.66∶1,平均发病年龄为(55.56±12.71)岁;结肠息肉以单发、山田分型Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型为多见;息肉大小以1.5 cm为多见;好发部位是直肠及乙状结肠;病理分型以腺瘤性息肉为主。201例患者共切除息肉335枚,所有患者均顺利切除,术中部分患者有出血,采用钛夹等内镜下措施成功补救,未出现严重的并发症;201例息肉切除患者中有59例完成了内镜随访检查,随访率为29.4%,随访时间为3个月~4年。59例随访的患者中有10例出现复发,复发率为16.9%。结论内镜下治疗是目前结肠息肉的主要治疗方法,其操作简单、创伤小、并发症少,是一种安全、有效、易行的治疗方法,值得在基层医院推广。息肉切除术后易复发,需重视息肉切除后的密切随访。     

Colonoscopic evaluation of hematochezia in low and average risk patients for colorectal cancer： A prospective study

INTRODUCTION Hematochezia def ined as a chronic intermittent passage of a small amount of bright red blood from the rectum is a clinical problem frequently found in adults of all ages. Its prevalence in the apparently healthy general population is between…     

Lack of colonic neoplastic lesions in patients under 50 yr of age with hematochezia: a multicenter prospective study

OBJECTIVES: It is still not clear what is the best way of evaluating rectal bleeding in young people. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of neoplastic colonic lesions in these patients. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter study enrolled 622 patients aged 30-50 yr (F 232/M 390) consecutively seen in 14 open-access endoscopy departments for hematochezia, defined as bright red blood from the rectum, red blood noted either in the feces, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl. At colonoscopy, pathology was stratified as either proximal or distal to the splenic flexure. Exclusion criteria were a history of colitis, colorectal cancer, polyps, anemia, significant weight loss, severe bleeding, or strong family history of colorectal cancer. RESULTS: Malignant polyps were found in two patients (0.6%), aged 30-40 yr, one in the rectum and one in the sigmoid. A malignant polyp of the cecum was found in a 41-yr-old patient. Another, aged 47, had a malignant granular-cell tumor of the rectum. A total of 35 advanced adenomas were identified in 18 patients. In 7 patients (2.2 %) within the 30-40 yr age bracket we found 8 advanced adenomas (all in the rectum/sigmoid). The other 27 advanced adenomas were in 11 patients (3.5%) in the 41-50 yr age bracket. In this age group we observed 3 patients with 10 isolated proximal advanced adenomas. CONCLUSIONS: In patients younger than 40 yr with hematochezia, advanced neoplastic lesions are rare and usually located in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Sigmoidoscopy appears to be sufficient for evaluation in these patients.     

Short- and long-term results of colonoscopic polypectomy in children

Eighty-four colorectal polyps of up to 3.3 cm in diameter were removed with the diathermy snare during 48 colonoscopies on 42 children, aged 2 to 18 years (mean, 7.4 years). Most polyps were juvenile and the majority were located in the sigmoid colon (55%) or rectum (37%). No complications related to medication, colonoscopy, or snare polypectomy were observed. The two presenting symptoms, rectal bleeding and anemia, disappeared soon after polypectomy in all but one patient with adenomatous polyposis coli, subsequently operated upon. Follow-up examinations, including total colonoscopy, performed 4 months to 7 years (mean, 25 months) later did not reveal abnormalities in any of the 37 children whose previously removed polyps were juvenile. The authors conclude that endoscopic snare polypectomy is an effective and safe treatment for colorectal polyps in the pediatric age group.     

Review of recurrent polyps and cancer in 500 patients with initial colonoscopy for polyps

Five hundred patients with 1240 polyps removed by colonoscopy and polypectomy over a 13-year period are the subject of ongoing follow-up study. Ninety-three percent of the patients have been followed an average of 53 months with a recurrence rate of polypoid disease in 26 percent, of which approximately 7 percent demonstrated malignant changes. This compares to a rate of 7 percent metachronous cancer in patients with a malignancy demonstrated at any time in the past. The highest risk group for recurrence are patients with more than four polyps at initial colonoscopy, with a 59 percent recurrence rate. The following recommendations for follow-up are made: 1) Flexible sigmoidoscopy is adequate yearly follow-up if the original polyps are confined to the rectum and sigmoid. 2) Colonoscopy should be carried out the first year if the original polyps are beyond the rectum and sigmoid, and yearly until the colon is cleared of recurring lesions. 3) Colonoscopy is indicated in patients with cancer before surgery if possible; if not, within six months after resection. 4) Interval six-month examinations are indicated in patients with colon cancer and multiple synchronous polyps until the colon is cleared. 5) Large, sessile polyps resected piecemeal require a three-month follow-up until gone. 6) When the above conditions are met, colonoscopy at three-year intervals is adequate for long-term follow-up of neoplastic polyps to detect and prevent early malignancy.     

内镜及病理对胃肠道淀粉样变的诊断意义

目的 探讨淀粉样变的胃镜、肠镜表现特点以及粘膜活组织检查对其诊断的价值。方法 分析内镜诊断的10例淀粉样变患者资料（男5例，女5例），分别总结胃镜、肠镜表现及其活组织检查特点。结果 胃肠道淀粉样变患者的临床症状包括腹痛、便血或黑便、腹胀、慢性腹泻。5例接受胃镜检查的患者中，3例发现淀粉样变，阳性病变包括溃疡、结节、粘膜剥脱、瘢痕，还有1例患者在外观正常处取材确诊。8例接受肠镜检查的患者中，均发现淀粉样变，阳性病变包括息肉、溃疡、粘膜剥脱、结节不平及粘膜充血、水肿等。结论 胃肠道是淀粉样变的好发部位之一，内镜检查可发现病变，其粘膜活组织检查具有重要的诊断价值。     

Colonic involvement in the Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome]

We report the case of a 12-year-old boy, diagnosed of Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome, with hemangiomas and venous varicosities in the right leg, who complaint about incidental hematochezia. In the colonoscopy some violet and plain angiodysplastic lesions like in the skin, were observed in rectum and distal sigmoid colon. We think this case is interesting, because of the unusual affectation of the gut in this disease and the importance of considering the endoscopic procedures in the evaluation of these patients.     

The High Frequency of Upper Gastrointestinal Pathology in Patients with Fecal Occult Blood and Colon Polyps

Colon polyps are commonly detected in the workup of fecal occult blood (FOB). It is, however, unclear whether colon polyps can adequately explain FOB. Our aim was to determine the frequency of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) pathology in patients with and without UGI symptoms and with and without risk factors for UGI pathology (such as smoking, drinking alcohol, taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, or the presence of associated chronic diseases) who have colon polyps and FOB. Among our 67 study patients with colon polyps and FOB, 79% had associated UGI lesions. Presence or absence of UGI symptoms, risk factors associated with UGI lesions, and polyp characteristics such as size, location, number, and histology, did not appreciably affect this high frequency. Ulcers were the most common lesions in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. We conclude that patients with colon polyps found in the evaluation of FOB are likely to have concomitant UGI pathology, and UGI workup should be considered in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.     

Risk factors and screening techniques in 500 patients with benign and malignant colon polyps

The authors have reviewed 13 years of experience with 500 patients who had 1240 polypoid lesions identified at colonoscopy. An analysis of these patients' symptoms, signs, and past histories prior to initial colonoscopy were collated by computer in order to provide useful information to help in early identification of patients with polyps and to define specific risk factors in patients with polypoid cancers (71 patients with 79 cancers). This study shows that the 500 patients with colon polyps, with and without cancer, are similar in all parameters measured. Their symptoms correlated poorly with the pathology or location of the polyp. Frequently unrelated symptoms brought the patient to the attention of their private physician. A significant high-risk group of patients identified were those with prior colon polyps and cancer. A positive family history of colon cancer was not common. Barium enema, the most common examination, was performed in 90 percent of patients and was the first test to diagnose polyps in 54 percent. Flexible sigmoidoscopy, only more recently available and performed in 20 percent of the patients, established a diagnosis of polypoid disease 96 percent of the time. This study supports screening for all adults above 40 years of age with flexible sigmoidoscopy and stool occult blood. Poster presentation at the meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Washington, D.C., April 5 to 10, 1987. All work performed at Merritt, Peralta, and Providence Hospitals, Oakland, California.     

Are tiny polyps important when found on sigmoidoscopy in asymptomatic people?

To determine the occurrence of synchronous large bowel polyps located proximal to the sigmoid, in persons undergoing screening flexible sigmoidoscopy, we examined those who had diminutive polyps (less than or equal to 0.5 cm) as the only finding in the distal colon by further colonoscopy. One hundred one asymptomatic persons (mean age 61 +/- 13 years) had 143 diminutive polyps; a single polyp was found in 76%, and 64% of all polyps were located in the rectum. Thirty (21%) were hyperplastic and 86 (60%) were neoplastic, including 14 with moderate and one with severe dysplasia. The others were inflammatory (five) or unclassified (hot biopsy changes or normal mucosa, 14 polyps), and eight were lost before processing. Colonoscopy revealed that 16 (16%) of the 101 patients had 21 additional polyps proximally, mostly less than 1 cm in diameter. These included one hyperplastic and 18 neoplastic polyps, and two specimens showed hot biopsy changes. Age, histological type, number or location of the index diminutive polyps, were not associated with proximal lesions. We question whether immediate colonoscopy is justified in asymptomatic patients with only diminutive polyps at flexible sigmoidoscopy.