预防与保健

洗必泰麝香草酚涂膜预防窝沟龋临床研究,我军现役人员牙科就诊现状问卷捷径调查和分析,成年人牙周炎流行因素的研究,含特异性抗变形链球菌IgY抗体喷雾剂对口腔菌斑中变形链球菌作用的临床研究,变形链球菌在日托儿童口腔中水平传播的初探，西藏那曲藏族学生砖茶型氟牙症调查与分析.[编者按]     

口腔门诊成人患者牙科焦虑症调查及相关因素分析

目的:研究口腔门诊成人患者牙科焦虑症的发生情况,探讨与患者焦虑可能相关的因素,为牙科焦虑症的防治提供临床依据.方法: 采用牙科畏惧量表(dental fear scale, DFS)对330 例到口腔门诊接受牙科治疗的18 岁以上患者进行牙科焦虑症的调查及相关因素分析.结果: DFS平均分值为39.21±13.97.40 岁以下、未婚女性、低经济收入、有过直接或间接的牙科经历、口腔保健意识较差的群体有较高的DFS分值(P<0.05).民族、文化程度和就诊情况与DFS分值差异无统计学意义.结论: 牙科焦虑症是一种多因素疾病,牙科焦虑症患者多见于40 岁以下未婚女性、低收入、有过直接或间接的牙科经历、口腔保健意识较差的人群.     

社区与门诊老年人牙科焦虑症及其相关因素的研究

目的:调查社区和牙科门诊老年人牙科焦虑症的发生情况及其相关的因素. 方法:使用汉化Coarh's牙科焦虑量表(Dental Anxiety Scale,DAS)评定来自社区和口腔门诊的各700名老年人的牙科焦虑症(DA)情况,通过自行设计的一般情况表,收集可能与老年人DA发生有关的变量,采用多因素Logistic回归方法分析与社区、口腔门诊老年人DA发生有关因素.结果:DA的发生率在社区老人和口腔门诊老人中分别为23.86%、34.10%.Logistic回归分析显示,社区和口腔门诊老年人牙科焦虑症的共同影响因素包括性别、自我健康评价、亲友看牙经历、生活有焦虑;影响社区老年人牙科焦虑症的因素还包括看牙医的频率和既往就诊满意度. 结论:老年人DA的发生在社区和口腔门诊中均普遍存在,但影响因素有所不同. 减少DA对老年人口腔甚至身心健康的不良影响需要多方面共同努力.     

口腔门诊病人牙科焦虑症调查报告

目的了解口腔门诊病人牙科焦虑症情况.方法利用改良牙科焦虑量表（MDAS）对394例口腔门诊病人进行问卷调查,根据被调查者性别、学历、本次就诊科室、是否有牙科治疗史分组进行分析.结果牙科焦虑症的发生率为57.61%,不同性别、学历、就诊科室、是否有牙科治疗史对牙科焦虑症的发生差异有统计学意义.结论牙科焦虑症在临床中常见,不同性别、学历、本次就诊科室、是否有牙科治疗史对牙科焦虑症的发生有影响.     

261例口腔科患者口腔保健行为的调查分析

目的 了解口腔科患者的口腔健康知识水平和行为的现状。方法 自设问卷对261例口腔内科就诊患者的口腔保健知识、行为、态度进行调查。结果 85．4％的人每天至少刷两次牙，32．6％的人选用含氟牙膏；多数患者的口腔保健行为和对口腔保健知识的知晓情况较好。结论 患者对牙科服务的利用与他们对口腔健康的重视程度有关。     

深圳市成人牙科畏惧症患者的口腔健康相关生活质量研究

目的：研究牙科畏惧症（DF）患者的口腔健康相关生活质量。方法：选择在深圳市第五人民医院口腔科门诊就诊的358名18～75岁初诊患者,应用口腔焦虑量表（CDAS）和口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-14中文版）、人口统计学一般项目表进行调查。结果：DF患者的OHIP-14的分值中位数为21.25,明显高于一般就诊患者（中位数11.20）。且在生理性疼痛、心理不适和心理障碍等领域影响最大。CDAS与OHIP-14分值间的相关系数为0.255。结论：在牙科畏惧症患者中,牙科畏惧程度与口腔健康影响程度之间存在相关性,焦虑程度越高的患者口腔健康相关生活质量越差。对牙科畏惧症患者进行有效的心理干预可以提高其相关生活质量。     

术前牙科焦虑症对口腔种植手术相关疼痛及满意度的影响

目的:调查口腔种植患者人群牙科焦虑的发生情况,分析患者术前的牙科焦虑对口腔种植术中疼痛及手术满意度的影响.方法:通过问卷调查的方式对某段时期在上海地区某三甲医院接受口腔种植手术的全部患者进行知情同意后开展调查,收集调查对象的人口学信息、术前牙科焦虑评分、术中疼痛评分以及对手术的满意度评分等资料进行统计描述与数据分析.结...     

用LogisitcL回归模型研究影响口腔保健需求的因素

目的：测量北京市城区居民牙科服务就诊概率的影响因素,建立口腔保健就诊概率模型,为预测未来口腔保健需求量,建立合理有效的口腔保健服务体系提供依据。方法：分层、整群、随机抽样北京市区实际人口中所有年龄组1517人进行调查,用LogisitcL回归建立口腔保健需求的第一部模型－就诊概率模型。结果：认识是影响就诊概率的最主要因素,R值为0．36,OR值为48．79。医生教师、7－14岁儿童、出现明显疼痛症状或影响功能疾病及社会经济因素对就诊概率有较大影响。结论：口腔卫生服务领域存在与医疗服务需求有所不同的作用机制。人们的牙科服务利用主要取决于其对疾病的认识以及收入和保障制度的高低。     

用Logistic回归模型研究影响口腔保健需求的因素

目的测量北京市城区居民牙科服务就诊概率的影响因素,建立口腔保健就诊概率模型,为预测未来口腔保健需求量,建立合理有效的口腔保健服务体系提供依据.方法分层、整群、随机抽取北京市区实际人口中所有年龄组1 517人进行调查,用Iogistic回归建立口腔保健需求的第一部模型--就诊概率模型.结果认识是影响就诊概率的最主要因素,R值为0.36,OR值为48.79.医生教师、7～14岁儿童、出现明显疼痛症状或影响功能疾病及社会经济因素对就诊概率有较大影响.结论口腔卫生服务领域存在与医疗服务需求有所不同的作用机制.人们的牙科服务利用主要取决于其对疾病的认识以及收入和保障制度的高低.     

口腔修复患者牙科焦虑及相关因素研究

目的:了解口腔修复患者牙科焦虑症的流行情况及相关因素,探讨牙科焦虑程度与人口统计学因子、特质焦虑等的关系.方法:采用柯氏牙科焦虑量表、焦虑自评量表及自行设计的相关调查表对230例口腔修复患者进行调查,调查结果采用SPSS 11.5软件统计分析.结果:230名研究对象(20-82岁)牙科焦虑量表得分的平均分为(9.0+/...     

西藏驻军牙周健康状况流行病学抽样调查

目的：调查我国西藏驻军人员的牙周健康状况，并分析相关因素。方法：采用世界卫生组织1997年版口腔健康调查基本方法和标准器材，以分层、整群抽样方法选择拉萨驻军某部队为调查样本，对其进行问卷调查和临床检查。结果：共调查驻军人员730名，其中201人（27，53％）至少有1个区段牙龈探诊出血，505人（69．18％）检出牙结石，34人（4．66％）患有轻度牙周炎，1人（0.14％）患有重度牙周炎，牙周非健康状态的检出率为80．8％，总区段数为4380，其中牙周非健康的区段数为1941，牙周非健康状态的平均区段数为2．66。统计学表明牙结石的检出率、牙周非健康状态的检出率和年龄、军龄、军衔呈正相关，而与兵源、文化程度不相关。结论：牙周疾病已成为西藏驻军人员的常见病、多发病之一，有必要一方面加强口腔卫生教育，以促进其保持口腔卫生，另一方面需要加强配备口腔医疗设备和医疗人员，及时地为其预防和控制牙周病的病情。     

Changing dentate status of adults, use of dental health services, and achievement of national dental health goals in Denmark by the year 2000

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes the current profile of dentate status and use of dental health services among adults in Denmark at the turn of the millennium, assesses the impact on dentate status of sociodemographic factors and use of dental health services in adulthood and in childhood, and highlights the changes over time in dental health conditions among adults. Finally, the intention of the study was to evaluate the Danish dental health care system's level of achievement of the official goals for the year 2000 as formulated by the World Health Organization and the National Board of Health. The subjects of this study included a national representative sample of 16,690 Danish citizens aged 16 years and older (response rate=74.2%). A subsample (n=3,818) took part in a survey of dental care habits in childhood and prevalence of removable dentures; 66 percent of persons selected responded. METHODS: Personal interviews were used to collect information on dentate status, use of dental health services and living conditions; data on dental care habits in childhood and prevalence of removable dentures were collected by self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: In all, 8 percent of interviewed persons were edentulous, while 80 percent had 20 or more natural teeth. At age 65-74 years, 27 percent were edentulous and 40 percent had 20 teeth or more; 58 percent wore removable dentures. Dentate status and prevalence of dentures were highly related to educational background and income, particularly for older age groups. Among persons interviewed, 80 percent paid regular dental visits and visits were most frequent among persons of high education and income. At age 35-44 years 95 percent had participated in regular dental care in childhood compared to 49 percent of 65-74-year-olds. Multivariate analyses revealed that sociobehavioral factors had significant effects on dentate status. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to similar studies carried out in 1987 and 1994, the present survey indicates a positive trend of improved dentate status in adult Danes in general and regular use of dental health services increased considerably over time. The WHO goals for better dental health by the year 2000 were achieved for 35-44-year-olds, whereas the goal of more people with functional dentitions at age 65 years or older was not achieved. It remains a challenge to the Danish dental health system to help even out the social inequalities in dental health.     

Relationship between age, dental status and regular dental care in Norway illustrated by a model

The purpose of this paper was to describe the relationship between age, dental status, and patterns of dental visits. Data from a national health survey of 11,014 persons in Norway 1975 were used. The model shows that though the absolute number of regular attenders decreased with increasing age their relative number among dentate persons increased with increasing age. Different examples of how the model may be used are described. Finally three explanations are given of the dental attendance pattern among Norwegian adults.     

Strategies for combating dental anxiety

Dental anxiety and subsequent avoidance of dental care and deterioration of oral health pose a significant problem for the dental profession. In an attempt to elucidate preferences of anxious dental patients, we gathered survey data from 121 persons at a small, private liberal arts college in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Half of the respondents experienced dental anxiety, and most of these (66 percent) attributed anxiety to fear of anticipated pain. The majority of anxious patients preferred a dentist to be friendly (93 percent), talkative (82 percent), and to have an office with adorned walls (89 percent) and a slightly cool temperature (63 percent). Patients who identified themselves as anxious also indicated that music in the background (89 percent) and magazines and books in the dental office (75 percent) were helpful. Anxious patients were more likely than non-anxious patients to prefer a male dentist (77 percent versus 52 percent). This finding was especially marked among anxious male respondents, 93 percent of whom preferred a male dentist compared to 73 percent of anxious female respondents. These survey data may assist dental professionals in understanding and combating patients' dental anxiety, in order to increase the frequency of dental visits and to prompt a corresponding restoration or maintenance of oral health.     

我军现役人员口腔健康现状的变化和发展

目的:调查15年期间我军男性现役人员龋病、牙周病的流行状况和变化趋势。方法:1993、2008年利用抽样调查方法、2003年利用捷径调查方法对全军具有代表性的陆军、海军、空军等军种男性现役人员的龋病、牙周疾病状况进行口腔健康检查。结果:15年期间我军的龋病、牙周疾病的患病率和强度显著下降,海军龋齿患病率和活动性龋病高于陆军和空军。结论:15年期间我军男性现役人员口腔健康状况稳步提高,还需进一步改善海军的口腔卫生勤务保障能力。     

Oral health status among low‐income people admitted to Osaka Socio‐Medical Center in Japan

Objective : To examine the dental condition, perceived oral symptoms, and frequency of dental visits among low‐income people admitted to Osaka Socio‐Medical Center (OMSC) and to compare with Japanese national survey respondents. Methods : Oral health examinations for inpatients admitted to OMSC were performed from August to November 2004. In total, 113 inpatients who were in the recovery period without acute symptoms, were selected. Results : 109 inpatients received dental examination. All participants were male. About half of the subjects (49%) did not have any medical insurance, and the percentage of subjects who had 20 or more teeth was smaller than in a national survey in all age groups. The subjects had a higher reported frequency of oral symptoms compared with respondents to the national survey. Accessibility to dental clinics among subjects was notably low. Conclusion : Dental condition and perceived oral symptoms among the subjects were poor compared to national survey respondents. Dental care to improve the oral health condition of this segment of the population is needed.     

Oral health disparities and food insecurity in working poor Canadians

Objectives: This study explored oral health disparities associated with food insecurity in working poor Canadians. Methods: We used a cross‐sectional stratified study design and telephone survey methodology to obtain data from 1049 working poor persons aged between 18 and 64 years. The survey instrument contained sociodemographic items, self‐reported oral health measures, access to dental care indicators (dental visiting behaviour and insurance coverage) and questions about competing financial demands. Food‐insecure persons gave ‘often’ or ‘sometimes’ responses to any of the three food insecurity indicators used in the Canadian Community Health Survey (2003) assessing ‘worry’ about not having enough food, not eating enough food and not having the desired quality of food because of insufficient finances in the previous 12 months. Results: Food‐insecure working poor persons had poor oral health compared with food‐secure working poor persons indicated by a higher percentage of denture wearers (P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of toothache, pain and functional impacts related to chewing, speaking, sleeping and work difficulties (P < 0.001). Fewer food‐insecure persons rated their oral health as good or very good (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that oral health disparities between food‐insecure and food‐secure persons related to denture wearing, having a toothache, reporting poor/very poor self‐rated oral health or experiencing an oral health impact persisted after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and access to dental care factors (P < 0.05). Food‐insecure working poor persons reported relinquishing goods or services in order to pay for necessary dental care. Conclusions: This study identified oral health disparities within an already marginalized group not alleviated by access to professional dental care. Working poor persons regarded professional dental care as a competing financial demand.     

Periodontal status by CPITN, and associated variables in an Israeli permanent force military population

AIMS: The objectives were to determine periodontal treatment needs using the CPITN index, of Israeli permanent force military personnel. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1300 military personnel aged 25-44 years (mean age 33.8 +/- 5.4), who attended obligatory routine medical and dental examinations. Clinical examinations were conducted by 3 calibrated examiners, employing flat dental mirrors, the specially designed WHO periodontal probes (FDI probes) and following CPITN criteria. The frequency distributions were studied with regard to age groups, gender and education, as well as differences in the severity of the disease. Also, the mean number of sextants affected per person by age was assessed. RESULTS: Only 1.19% of the subjects demonstrated healthy periodontal tissue. Shallow pockets were similarly found among all age groups, and the number of persons with deep pockets increased with age. Deep pockets were found almost 3 x more among males (18.66%) in comparison with females (6.19%). Persons with higher education (> 12 years), had less deep pockets and bleeding than individuals with less than 12 years of education (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with data from other countries reported by the WHO, this periodontal status indicates a relatively high level of treatment needs. This survey provides a substantial contribution to the national oral health data bank concerning the adult working population in Israel.     

Comparing dental utilization of United States of America military recruits with their employed civilian cohorts

This study compares the dental utilization of United States of America (USA) military recruits with that of their employed civilian cohorts. Military data were collected between February and June 1994 at one recruit in-processing site per service, using self-administered questionnaires on a prestratified, systematic, random sample of 2369 Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine recruits. Women and blacks were oversampled. Civilian data come from the most recent oral health survey of working adults in the USA. Results show that annual dental utilization rates of military recruits equal or are less than those of their employed civilian cohorts. Overall, 38% of recruits have seen a dentist in the past year, while 30% have not seen a dentist in 3 or more years. Such low consumption of dental care suggests that dental utilization habits prior to service entry do not contribute appreciably to the high dental utilization rates seen among active duty US military personnel. Received: 17 December 1996 / Accepted: 30 June 1997     

正畸患者对牙列中线偏移的审美认知评价

目的 调查正畸患者对牙列中线偏移的关注程度与审美评价.方法 建立男女性牙列中线偏移模型,利用电子问卷对正畸患者进行调查.结果 调查样本共计 203例,男性牙列中线偏移的审美理想值、察觉值、容忍度分别为-0.012 mm、1.42 mm、2.50 mm;女性为-0.017 mm、1.31mm、2.62 mm.结论 理想值、察觉值和容忍度三个指标可以对牙列中线偏移的审美影响进行定量评价,其量化值具有一定的临床指导意义.