2009年包头市桶装饮用水卫生状况调查

目的了解包头市桶装饮用水(纯净水、矿泉水)卫生质量,以便进一步规范桶装水的生产,给消费者提供安全卫生的饮用水,为卫生监督管理提供科学依据。方法 2009年,对包头市64家桶装水生产企业进行了现场调查和样品检测。结果桶装饮用水生产企业的卫生设施距国家卫生标准要求还有很大差距,检测桶装饮用水146份,总合格率42.46%。结论包头市桶装水卫生状况较差,部分生产企业缺少必要的卫生设备,部分产品受到微生物污染,需要卫生监督机构进一步对生产企业人员进行卫生知识培训,加大对其监督力度,以保证产品的卫生质量,保障人民的身体健康。     

中山市桶装饮用水卫生质量分析及管理对策

目的分析中山市桶装饮用水卫生质量,探索管理对策。方法对中山市28家桶装水生产厂进行抽样监测,共检测桶装饮用水(纯净水、矿泉水、净水)123份,按国家标准进行评价分析。结果检测123份桶装饮用水,合格95份,合格率77.2%。其中,饮用纯净水80份,合格62份,合格率77.5%;天然矿泉水32份,合格26份,合格率81.3%;天然净水11份,合格7份,合格率63.6%。结论桶装饮用水的卫生质量不容乐观,合格率不足80%。微生物超标是影响桶装饮用水卫生质量的主要问题,应引起有关部门的重视,加强卫生监督,实施规范管理,建立危害分析与临界控制点(HACCP)体系是保证桶装饮用水卫生质量的关键。     

2007～2009年山东省桶装饮用水卫生状况调查

[目的]了解山东省桶装水的卫生质量,以便进一步规范桶装水的生产,为卫生监督管理提供科学依据。[方法]对2007~2009年随机抽检的省内生产厂家生产的325份桶装饮用水、矿泉水、纯净水进行卫生监测和结果统计分析。[结果]325份桶装水总合格率为66.46%,各年度合格率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同类别桶装水合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),不合格因素以菌落总数和电导率超标为主。[结论]山东省内桶装水卫生合格率较低,需要卫生监督部门进一步加强对生产企业人员的卫生知识培训,加大监督力度,以保证产品卫生质量。     

2006～2007年大连市桶装饮用水卫生状况分析

[目的]了解大连市桶装饮用水（纯净水、矿泉水）卫生质量,以便进一步规范桶装水的生产,为卫生监督、食品安全监管提供科学依据。[方法]20062007年对大连市57家桶装饮用水生产企业进行了现场调查和样品检测。[结果]共检测127份水样,合格的78份,合格率为61.42%。2006、2007年合格率分别为52.42%、72.22%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。[结论]本地产桶装饮用水的合格率较低,加强监管后生产企业对桶装饮用水卫生质量重要性有明显提高。但本市桶装饮用水在生产环节上存在问题,卫生质量不容乐观,应引起有关部门和厂家的高度重视,加强监督与管理。     

2002年包头市部分桶装饮用水卫生状况调查

[目的]了解包头市桶装饮用水的卫生状况，寻找良好对策，指导卫生监督工作。[方法]2002年4～5月对包头市58家桶装饮用水生产企业进行现场卫生学调查；随机抽取桶装饮用水样进行检测。[结果]桶装饮用水生产企业存在不同程度的卫生问题；抽检水样58份，全部指标均合格的27份，合格率为46.6％。[结论]包头市桶装饮用水的卫生状况不容乐观，必须加强卫生监督管理，进一步提高产品的卫生质量。     

2002年包头市部分桶装饮用水卫生状况调查

[目的 ]了解包头市桶装饮用水的卫生状况 ,寻找良好对策 ,指导卫生监督工作。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 2年 4～ 5月对包头市 5 8家桶装饮用水生产企业进行现场卫生学调查 ;随机抽取桶装饮用水样进行检测。 [结果 ]桶装饮用水生产企业存在不同程度的卫生问题 ;抽检水样 5 8份 ,全部指标均合格的 2 7份 ,合格率为 46 6%。 [结论 ]包头市桶装饮用水的卫生状况不容乐观 ,必须加强卫生监督管理 ,进一步提高产品的卫生质量     

桶装饮用水微生物检测分析

为掌握桶装饮用水微生物污染状况 ,加强桶装水的卫生监督管理 ,保证水质卫生安全 ,对淄博市生产的79个品牌桶装饮用水进行微生物学检测。结果62份纯净水合格率为67.74 % ,17份矿泉水合格率为41.18 % ,矿泉水合格率低于纯净水合格率 ,差别有统计学意义(χ2=3.99 ,P<0.05)。淄博市桶装饮用水微生物指标合格率偏低     

桶装饮用水生产企业卫生状况调查

目的了解桶装饮用水生产企业的卫生管理、卫生设施及饮水卫生质量。方法 对桶装饮用水生产企业进行卫生监督检查,从同一批次的产品中随机抽样检测。检验项目,纯净水为:pH值、电导率、菌落总数、大肠菌群;矿泉水:菌落总数、大肠菌群。结果 共检测24家饮水生产企业,其中纯净水生产企业有18家,合格率为56.8％;矿泉水生产企业有6家,合格率为84.7％。结论 桶装饮用水的卫生质量不容乐观,应加大对桶装饮用水生产企业的卫生监督力度,尽快制定《桶装饮用水生产企业卫生规范》,以保障消费者的身体健康。     

洛阳市桶装饮用水卫生状况调查

[目的 ]了解洛阳市桶装饮用水卫生现状 ,为进一步搞好工作提供科学依据。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 4年 3月对洛阳市全部桶装饮用水生产企业的卫生状况进行全面调查 ,并采集成品进行检测。 [结果 ]洛阳市桶装饮用水生产厂家的卫生状况参差不齐 ,桶装水合格率为 71 3 2 % ,不合格的主要是微生物指标 ;有卫生许可证的生产厂家合格率明显高于无证厂家。[结论 ]洛阳市桶装饮用水的卫生质量有待进一步提高。     

龙岩市桶装饮用水卫生质量监测结果

目的 掌握和了解龙岩市桶装饮用水的卫生质量，更好地加强监督管理。方法 对龙岩市桶装饮用水(矿泉水，纯净水，饮用净水)的生产企业、销售商店和食品卫生监督中送(抽)检的样品进行质量监测。结果 全年共检测桶装饮用水126份，合格率为84．13％。其中矿泉水合格率87．80％，纯净水合格率93．48％，饮用净水合格率69．23％。结论 龙岩市桶装饮用水中矿泉水，纯净水的质量尚好，饮用净水存在着较严重的质量问题，微生物严重超标，生产企业应加强质量管理，卫生部门应加大监督执法力度。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.