益生菌在肠易激综合征治疗中的作用

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是一组以排便后可缓解或减轻的腹痛或腹部不适为主要症状的功能性肠道疾病.近年来,益生菌用于IBS治疗的疗效引起了人们的兴趣和重视.益生菌是指摄人一定数量,能以活菌状态到达宿主胃肠道,以治疗和预防疾病的微生物.人体内的益生菌包括乳酸杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属等.     

益生菌与炎症性肠病

炎症性肠病(IBD)包括克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC),为一种机制尚不明确、临床处理难度较大的消化科疾病.在对IBD的研究过程中,人们越来越注意到肠道菌群在IBD中的重要作用,大量证据表明益生菌对IBD的治疗有所裨益,益生菌制剂也日益成为IBD药物治疗的重要组成部分.此文综述了近年来益生菌治疗IBD的成果,并探讨了益生菌治疗IBD的相关机制.     

益生菌与炎症性肠病

炎症性肠病（IBD）包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC），为一种机制尚不明确、临床处理难度较大的消化科疾病。在对IBD的研究过程中，人们越来越注意到肠道菌群在IBD中的重要作用，大量证据表明益生菌对IBD的治疗有所裨益，益生菌制剂也日益成为IBD药物治疗的重要组成部分。此文综述了近年来益生菌治疗IBD的成果，并探讨了益生菌治疗IBD的相关机制。     

炎症性肠病的脑肠互动及针灸干预

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一组病因尚不十分清楚的慢性、复发性肠道炎症性疾病.近年来脑肠互动在IBD发病中的作用越来越受到重视.大量研究表明,IBD患者中枢神经系统、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)、下丘脑-自主神经系统轴(HANS轴)与肠道应答功能均存在不同程度的失调,并且与疾病活动度密切相关.业已证实,针灸是治疗IBD的有效手段,通过对脑肠互动功能的整体调节可能是针灸治疗IBD的关键效应机制.因此,本文旨在阐释IBD脑肠互动机制以及中医理论对脑肠互动的认识,并在此基础上对针灸的干预机制作初步探讨.     

炎症性肠病患者肠黏膜组织细胞凋亡

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是发生在胃肠道慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,其病因及发病机制尚未十分明确,可能与环境因素、遗传因素和免疫因素等有关.研究表明细胞凋亡在IBD的发病中起着重要的作用,表现为炎症肠黏膜组织内存在细胞凋亡紊乱,肠上皮细胞凋亡过度、黏膜固有层组织内淋巴细胞凋亡抵抗,以及PMN凋亡迟滞.这是造成IBD肠道炎症发生和持续的重要原因.研究发现发生细胞凋亡的主要机制在于激活了Fas/FasL信号传导途径、Bcl-2和Bax调节途径而实施的.研究细胞凋亡机制对揭示IBD的发病机制.靶向性阻断细胞凋亡通路治疗IBD发生有重要意义.     

肠黏膜屏障与炎症性肠病

炎症性肠病（Innammatory bowel disease，IBD）是一组病因不明的慢性肠道炎症性疾病，主要包含两个独立的疾病，溃疡性结肠炎（Ulcerative colitis，UC）和克罗恩病（Crohn’s disease，CD）。近年研究发现，肠黏膜屏障功能异常在IBD发病机制中发挥重要作用。更好地了解正常及疾病状态下肠黏膜屏障的结构和功能可以为IBD的治疗提供新的思路。     

炎症性肠病与肠道细菌研究进展

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn's disease,CD).其发病机制至今仍不清楚,可能的病因包括由基因决定的宿主易感性、黏膜免疫和肠道微生态环境三者的相互作用.近年来随着微生态学的发展,肠道菌群与IBD发病的关系日益受到关注.关于肠道病原微生物在IBD发病机制及其引起的一系列免疫学、微生态学、病理生理等方面的变化出现了研究和报道,同时微生态制剂在肠道免疫调节、控制炎症反应等方面的优点已有许多动物实验及临床应用证明,其中微生态制剂之一益生菌在IBD应用较普遍,本文就IBD与肠道菌群研究进展及益生菌制剂治疗IBD作一综述.     

炎症性肠病缓解期重叠肠易激综合征样症状的研究进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一组病因未明的肠道慢性非特异性炎症性疾病。疾病缓解期会出现肠易激综合征（IBS）样症状,对患者生命质量和疾病预后带来负面影响。本文就国内外对IBD缓解期重叠IBS样症状的流行病学、病理机制和诊治进展作一综述,以期为医疗专业人员对IBD缓解期诊治和慢病管理提供参考。     

炎症性肠病肠外表现的临床特点及治疗进展

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种慢性、复发性、免疫性胃肠道炎症.IBD主要包括:克罗恩病(Crohn's disease,CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC).IBD可出现多种肠外表现,涉及消化系统、泌尿生殖系统、肌肉骨骼、肺、心脏、眼部、皮...     

肠易激综合征与缓解期炎症性肠病:相似与鉴别

肠易激综合症(IBS)是以腹痛、排便习惯和性状改变等为特征的肠道功能性疾病,而炎症性肠病(IBD)是慢性非特异性肠道器质性疾病.IBS患者与缓解期IBD患者通常都以腹痛、腹泻为主要临床表现,两者之间的鉴别存在难度.因此,及时予以准确鉴别是避免IBS过度治疗或IBD诊断延迟的关键.本文重点分析IBS和IBD在临床症状和发...     

Probiotics and irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is common gastrointestinal problems.It is characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort,and is associated with changes in stool frequency and/or consistency.The etiopathogenesis of IBS may be multifactorial,as is the pathophysiology,which is attributed to alterations in gastrointestinal motility,visceral hypersensitivity,intestinal microbiota,gut epithelium and immune function,dysfunction of the brain-gut axis or certain psychosocial factors.Current therapeutic strategies are often unsatisfactory.There is now increasing evidence linking alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota and IBS.Probiotics are living organisms which,when ingested in certain numbers,exert health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition.Probiotics have numerous positive effects in the gastrointestinal tract.Recently,many studies have suggested that probiotics are effective in the treatment of IBS.The mechanisms of probiotics in IBS are very complex.The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence and mechanisms for the use of probiotics in the treatment of IBS.     

肠易激综合征药物治疗的循证医学评价

肠易激综合征是肠道动力和感觉异常的功能性肠病,人群患病率较高,但发病机制仍然不明,目前认为与胃肠动力异常、内脏感觉过敏、脑一肠轴改变、精神心理异常等多种因素有关。治疗IBS的药物种类较多,但主要是缓解症状,改善患者生活质量。目前评价治疗肠易激综合征药物疗效的临床试验越来越多,本文从循证医学的角度总结了近期有关6种主要药物（包括解痉剂、导泻药、止泻剂、肠道动力感觉调节剂、微生态制剂和抗抑郁药）的临床试验和综述,评价其疗效和安全性。     

Probiotics in infective diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel diseases

Bacteria are present throughout the gastrointestinal tract, but their pattern and concentration vary greatly. Probiotics are living organisms that supply beneficial health effects to the host. So far the beneficial effects of probiotics have been shown, almost exclusively, under poorly defined experimental conditions. There are little convincing data from well-designed, double-blind controlled trials supporting health-promoting effects. The use of probiotics to treat gastrointestinal infections has produced contrasting results. Apart from information on rotavirus infection in children, there is no convincing evidence from controlled studies on the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention or treatment of infective diarrhoea. However, experimental and clinical studies suggest that there are potential therapeutic roles for probiotics in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. This review focuses on the available data concerning the mechanisms of action of probiotics, and on the results from clinical studies using probiotics to treat infective diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel disease.     

Probiotics,irritable bowel syndrome,and inflammatory bowel disease

Opinion statement Probiotics are live, microbial food supplements that benefit the host animal by improving intestinal microbial balance. Their major role in preventing and treating gastrointestinal disease appears to be from their effect on the immune process, protection against abnormal invasive bacteria, and in the production of short-chain fatty acids from starch and non-starch polysaccharides. Probiotic microorganisms are administered in food supplements and yogurts. They are also now sold in the form of capsules and powders. There is great variation in the microorganisms in the various supplements. It is important to understand that all probiotic products are different. Some contain a single organism and others contain multiple organisms. Therapeutic results have been achieved with various probiotics in different diseases. In the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), success has been reported with Escherichia coli Nissle strain in ulcerative colitis, and with a multiple organism product, VSL#3 (VSL Pharmaceuticals, Fort Lauderdale, FL), in Crohn’s disease and pouchitis. Initial reports in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have resulted in encouraging results with the use of E. coli Nissle strain, and recently with multiple organism probiotic supplements. However, caution must still apply to the use of probiotics in IBD and IBS because the reports and the number of patients treated are limited.     

The role of probiotics in management of irritable bowel syndrome

Inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) affects a significant proportion of the North American population; however, the etiology and pathophysiology of this disease remain poorly understood, and treatment is focused on symptom management. Over the years, research has revealed that the bacterial flora in the human gut interact with the bowel in a complex and dynamic relationship and may be responsible for the induction and progression of some of the pathophysiologic aspects of IBS. Probiotics are nonpathogenic bacteria that benefit the host, and the roles they can play in the bacterio-gut relationship provide hope of a safe treatment that would allow for modulation of IBS disease states. Probiotic treatment for IBS has undergone significant exploration, yet the exact therapeutic effects and doses of these beneficial bacteria remain unclear due to the conflicting nature of available evidence. This review discusses the evidence from randomized controlled trials on probiotic treatment of IBS and presents the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of probiotics as they apply to IBS and provides a plausible explanation for the variability in evidence documented by the various trials under review.     

Meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a chronic condition affecting 3%-25% of the general population. As no curative treatment is available, therapy is aimed at reducing symptoms, often with little success. Because alteration of the normal intestinal microflora has been observed in IBS, probiotics （beneficial microbes taken to improve health） may be useful in reducing symptoms. This paper systematically reviews randomized, controlled, blinded bials of probiotics for the treatment of IBS and synthesizes data on efficacy across trials of adequate quality. Pubr4ed, Medline, Google Scholar, NIH registry of clinical trials, metaRegister, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1982-2007. We also conducted secondary searches of reference lists, reviews, commentaries, relevant articles on associated diseases, books and meeting abstracts. Twenty trials with 23 probiotic treatment arms and a total of 1404 subjects met inclusion criteria. Probiotic use was associated with improvement in global IBS symptoms compared to placebo [pooled relative risk （RRpooled） 0.77, 95% confidence interval （95% CI） 0.62-0.94]. Probiotics were also associated with less abdominal pain compared to placebo [RRpooled = 0.78 （0.69-0.88）]. Too few studies reported data on other IBS symptoms or on specific probiotic strains to allow estimation of a pooled RR. While our analyses suggest that probiotic use may be associated with improvement in IBS symptoms compared to placebo, these results should be interpreted with caution, given the methodological limitations of contributing studies. Probiotics warrant further study as a potential therapy for IBS.     

Rationale for probiotic treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel disease

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are recurrent and aggressive inflammatory disorders that are most likely the result of an overly aggressive immune response to ubiquitous intestinal antigens in a genetically susceptible host. Despite decades of intense research, our knowledge of factors causing IBD remains incomplete and, therefore, conventional therapy to induce and maintain remission works in a symptomatic fashion, merely suppressing the immune response. Probiotic bacteria have long been known to confer health benefits, especially with regard to intestinal disorders. Although there is mounting evidence from in vitro and animal experiments supporting the use of probiotics in IBD, clinical trials have not provided definite evidence for the therapeutic effect of probiotic therapy in IBD to date. This is with the notable exception of pouchitis and the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis, whereas Crohn’s disease and active ulcerative colitis do not seem amenable to probiotic intervention. The next 5 years will see more trials targeting specific clinical settings using tailor-made probiotic combinations, taking into account our increasing knowledge of individual probiotic properties and the diversity of these microorganisms.     

鼠李糖乳杆菌治疗肠易激综合征机制新进展

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是临床上常见的功能性胃肠病,其会影响患者的生活质量.因此探寻IBS的有效治疗方法具有重要意义.益生菌可改善IBS患者的症状并提高其生活质量,其中备受关注的是鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG,LGG).LGG是目前被...     

Irritable bowel syndrome in children: Pathogenesis,diagnosis and evidence-based treatment

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the commonest cause of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children in both more developed and developing parts of the world. It is defined by the Rome III criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders. It is characterized by abdominal pain that is improved by defecation and whose onset is associated with a change in stool form and or frequency and is not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. It is estimated that 10%-15% of older children and adolescents suffer from IBS. IBS can be considered to be a brain-gut disorder possibly due to complex interaction between environmental and hereditary factors. The diagnosis of IBS is made based on the Rome III criteria together with ruling out organic causes of RAP in children such as inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. Once the diagnosis of IBS is made, it is important to explain to the parents (and children) that there is no serious underlying disease. This reassurance may be effective treatment in a large number of cases. Lifestyle modifications, stress management, dietary interventions and probiotics may be beneficial in some cases. Although there is limited evidence for efficacy of pharmacological therapies such as antispasmodics and antidiarrheals; these have a role in severe cases. Biopsychosocial therapies have shown encouraging results in initial trials but are beset by limited availability. Further research is necessary to understand the pathophysiology and provide specific focused therapies.     

Probiotics for irritable bowel syndrome: a light in the darkness?

Probiotics have been used with apparent success for several gut disorders, so it is not surprising they have been tried in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the pathogenesis of this disease is unknown, and opinions about how probiotics might work are speculative. Nevertheless, two small trials suggest they might benefit patients with IBS, particularly those suffering from pain and bloating. This possibility deserves further study. It is important though, that future trials employ criteria-identified subjects, be sufficiently powered and strictly double blind, and select a suitable outcome measure. Until state-of-the-art trials of probiotics are available, their use should remain in the experimental arena.