多西紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效

目的评价多西紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及不良反应,探讨影响化疗后生存的临床因素。方法病理学确诊的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者41例,给予多西紫杉醇75mg/m2静脉滴注,第1天,顺铂75mg/m2静脉滴注,第2~4天,21天为一个周期,完成两个周期以上化疗的患者评价疗效及不良反应。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析生存情况,Log-rank法进行单因素检验,Cox回归进行多因素分析。结果总有效率为29.3%,中位生存期10.3月。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐及脱发,大多数患者耐受性良好。单因素检验及Cox回归分析均显示：对于体能状态评分较好的患者（PS≤2分）,影响生存期的主要因素有TNM分期、体重减轻及化疗疗效（P<0.05）,而与患者的性别、年龄、病理类型关系不大（P>0.05）。结论多西紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效好,不良反应小,耐受性较好,值得临床进一步研究应用,而化疗的疗效,肿瘤的TNM分期及体重减轻均对患者的预后有着重要的影响。     

乳腺癌耐药蛋白表达与晚期非小细胞肺癌铂类为主的化疗疗效及预后的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌耐药蛋白（BCRP）表达与晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）以铂类为主的化疗疗效及预后的关系。方法回顾性分析本院初治的B或期NSCLC患者86例,应用免疫组化方法检测每位患者肿瘤标本中的BCRP表达水平,应用SPSS 16.0进行统计分析,探讨BCRP表达水平与化疗疗效、无进展生存期（PFS）以及总生存期（OS）的关系。结果BCRP表达阴性患者的化疗有效率为44.0%,而表达阳性的患者为19.4%,两者之间差异有统计学意义（P=0.017）。BCRP表达阴性患者的PFS及OS较表达阳性的患者长,并且差异有统计学意义（P值分别为0.000和0.000）。多因素分析表明BCRP是独立影响PFS及OS的指标。结论BCRP表达水平与晚期NSCLC以铂类为主的化疗疗效及预后密切相关,对于进一步研究晚期NSCLC耐药机制,制定个体化治疗方案,延长患者生存期具有重要意义。     

抗PD-1抗体联合治疗晚期肝细胞癌的真实世界研究

目的探讨真实世界中以抗PD-1抗体为基础的疗法在晚期肝细胞癌治疗中的疗效、不良反应及可能影响疗效的因素。方法收集55例接受以PD-1抗体为基础治疗的晚期肝细胞癌患者,回顾性分析其临床特点、疗效及不良反应,并进行随访。结果客观有效率为21.8%,疾病控制率为76.4%。治疗过程中不良反应整体发生率为81.8%,其中3~4级不良反应发生率为14.5%,免疫相关不良反应发生率为58.2%,其中3~4级免疫相关不良反应发生率为3.6%,无治疗相关死亡。55例患者中位无进展生存期为5.0月(95%CI:3.9~6.1),中位生存期11.4月(95%CI:6.5~16.3)。应用抗PD-1抗体前患者肝功能Child-Pugh评分和体能状态ECOG评分是影响治疗有效率和生存时间的主要因素;多因素分析也表明治疗前患者的体能状态ECOG评分和肝功能Child-Pugh评分是影响患者生存的独立预后因素(P<0.001,P=0.034)。结论真实世界中以PD-1抗体为基础的治疗在晚期肝细胞肝癌患者中是安全有效的,其中治疗前患者的体能状态ECOG评分和肝功能Child-Pugh评分是影响患者生存期的独立预后因素。     

索拉非尼治疗晚期原发性肝癌的疗效和影响因素分析

目的 评价索拉非尼治疗晚期原发性肝癌的疗效和不良反应,分析影响疗效的因素。方法 回顾性收集2008年1月至2013年9月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院应用索拉非尼治疗的晚期原发性肝癌患者完整的临床资料。计算缓解率和疾病控制率（DCR）并进行Logistic回归分析影响因素,运用Kaplan-Meier法估计总生存期和无疾病进展生存期,并采用Cox风险比例模型分析其影响因素。结果 共收集78 例患者资料,中位随访时间为192 d（95％CI：173~218）。无一例患者获得完全缓解（CR）或部分缓解（PR）,稳定（ＳＤ）48例（61.5%）,进展（ＰＤ）30例（38.5%）。中位生存期（mOS）和中位无疾病进展生存期（mPFS）分别为196 d（95%CI：173~218）和96 d（95%CI：93~98）。不良反应大多数为1~2级,手足皮肤反应是影响索拉非尼治疗的最主要因素。年龄、血清乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性（乙肝病毒感染）是ＤＣＲ的独立影响因素。肝功能（Child-Pugh）分级、既往化疗是影响无疾病进展生存期及总生存期的独立预后因素,美国东部肿瘤协作组活动状态评分（ECOG　PS）是另一个影响总生存期的独立预后因素。结论 索拉非尼治疗晚期原发性肝癌有较好的疾病控制率,安全性较好。ECOG　PS评分、Child-Pugh 分级、既往化疗是影响患者生存的主要因素。     

78例脑膜转移癌患者的预后因素分析

目的：探讨影响脑膜转移癌（LM）患者生存的预后因素。方法：收集78例 LM患者的临床资料及随访资料,分析治疗及随访的数据,并分析影响总生存期的因素。应用 Cox 风险模型检验性别、年龄、KPS 评分、确诊时间、脑转移、其他器官转移、近期疗效、系统治疗、鞘内化疗、全脑化疗和脑脊液（CSF）细胞检测结果与患者总生存期的关系。结果：本组患者中位生存时间为62天;单因素分析显示：年龄、确诊时间、KPS 评分、全身系统治疗、近期疗效、脑脊液中癌细胞变化与患者总生存期相关。多因素分析结果显示：年龄、KPS 评分、近期疗效是影响患者生存的独立预后因素。结论：年龄、KPS 评分、近期疗效是影响患者生存的独立预后因素。     

胰腺癌治疗方式评价及预后分析

背景与目的:胰腺癌缺乏有效治疗手段,预后较差,预后因素不明确.本研究分析胰腺癌患者的临床特征、治疗方式与生存期关系,探讨胰腺癌的预后因素及最佳治疗方式.方法:收集病理诊断明确的胰腺癌患者临床特征、治疗方式,电话随访生存期,评价其对预后价值.结果:302例胰腺癌患者中位生存期为6.1个月,1、2和3年生存率分别为30.1%、10.6%和2.6%.Cox单因素分析显示肿瘤部位、分期、治疗方式影响胰腺癌生存期(P≤0.01),未治疗或仅行支持治疗患者中位生存期为1.3个月,手术、化疗、胆汁引流、经动脉介入化疗及多种方法综合治疗后患者中位生存期分别为11.0、7.3、3.5、9.0和11.0个月,死亡风险显著降低(P<0.05);Cox多因素分析显示肿瘤分期、治疗方式是胰腺癌预后因素(P<0.01).结论:肿瘤分期、治疗是胰腺癌独立预后因素.肿瘤部位位于胰头颈部、分期早,手术、经动脉介入化疗、化疗、胆汁引流及多种方法综合治疗患者生存期显著延长.     

雷替曲塞单药二线治疗老年晚期结直肠癌的疗效分析

目的 观察单药雷替曲塞在老年晚期结直肠癌二线治疗中的疗效、安全性和影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月在我院确诊并使用单药雷替曲塞二线化疗的老年晚期结直肠癌患者的资料.结果 符合入组条件患者27例,有效率为3.7％(1/27),疾病控制率为48.1％(13/27),中位无进展生存期为3.8个月,中位总生存期为10.0个月,毒副反应以Ⅰ～Ⅱ级为主,主要为粒细胞减少、贫血、转氨酶异常、疲乏及恶心呕吐.多因素分析显示PS评分状态及有无肝转移是影响患者预后的独立因素.结论 雷替曲塞单药二线治疗老年晚期结直肠癌安全有效,值得临床推广应用.     

晚期三阴性乳腺癌患者的预后分析

目的探究晚期三阴性乳腺癌患者的预后状况。方法回顾56例晚期三阴性乳腺癌患者的临床资料,分析影响预后的因素。结果随访至2013年7月,生存率为50.00%,中位总生存期为27.35个月。经单因素筛选及多因素回归分析后,化疗效果、复发年龄及一线化疗等是影响晚期TNBC患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论晚期三阴性乳腺癌患者的预后状况较差,与疗效、复发年龄及化疗等因素密切相关,适当的化疗有利于患者预后的改善。     

影响晚期大肠癌预后的多因素分析

背景与目的：晚期大肠癌的预后因素分析有利于其个体化的综合治疗,而国内外相关文献报道不多.本研究探讨晚期大肠癌临床病理特征及不同治疗方法对其生存的影响.方法：对北京协和医院近5年化疗的143例晚期大肠癌患者采用单因素和多因素回归分析方法分析其预后影响因素.结果：143例晚期大肠癌患者中位生存期20.0个月.单因素分析表明,确诊晚期时转移器官数目、腹膜转移、癌胚抗原（CEA）≥50 ng/ml、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）升高、肠道外转移灶综合治疗、转移灶曾行根治性切除术为预后影响因素（P＜0.05）,新药联合分子靶向治疗、两种新药序贯化疗、单种新药化疗、不规范应用新药化疗及氟尿嘧啶类化疗组的中位生存期分别为26.0、24.0、21.0、9.0、14.0个月,前3组分别与后2组间生存期差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）.回归分析显示转移器官数目、ALP升高、全身治疗方案、肠道外转移灶综合治疗、转移灶根治性切除术是影响晚期大肠癌患者生存的独立因素.结论：确诊晚期时单器官转移、ALP正常、肠道外转移灶综合治疗、转移灶的根治性切除、新一代化疗药物的规范应用及联合分子靶向治疗是提示晚期大肠癌患者预后好的独立因素.     

晚期胃癌患者XELOX方案化疗后维持治疗的疗效及预后生存分析

目的 探讨晚期胃癌患者奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨(XELOX)方案化疗后维持治疗的疗效及预后生存因素.方法 回顾性分析118例晚期胃癌患者的临床资料,所有患者均采取XELOX方案化疗,并进行维持治疗.分析其短期疗效及不良反应发生情况,并采用Cox回归模型探讨影响患者预后的危险因素.结果 治疗后,临床总有效率为22.88％(27/118),疾病控制率为63.56％(75/118),共有7例(5.93％)患者发生3级不良反应,所有患者在化疗维持治疗期间均未出现4级不良反应及化疗相关性死亡.中位总生存期(OS)为12.59个月(95％CI:5.21～22.32),1年生存率为48.30％,2年生存率为26.27％.单因素分析结果显示:组织学分级、有无肝转移、有无淋巴结转移、近期疗效对晚期胃癌患者的中位OS有影响(P﹤0.05);而年龄、性别、胃癌部位、入院时ECOG评分对晚期胃癌患者的中位OS无影响(P﹥0.05).多元逐步Cox回归分析结果显示:组织学分级低、有淋巴结转移、肿瘤控制率差、有肝转移是影响晚期胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05).结论 对于晚期胃癌患者,XELOX方案化疗后的维持治疗是一种有效且不良反应程度相对较轻的治疗方案,且组织学分级低、有淋巴结转移、肿瘤控制率差、有肝转移是影响晚期胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素,临床中应当重视.     

Carboplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and a poor performance status

BACKGROUND: Poor performance status patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have frequently been excluded from clinical trials due to the perception that they would have excessive treatment-related toxicity and a limited life expectancy. METHODS: A retrospective review of two multicenter trials centered at the University of North Carolina of patients who were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC was conducted. Patients were divided into two subgroups based on Karnofsky performance status (KPS). Patients with a KPS = 70 were considered to have poor performance status, while patients with a KPS > or =80 were considered to have good performance status. RESULTS: Of the 387 patients, 19% (n = 73) had a poor performance status. The response rate (complete and partial responses) was similar between the two sub-groups (26% versus 28%); however, there was a difference in survival (p = 0.0004, log-rank test) between the groups. The median survival and 1-year survival rate for the poor performance status patients was 4.9 months and 21%, while the good performance status patients had a median survival of 8.4 months and a 1-year survival rate of 31%. The rate of National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) toxicities was similar between the two groups (p = 0.33). The percentage of patients receiving <4 cycles of therapy in the poor and good performance status was 55 and 39%, respectively (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with poor performance status treated with platinum based chemotherapy have a similar rate of toxicity compared to good performance status patients. Their overall survival was lower despite a similar response to chemotherapy.     

Pretreatment prognostic factors in patients with early-stage (I/II) non-small-cell lung cancer treated with hyperfractionated radiation therapy alone

PURPOSE: To investigate influence of various pretreatment prognostic factors in patients with early stage (I/II) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with hyperfractionated radiation therapy alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixteen patients were treated with tumor doses of 69.6 Gy, 1.2-Gy, twice-daily fractionation. There were 49 patients with Stage I and 67 patients with Stage II. Eighty patients had Karnofsky performance status (KPS) 90-100 and 95 patients had <5% weight loss. Peripheral tumors were observed in 57 patients. Squamous histology was observed in 70 patients and the majority of patients had concomitant disease (n=72). RESULTS: The median survival time for all patients was 29 months; 5-year survival was 29%. The median time to local progression and the distant metastasis were not achieved, whereas 5-year local progression-free and distant metastasis-free survivals were 50% and 72%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified KPS, weight loss, location, histology, and the reason for not undergoing surgery as prognostic factors for survival. KPS, location, and histology influenced local progression-free survival, whereas only KPS and weight loss influenced distant metastasis-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective analysis identified KPS and weight loss as the most important prognostic factors of outcome in patients with early-stage NSCLC treated with hyperfractionation radiation therapy.     

Phase III trial of cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in hormone-refractory prostatic cancer. A Hoosier Oncology Group study.

BACKGROUND. Between August 1984 and November 1989, the Hoosier Oncology Group conducted a Phase III study comparing cyclophosphamide (CTX) with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate (CAM) in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostatic cancer to determine whether the addition of doxorubicin and methotrexate to the cyclophosphamide regimen conferred any survival advantage. METHODS. One hundred three patients were registered and randomized, 99 were evaluable for response, and all were evaluable for survival results. All had histologically confirmed metastatic prostatic cancer and had not responded to hormonal therapy. Fifty-three patients received CTX alone, and 50 received CAM. Seventy-one patients (69%) had evaluable disease, and 32 (31%) had measurable disease. RESULTS. There were no complete responses and only four (13%) partial responses in the patients with measurable disease. There was no difference in overall survival time between the two treatment arms in either patients with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of 80-100 (median survival, 9.0 versus 9.5 months; P = 0.93) or in those with a KPS of 50-70 (median survival, 5.0 versus 6.0 months; P = 0.51). There was no difference in overall time to progression between the two treatment arms (median time to progression; 4.4 versus 6.2 months; P = 0.07). Toxicity was tolerable in both regimens. CONCLUSIONS. It was concluded that there was no survival advantage to CAM over CTX alone. New chemotherapeutic agents with greater activity against prostatic cancer must be identified.     

Intensified local treatment and systemic therapy significantly increase survival in patients with brain metastases from advanced breast cancer – A retrospective analysis

BACKGROUND: Brain metastases have evolved from a rare to a frequently encountered event in advanced breast cancer due to advances in palliative systemic treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All Patients treated at our centre from 1994 to 2004 with WBRT for brain metastases from breast cancer were included. We performed a multivariate analysis (Cox regression) to explore which factors are able to influence significantly cerebral time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (metastatic sites [visceral versus non-visceral], Karnofsky performance score [KPS], age, intensified local treatment [boost irradiation, neuro-surgical resection] further systemic treatment). RESULTS: Overall 174 patients, median age 51 years, range 27-76 years, were included. Median TTP was 3 months (m), range 1-33+ m. Median overall survival was 7 m, range 1-44 m. Factors significantly influencing TTP were KPS (p = 0.002), intensified local treatment (p < 0.001), and palliative systemic treatment (p = 0.001). Factors significantly influencing survival were intensified local treatment (p = 0.004), metastatic sites (p = 0.008), KPS (p = 0.006), and palliative systemic treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: As shown by the significant influence of metastatic sites, some patients die from their advanced systemic tumour situation before they would die from cerebral progression. In other individuals however, intensified local treatment and systemic treatment appear to influence cerebral time to progression and overall survival.     

大剂量甲地孕酮和已酸孕酮治疗晚期乳腺癌

作者以大剂量甲地孕酮(High dose-Megestrol acetate HD—MA)500～1000 mg/日,或已酸羟孕酮(Hydroxyprogesterone capronte HD—HPC)500mg/日治疗17例晚期乳腺癌患者。结果HD—MA组8例中4例获PR,其中2例仍在缓解中,缓解期为45～362天(平均184天)。HD—HPC组9例中5例PR,缓解期为105～519天(平均282天)。软组织和内脏病变的疗效似胜于骨转移。经先期三苯氧胺(Tamoxifen)治疗失败的14例中,7例仍可因HD—MA或HD—HPC而缓解。除1例外,PR者均属绝经期后病人。HD—MA和HD—HPC可显著改善生活质量;多数患者疼痛明显减轻或消失,食欲改善,体重增加,KPS提高25％(MA组)或41％( HPC组)。未见其他明显的毒副反应。作者认为,HD—MA和HD—HPC作为第二线内分泌治疗手段,对于晚期、复发或难治性乳腺癌是安全、有效並有其独具的优点的。     

KPS值与晚期肺癌病人中位生存期的关系(附154例临床分析)

分析154例晚期肺癌病人，发现KPS值在10分及10以下、20分、30分、40分、50分、60分及以上者的中位生存期分别为0．36月、1．5月、2．8月、5．4月、10．6月和22．3月，经综合治疗后的有效率（CR＋PR）分别为0、4．2／、22．2％、30％、50％、53．8％。分析结果表明，KPS值每提高10分，中位生存期呈成倍增长．P＜0.01，差异非常显著。KPS值越高，经治疗后的有效率越高，P＜0．05，差异显著。     

三维适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌预后因素分析

目的评估三维适形放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效、毒性及预后因素。方法采用三维适形放射治疗经组织学证实的局部晚期(ⅢA或ⅢB期)非小细胞肺癌患者113例,分析患者的1、2、3年生存率和中位生存期及预后因素。结果全组1、2、3年生存率分别为60.7%、31.6%和22.4%。中位生存期为17个月,其中单独放疗组16个月,序贯放化疗组18个月,同步放化疗组16个月。单因素分析显示,治疗前胸背痛、卡氏评分、血红蛋白、白蛋白水平、大体肿瘤体积(GTV)及近期疗效是影响预后的因素(P值分别为0.033、0.000、0.042、0.028、0.024和0.021);多因素分析显示,疗前卡氏评分是肺癌预后的独立因素。结论三维适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌显示了较好的疗效,放疗前卡氏评分是影响局部晚期非小细胞肺癌预后的主要因素。     

细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞治疗晚期肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨细胞因子诱导杀伤（cytokine induced killer,CIK）细胞在晚期肺癌中的治疗价值。方法:收集遵义医学院附属医院腹部肿瘤科2011年1 月至2013年12月经病理诊断的晚期肺癌患者90例,分为观察组41例和对照组49例,观察组进行最佳支持治疗的同时给予CIK 治疗;对照组仅给予最佳支持治疗,并在入组前1 个月内未行放化疗。对两组患者进行生存随访,比较两组生存质量（KPS 评分）和生存期,并观察不良反应。结果:观察组治疗后KPS 评分较对照组提高,差异具有统计学意义（P =0.034）;观察组的中位生存期为8 个月,高于对照组的7 个月,中位生存期差为1 个月（P = 0.044）;主要不良反应为发热（51.22%）、关节酸痛（36.58%）和失眠（29.27%）。结论:CIK 细胞治疗晚期肺癌患者可提高生存质量和延长生存期,不良反应可耐受。      

Ixabepilone plus capecitabine in metastatic breast cancer patients with reduced performance status previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes: a pooled analysis by performance status of efficacy and safety data from 2 phase III studies

Patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes often have decreased performance status secondary to extensive tumor involvement. Here, we report the pooled analysis of efficacy and safety data from two similarly designed phase III studies to provide a more precise estimate of benefit of ixabepilone plus capecitabine in MBC patients with Karnofsky’s performance status (KPS) 70–80. Across the studies, anthracycline/taxane-pretreated MBC patients were randomized to receive ixabepilone plus capecitabine or capecitabine alone. Individual patient data for KPS 70–80 subset (n = 606) or KPS 90–100 subset (n = 1349) from the two studies were pooled by treatment. Analysis included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. In patients with reduced performance status (KPS 70–80), ixabepilone plus capecitabine was associated with improvements in OS (median: 12.3 vs. 9.5 months; HR, 0.75; P = 0.0015), PFS (median: 4.6 vs. 3.1 months; HR, 0.76; P = 0.0021) and ORR (35 vs. 19%) over capecitabine alone. Corresponding results in patients with high performance status (KPS 90–100) were median OS of 16.7 versus 16.2 months (HR, 0.98; P = 0.8111), median PFS of 6.0 versus 4.4 months (HR, 0.58; P = 0.0009), and ORR of 45 versus 28%. The safety profile of combination therapy was similar between the subgroups. Ixabepilone plus capecitabine appeared to show superior efficacy compared to capecitabine alone in MBC patients previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes, regardless of performance status, with a possible OS benefit favoring KPS 70–80 patients (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00080301 and NCT00082433).     

生化调节MFP方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的：探讨生化调节MFP方案（MTX、5－Fu、DDP）治疗晚期胃癌的疗效与副作用。方法：1998年6月－2000年6月应用MFP方案治疗晚期胃癌42例。结果：全组总有效率（CR＋PR）47．6％，对初次化疗患者有效率66．7％，对以往接受过化疗者有效率37．04％，对以往接受过5－Fu治疗者有效率36．8％。统计学分析显示，MFP方案对初次化疗者的有效率显著高于以往接受过化疗者。无明显毒副作用。结论：对晚期胃癌具有良好的治疗效果，值得临床推广应用。