南丁格尔一生对护理美学的影响

“近代护理学之母”佛罗伦萨·南丁格尔开创了护理学科和护理职业,为护理学打下了坚实的基础,也留给护理人员取之不尽,用之不竭的精神财富。今天,站在现代护理学的高度,从护理美学视角,解读她的一生,不难发现南丁格尔对护理美学的影响是极其深远的。1护理学科的科学美1.1护理职     

从南丁格尔生平业绩解读她的社会美及其影响

南丁格尔不但开创了近代护理学先河,还为护理人员赢得了“白衣天使”的美称。护理学史上“南丁格尔时代”[1,2]距离1975年德国美学家鲍姆嘉通出版《美学》并使美学成为一门独立的学科不过百年,但从审美视角纵观南丁格尔的生平业绩,她留给我们的不只是近代护理学知识,也有丰富的美学内涵。近代护理学一开始就把美学内容自然地融入其中。解读南丁格尔的社会美对丰富护理美学知识,做好现代整体护理工作,有其重要的现实意义。社会美是指人类社会创造的事物的美,人类精神行为的美,与自然美一起同属于现实美(生活美)。它包括人的内心世界美和外在…     

南丁格尔精神的科学内涵及其传承与弘扬

结合史料深入分析南丁格尔精神的精神之源,论述南丁格尔精神的科学内涵,认为南丁格尔精神是科学与人文、奉献与创新、理论与实际、改革与初心的统一,提出在当代应正确传承和弘扬南丁格尔精神,不断提升护理学科的高度和精度、拓展护理学科的广度和深度,知行合一,坚守护理本心,促进护理学科健康科学发展。     

我国南丁格尔奖获得者论文合作的社会网络分析

[目的]在前期对南丁格尔奖获得者论文合作作者关系研究的基础上,拟用社会网络分析方法对其论文进行社会网络分析,以期为我国护理学发展提供更多的参考依据。[方法]以68名南丁格尔奖获得者的姓名、工作单位为检索条件,在知网和万方数据库进行3次检索,运用社会网络分析方法对我国南丁格尔奖获得者论文合作的整体网络、网络密度及中心性进行分析。[结果]我国南丁格尔奖获得者的论文合作以机构内小团体合作为主;整体网络和各小团体网络密度均较低;南丁格尔奖获得者未处于论文合作网络核心地位。[结论]提示应注意南丁格尔奖评选标准的时代局限性,注重学术创新在护理学科带头人内在素质上的体现。     

临床护理科研现状及研究进展

<正>护理科研是用科学的方法反复地探索、回答和解决护理领域的问题,直接或间接地指导护理实践的过程,是推动护理学科发展,促进护理理论、知识、技能更新的有效措施。南丁格尔是护理研究的鼻祖,她的研究基于各种护理实践及其对病人预后所起的作用。护理研究是护理学发展的基础,是推动护理学     

南丁格尔在克里米亚战争中

佛罗伦斯·南丁格尔(Florence Nightingale)生于1820年意大利的佛罗伦斯。她出身显赫,是现代护理学的奠基人[1]、现代护理学校的创办人、护理学教育家和慈善家。她的父亲威廉·南丁格尔毕业于剑桥大学,聪明而有才智。南丁格尔的希腊文、拉丁文、德语、意大利语、历史和哲学都是     

整体护理的发展史

1 整体护理的历史发展 1.1 国外整体护理发展慨况在现代护理学形成之初,护理学奠基人南丁格尔就十分重视对病人的整体护理,她认为护士不仅应重视病人的疾病护理,而且应注意病人的饮食、阳光、病房空气、环境对恢复病人健康的影响.     

男护生的择业现状及导向

<正>自南丁格尔开创现代护理专业以来,以女性为主角的护理学得到了迅速而科学的发展,形成了独特的研究和活动领域,具备了相应的护理理论体系。随着医学及其他学科的发展、社会的进步、护理技术的不断发展,人们对护理专业的观念也在更新。护理不再被看作是女性的专属领域,随着社会发展和护理学专业发展的需要,男护士开始逐渐走上了护理岗位。     

总后卫生部组织召开纪念国际护士节暨“弘扬南丁格尔精神、深化优质护理服务”座谈会

<正>5月11日下午,总后卫生部组织召开纪念国际护士节暨"弘扬南丁格尔精神、深化优质护理服务"座谈会,缅怀护理学创始人南丁格尔,弘扬"人道、博爱、奉献"精神,强化姓军为战宗旨意识,深入推进优质护理服务,不断提升军队护理服务保障能力和水平。会上,驻京部队医院四名护理人员代表分别发言,详细介绍了在执行援非抗埃任务中,忠诚使命、不怕牺牲的感人事迹;深入交流了在推进优质护理服务中,勇于开拓、不断创新的宝贵经验;充分展示了在弘扬传承南丁格尔精神实践中,立足岗位、建功立业的执着追求。会议要求,各级要以"5.12"国际护     

近年来护理工作的动态和进展

随着基础医学和临床医学的进展,护理学方面亦有了新的概念。目前国内外对护理模式的转变以及护理学研究方面有了新的进展。本文结合文献的复习对近年来护理工作的某些动态和进展加以概述。一、新护理观念的产生是医学模式演化的重要成果之一自从南丁格尔于1860年在圣·托马斯医院内创办了第一所“南丁格尔训练学校”,护理便成了一种职业。在前人不断的努力下,护理的内容也在不断的充实,然而在观念上并没有实质性的突破。传统的观念认为护理工作     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.