功能区及其邻近部位胶质瘤的立体定向等体积切除术

目的 探讨胶质瘤等体积切除术的应用价值。方法 采用CT定位立体定向等体积切除方法切除功能区胶质瘤21例,观察手术效果。结果 肿瘤全部切除19例,次全切除2例。术后一过性语言、运动或感觉障碍8例,永久性功能障碍2例。结论 此手术方法术前可以精确定位并确定手术切除范围,避免功能区损伤。     

立体定向等体积切除幕上低级别胶质瘤

目的 探讨立体定向等体积切除术在低级别胶质瘤手术中的应用价值。方法 利用MR导向立体定向等体积切除方法切除大脑半球不同部位的低级别胶质瘤58例，其中功能区39例。对本术式的手术疗效、优越性及注意事项进行分析。结果 全组病例均达到肿瘤影像学全切除。术后症状改善或无变化51例(87．9％)，症状加重7例，除1例未恢复外，其余6例均在短期内恢复。结论 立体定向等体积切除术可以精确定位并确定手术切除范围，有助于提高低级别胶质瘤的全切除率及降低手术并发症的发生。     

磁共振引导下等体积切除幕上胶质瘤

目的探讨应用立体定向技术和神经导航系统辅助等体积切除幕上胶质瘤。方法回顾性总结1995年10月至2003年8月完成的114例磁共振引导下幕上胶质瘤等体积切除病例,其中77例施行了立体定向开颅切除,37例行神经导航手术。对术式的优点和注意事项进行分析。结果立体定向开颅组均全切肿瘤。术后一过性运动障碍加重6例,语言障碍加重3例。导航手术组肿瘤全切34例,次全切除3例。术后出现不同程度的肢体肌力下降和(或)语言障碍7例。二组共有2例留有永久性轻瘫,1例不全性失语,其余均在短期内恢复。结论在磁共振引导下,应用立体定向开颅术和神经导航手术可对大脑半球不同部位的胶质瘤行影像学等体积切除,微导管法简便、实用,有助于提高肿瘤的全切除率和降低并发症。     

立体定向染色明胶海绵标记技术在脑胶质瘤等体积切术中的应用 (附12例临床分析)

目的探讨染色明胶海绵标记技术在脑胶质瘤立体定向等体积切除术的临床应用价值。方法运用立体定向技术和染色明胶海绵标记技术标定出肿瘤边界,通过等体积切除的方法切除12例脑胶质瘤,对该术式疗效、优越性进行分析。结果全组病例均达到肿瘤影像学全切除,术后无医源性神经功能损害表现。结论染色明胶海绵标记技术成功解决了既往标记技术上的缺陷,显著提高了胶质瘤全切除率。方法简单实用,有效地保护正常脑功能、降低手术并发症,显著改善胶质瘤患者预后。     

立体定向显微手术等体积切除幕上脑胶质瘤

随着CT及MRT在临床广泛使用以及神经外科技术和没备的日臻完善.对幕上脑实质内边界不清,浸润性生长的脑胶质瘤,如何精确定位并确定手术切除范同,保护功能区脑组织,提高患者生存质量,是神经外科医生的追求日标.我科自2001年1月～2009年12月使用ASA-602S市体定向仪,在CT导向下采用市体定向显微手术等体积切除幕上脑胶质瘤30例,效果满意,现分析报告如下.     

脑胶质瘤病

目的 探讨脑胶质瘤病（GC）的诊断和治疗。方法 对本院神经外科1982－1997年间收治的13例GC进行回顾性研究。结果：GC临床表现以头痛（11／13）和癫痫（4／13）为常见,后期多出现严惩颅高压片象。病灶弥漫性生长6例,多发性生长7例,9例行开颅手术,3例行立体定向穿刺活检,1例行尸检,病理诊断：星形胶质瘤I级7例,星形胶质瘤I－II级2例,星形胶质瘤II级2例,少枝胶质瘤I级1例,少枝－星形混合胶质瘤II级1例,平均生存期为5．75月,结论 讨论了GC的发生,临床表现,影像学特点,病理特点,治疗方法以及预后。     

中国人脑立体定位MRI海马结构体积的测定

目的 测量标准立体定位空间获得的健康中国人脑MRI海马结构的体积,为应用体积测量方法早期诊断颞叶癫痫等疾病提供影像学的参考标准.方法 在标准立体定位空间对100例健康中国人脑进行T1加权像MRI扫描,在冠状位MRI上应用软件测量海马结构的体积,并进行相关统计学分析.结果 在标准立体定位空间MRI能够较清晰、真实的显示海马结构.男女海马结构体积分别为2981.39±297.47 mm3和2970.43±330.13 mm3,性别之间海马结构的体积差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);左右侧体积分别为2949.67±327.06mm3和3001.81±298.97mm3 ,左右侧海马的体积存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),右侧大于左侧.在20～29岁、30～39岁、40～49岁、50～59岁组间MRI海马结构的体积差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),而20～29岁、30～39岁、40～49岁、50～59岁组与60～69岁组间经统计学分析发现具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),60岁以后,海马体积逐渐缩小.结论 在标准立体定位空间获得的海马结构体积与性别无关,右侧海马结构体积大于左侧(P＜0.05).60岁以后,海马结构体积随年龄增加而逐渐缩小,因此在MRI影像学诊断海马结构病变时应给予重视.     

神经导航下等体积切除幕上胶质瘤

目的探讨神经导航等体积切除幕上胶质瘤的方法与疗效。方法回顾性总结37例该类病例,对术式的优点和注意事项进行分析。结果肿瘤等体积切除34例,次全切除3例。术后肢体肌力下降3例,肌力下降伴语言障碍加重2例,语言障碍加重2例。术后4周仅1例轻瘫,1例不全性运动性失语,余病人均恢复。结论在磁共振引导下,应用神经导航手术可对大脑半球不同部位的胶质瘤行影像学等体积切除。     

高场强术中磁共振成像对脑胶质瘤全切率的影响及其评估

目的 探讨高场强术中磁共振成像(iMRI)对脑胶质瘤手术全切率的影响及其意义.方法 自2009年2月至6月应用高场强iMRI施行脑胶质瘤切除术40例.运用术中影像数据对胶质瘤体积及全切率做回顾性分析.结果 术中第1次行iMRI扫描仅10例胶质瘤完全切除,30例肿瘤仍有残留,23例行进一步切除,其中21例胶质瘤最终全切除.最终肿瘤的伞切率从25%提高到78%,残存肿瘤的体积也明显下降.结论 高场强iMRI的应用显著提高脑胶质瘤手术的全切率.     

Volumetric Imaging of Neural Activity by Light Field Microscopy

Recording the highly diverse and dynamic activities in large populations of neurons in behaving animals is crucial for a better understanding of how the brain works. To meet this challenge, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing functional fluorescent indicators and optical imaging techniques to optically monitor neural activity. Indeed, optical imaging potentially has extremely high throughput due to its non-invasive access to large brain regions and capability to sample neurons at high density, but the readout speed, such as the scanning speed in two-photon scanning microscopy, is often limited by various practical considerations. Among different imaging methods, light field microscopy features a highly parallelized 3D fluorescence imaging scheme and therefore promises a novel and faster strategy for functional imaging of neural activity. Here, we briefly review the working principles of various types of light field microscopes and their recent developments and applications in neuroscience studies. We also discuss strategies and considerations of optimizing light field microscopy for different experimental purposes, with illustrative examples in imaging zebrafish and mouse brains.     

颅内囊性病变的神经内窥镜手术治疗

目的：分析颅内囊性病变的神经内窥镜手术治疗及效果。方法：应用ｗｏｌｆ硬质神经内窥镜治疗颅内囊性病变１２例,其中颅咽管瘤３例,透明隔囊肿２例,蛛网膜囊肿７例。结果：临床症状改善１２例（１００％）,影像检查改善１１例（９２％）。结论：神经内窥镜手术是治疗颅内囊性病变的一种安全有效的方法。     

立体定向间质内放射治疗丘脑胶质瘤的临床分析

报告采用ＣＴ引导下立体定向间质内放射治疗丘脑胶质瘤２６例，其中男１６例。女１０例，肿瘤位于左侧丘脑１１例，右侧丘脑１５例，其中胶质瘤Ⅰ级７例，Ⅱ级１５例，多形胶质母细胞瘤４例。随访时间最长３年零５个月，随访中发现死亡１２例，死亡率为４２．３％。本组无手术死亡。术后均未发生偏瘫。本文着重讨论了两种手术方法的结果；不同剂量照射后影像学的改变及并发症的预防和治疗问题。     

荧光引导下脑胶质瘤边界的组织病理学研究

目的 5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)引导的荧光手术已应用于临床恶性脑胶质瘤的治疗,本实验的目的是探讨ALA荧光引导切除脑胶质瘤的荧光边界与侵袭性的关系.方法 对11例胶质母细胞瘤患者麻醉诱导前3h给予口服ALA,术中使用荧光显微镜检测肿瘤荧光,根据有无荧光留取组织标本.利用免疫组化方法检测荧光组与非荧光组组织中侵袭性指标细胞粘附分子CD44(CD44-HCM)、基质蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和肌腱蛋白(TN)的表达.结果 CD44-HCM、MMP-9和TN在荧光组织与无荧光组织中的阳性表达率有显著差异(P＜0.01),与无荧光的组织相比,荧光组中CD44-HCM、MMP-9和TN表达的阳性率明显增加.结论 ALA诱导的肿瘤荧光边界与脑胶质瘤组织病理学边界相符,进一步表明,荧光引导手术能够有效的切除脑胶质瘤,并且为手术提供客观边界.     

荧光引导鼠脑胶质瘤切除的实验研究

目的探讨荧光引导鼠脑胶质瘤切除的有效性。方法利用含有荧光物质的胶质瘤模型在手术荧光显微镜下激发荧光，根据荧光影像判定肿瘤边界并切除肿瘤。切除后对肿瘤中心、边界和周边进行病理检查。结果有荧光物质的胶质瘤体在荧光显微镜下激发出绿色荧光。荧光强度高的肿瘤组织含有大量的肿瘤细胞，并可见血管内皮细胞增生，荧光强度较弱或者没有荧光的区域仅有少量的肿瘤细胞和血管内皮细胞增生。结论该方法能够有效的切除胶质瘤，并为手术者提供客观的肿瘤边界，提高了手术切除率，具有深远的临床应用前景。     

Extent of resection affects prognosis for patients with glioblastoma in non-eloquent regions

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant cerebral neoplasm carrying poor prognosis. The importance of extent of resection (EoR) in GBM patient outcomes has been argued in the literature. Previous studies included tumors in eloquent regions of the brain. This confounds the role of EoR by including patients with intrinsically worse outcomes but will be over-represented in the reduced EoR category. In a homogenous group of patients in whom GTR was considered achievable, we investigated the effect of increasing EoR on survival. A retrospective review of 51 patients was undertaken. Quantitative, volumetric analysis of pre-operative and post-operative magnetic resonance image was compared with corresponding clinical details. The primary outcome measured was post-operative overall survival. Median overall survival was 18.3 months for GTR patients compared to 11.6 months for non-GTR (p = 0.025). Median pre-operative contrast-enhancing tumor volume for GTR patients was 54.7 cm³ and 24.9 cm³ for non-GTR. Post-operative median residual tumor volume was 1.1 cm³ in the non-GTR cohort. In multivariate analyses, GTR (HR [95% CI] = 0.973 [0.954–0.994], p = 0.00559) and increasing EoR (HR [95% CI] = 0.964 [0.944–0.985], p = 0.000665) remained predictors of survival. Centile dichotomization of EoR revealed 74% (HR [95% CI] = 0.351 [0.128–0.958], p = 0.0409) as the lowest threshold conferring statistically significant survival benefit. Where technically feasible, both GTR and EoR remained as independent prognostic factors for survival. GTR remains the gold standard for surgical treatment of GBM in patients, 74% being the minimum EoR required to confer survival benefit.     

Intraorbital Encephalocele Presenting with Exophthalmos and Orbital Dystopia : CT and MRI Findings

A 15-year-old female patient with progressive pulsatile exophthalmos caused by intraorbital encephalocele was evaluated with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our clinic. She had no history of trauma or reconstructive surgery. When she was a little girl, she had undergone surgery for congenital glaucoma on the right eye. On the three-dimensional image of CT, a hypoplasic bone defect was observed in the greater wing of the right sphenoid bone. MRI and CT scan showed herniation through this defect of the arachnoid membrane and protruded cerebral tissue into the right orbita. Intraorbital encephalocele is an important entity that can cause pulsatile exophthalmos and blindness.