MR PROSET序列在腰骶神经根病变中的应用

目的观察和探讨磁共振PROSET（PRinciple of selective excitation technigue）序列对显示腰骶神经根及其病变的价值. 资料与方法采用三维快速梯度回波（3D FFE）技术作冠状面腰骶部神经根PROSET成像54例,所有图像均经3D最大信号强度投影（MIP）后处理,10例应用部分容积重建法重建图像. 结果 54例PROSET成像病例中,阳性40例,阴性14例.MR PROSET原始图像有利于神经根的显示,MIP重建图像能多方位观察神经根病变,亚容积重建法比MIP法重建的图像更清晰. 结论 PROSET序列对揭示腰骶神经根病变部位及病因具有独特优势,它可部分替代常规X线脊髓造影和CT脊髓造影,为临床诊治腰骶神经根病变提供满意的影像学依据.     

MEDIC序列在MR腰骶脊神经根成像中的临床应用

目的探讨Siemens 3T磁共振多回波数据图像重合(multiecho data image combination,MEDIC)序列在腰骶脊神经根显示的技术及病变诊断的应用价值。方法用Siemens 3TVerio磁共振成像仪,对35例腰痛患者行腰椎MRI常规序列(矢状位T1W,T2W,横轴位T2W)、冠状位MEDIC序列及MR脊髓造影MRM序列扫描,MEDIC序列及MRM序列的所有图像均用3D最大信号强度投影(MIP)后处理。由2位高级职称MRI影像诊断医师对MIP重建后图像所显示的腰骶脊神经根长度、形态及病变的影像表现,评价MEDIC序列的应用价值。结果 MEDIC序列显示腰骶脊神经根长度达节后段,MRM未显示节后段。MEDIC序列用MIP软件行神经根曲面容积重建能清晰显示神经根鞘受压移位、神经根病变及与神经根关系的全貌。结论 MEDIC序列能诊断神经根病变,且图像质量优于MRM,是常规MRI的重要补充;用MIP软件行神经根曲面容积重建图像可提供直观的解剖形态信息。     

非椎间盘性神经根压迫症的诊断及其手术治疗

报告非椎间盘性腰骶神经根压迫症52例及其手术治疗。其致压因素有椎体后缘骨赘；神经根管（包括侧隐窝）狭窄；退变增生的关节突关节和黄韧带等。手术方法的选择依局部病变和解剖特点而定，如脊椎滑脱和节段性不稳，于减压术同时应用植骨融合术。本组随访优良为45例，占86．5％。讨论了腰骶神经根压迫的病理和治疗方法的选择。     

SPACE在诊断腰骶神经根病变的临床应用

目的：探讨磁共振 SPACE 技术在显示和诊断腰骶神经根病变中的价值。方法：搜集可疑腰骶部脊神经根病变31例,正常志愿者8例,观察 SPACE 的原始图像和 MIP 重建图像对脊神经根的显示情况。进行常规扫描和 SPACE冠状面腰骶部神经根成像,所有图像均经3D 最大信号强度投影（MIP）后处理,观察脊神经根形态、走行及与病变的关系。结果：SPACE 成像可以清楚显示病变对神经根压迫和侵犯程度。观察组31例可疑患者中发现15例腰椎间盘突出,4例神经根鞘膜囊肿,3例神经根变异,3例神经根损伤,3例原发神经源性肿瘤,3例肿瘤转移累及神经根。结论：SPACE 序列对显示腰骶神经根解剖具有独特优势,能为临床诊治腰骶神经根病变提供较满意的依据。     

诊治腰椎椎间盘囊肿1例

椎间盘囊肿为椎管内硬膜外囊肿,是临床罕见的脊柱病变,很难与其他病因引起的下腰痛和神经根病相鉴别.该文报告椎间盘状囊肿1例,患者为某部士兵,于军事训练后反复出现腰痛,并有显著左下肢放射性疼痛,伴左腿后侧麻木感.腰椎MRI检查示腰5骶1椎间盘后缘囊性病变,突入椎管内并压迫邻近硬膜囊及左侧骶1神经根.择期在全麻下行腰5骶1椎...     

正常腰骶部脊神经根的解剖及MR PROSET成像表现

目的观察和探讨正常腰骶部脊神经根的解剖和磁共振PROSET序列显示腰骶部神经根的价值。方法采用PROSET技术做冠状面正常腰骶部神经根成像20例,所有原始图像均经3D最大信号强度投影(MIP)后处理。结果20例PROSET成像均清楚显示硬膜囊、硬脊膜鞘外形及脊神经根、神经节和部分节后段的走形,MIP重建图像能多方位观察神经根走形。结论PRO-SET序列对显示腰骶神经根解剖具有独特优势,结合常规磁共振图像,为临床诊治腰骶神经根病变提供满意的影像学依据。     

磁共振SPACE序列在诊断极外侧椎间盘突出中的临床应用

目的:探讨磁共振不同序列在极外侧椎间盘突出上的表现及诊断价值.方法:对经手术证实的5例极外侧椎间盘突出患者的磁共振常规扫描图像、SPACE序列图像及临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:本组5例均为男性,年龄32～53岁,平均34岁.椎间孔内侧型2例,椎间孔外侧型2例,混合型1例.极外侧椎间盘突出在平扫矢状位椎间孔层面上表现为椎间孔内和(或)外软组织肿块信号,形态多呈圆形、卵圆形或不规则形,T<,2>WI轴位呈等或混杂信号,边缘不清,T<,2>WI冠状位呈位于孔内和(或)外软组织肿块信号,硬膜囊受压,强化扫描呈中央不强化,周边环状强化信号;SPACE序列冠状位椎间孔周围出现异常低信号,呈圆形、卵圆形或不规则形并与线状马尾神经根相交;SPACE-STIR序列显示受压移位的神经根与突出的椎间盘呈"腋下网球"样征象.结论:在磁共振SPACE序列上能直观地显示神经根与椎间盘之间空间关系,具有一定的特征性,对临床的定性及定位诊断有重要参考价值.     

3D SPACE STIR结合DTI显示腰骶神经根病变的研究

目的探讨结合DTI的短回波反转恢复各向同性变换角度RF激发3DT2TSE序列(SPACE:Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrasts using different flip angle evolutions)在腰骶丛病变成像中的应用价值。方法10例健康志愿者和32例腰骶丛神经病变患者行常规扫描序列、3DSPACE STIR序列和DTI序列扫描。结果 10名健康自愿者,L1~S1腰骶神经根3DSPCACE STIR序列均得到清晰显示。32例腰骶丛神经病变中,神经根受推压移位27例,受侵犯5例。椎间盘突出所致神经根受损的FA值降低(P0.05),而ADC值升高(P0.05)。结论 3DSPACE STIR序列具有较好的组织对比,图像可被作为测量DTI数据的FA值及ADC值的高分辨率蒙片,两者结合可以很好评估腰骶神经丛的神经压迫位置和神经受侵犯的范围和程度。     

3.0T MRI IDEAL序列对腰骶神经成像的可行性研究

目的初步探讨3.0T MRI IDEAL序列显示正常人腰骶神经结构形态及神经根受压后形态结构变化的可行性,评估其同时显示腰骶神经根细微结构及全程形态特点的价值。资料与方法 25例健康志愿者和15例腰腿痛患者行IDEAL序列腰骶神经冠状位成像及后处理重建,观察图像中L1~S1各水平腰骶神经显示情况,包括腰骶神经走形、节前神经长度、神经根鞘长度及神经节大小。结果 1 L1~S1各水平节前神经、脊神经节以及L3~S1各水平节后神经显示率达100%,并且形态结构清晰;L1及L2水平节后神经形态结构能够清晰显示达Ⅰ级的显示率分别为12%和42%,达Ⅱ级显示欠清晰者分别为16%和32%,达Ⅲ级结构辨认不清者分别为72%和26%。各水平节前神经、神经节长径、神经节橫径及神经根鞘长度从L1~S1逐渐增大(P<0.05、P<0.001)。正常腰骶神经根走形于腰神经通道内,表现为边缘光滑,高信号脑脊液衬托下的条形等信号。结论 IDEAL序列腰骶神经成像可以清晰直观地显示正常腰骶神经根的形态走形和细微结构特点,以及腰骶神经根受压后的变化,能够为临床准确评估腰腿痛患者神经根受压的变化与手术治疗提供参考标准和影像资料。     

MR选择性激励技术(PROSET)在诊断脊神经根病变中的应用

目的：探讨选择性激励技术（PROSET）在诊断腰骶部脊神经根病变中的临床应用价值。方法：将正常志愿者15例作为对照组,脊神经根病变47例作为观察组,进行常规扫描和PROSET冠状面腰骶部神经根成像,所有图像均经3D最大信号强度投影（MIP）后处理,观察脊神经根形态、走行及与病变的关系。结果：对照组PROSET成像均能清楚显示硬膜囊、硬脊膜鞘外形及脊神经根、神经节和部分节后段的走行,MIP重建图像能多方位观察神经根走行。观察组PROSET成像可以清楚显示病变对神经根压迫和侵犯程度。结论：PROSET序列对显示腰骶神经根解剖具有独特优势,结合常规磁共振图像,为临床诊治腰骶神经根病变提供较好的依据。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.