儿童乙型肝炎血清标志物与HBV-DNA定量检测的关系探讨

[目的]探讨儿童乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)血清标志物与HBV-DNA含量的关系. [方法]202例血清标本用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测乙型肝炎病毒标志物,同时用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)法检测标本中HBV-DNA的含量. [结果]HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb阳性组中,HBV-DNA阳性率为98.9%(88/89);HBsAg、HBeAg阳性组的HBV-DNA阳性率为100%(6/6);HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性组中,HBV-DNA阳性率为25%(9/36);HBsAb、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性组的HBV-DNA阳性率为12.5%(2/16);HBsAg、HBcAb阳性组和HBeAb、HBcAb阳性组分别5例中各有1例检出HBV-DNA;33例HBsAb阳性中仅1例HBV-DNA阳性;12例HBV血清标志物全阴的标本未检出HBV-DNA.[结论]儿童乙肝患者的多种血清标志物模式中都存在HBV-DNA复制.以HBeAg阳性者HBV-DNA复制水平最高.血清标志物与HBV-DNA联合检测对乙型肝炎的早期诊断、治疗方案的制定,尤其对抗病毒药物治疗的疗效观察具有重要的临床意义.     

乙型肝炎患者HBV DNA含量与血清标志物关系的研究

目的探讨乙型肝炎患者血清标志物(HBV-M)与HBV-DNA的关系,分析荧光定量-PCR检测在判断乙型肝炎病毒复制中的应用。方法笔者分别采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和荧光定量-PCR(FQ-PCR)法检测了717例慢性乙型肝炎病毒患者血清中HBV-M、HBV-DNA,对其结果进行分析比较。结果在HBsAg( )HBeAg( )HBcAb( )血清中HBV-DNA阳性率和含量最高,血清中HBeAg与HBV-DNA含量密切相关,但部分HBeAg阴性或HBeAb阳性患者也有较高的HBV-DNA阳性率及含量。结论单凭血清免疫标志物模式难以准确判断HBV的复制程度及传染性的强弱,定量检测HBV-DNA能真实反映HBV的复制情况,对诊断、治疗乙肝患者及疗效观察具有较大的指导意义。     

乙肝血清标志物与HBV-DNA检测结果的相关性分析

目的:探讨乙肝血清标志物与HBV-DNA检测结果的相关性,以及二者联合检测在临床诊断中的应用。方法:收集1445例乙肝患者血清,同时采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测乙肝血清标志物和实时荧光定量PCR技术检HBV-DNA拷贝数。结果:HBsAg阳性HBeAg阳性组的HBV-DNA阳性率高于HBsAg阳性HBeAg阴性组和HBsAg阴性HBeAg阴性组(P<0.01),且HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、抗HBc(+)类型中病毒载量集中在高拷贝区段,但在HBeAg阳性者中仍有部分HBV-DNA为阴性(10.9%),而在HBsAg阳性HBeAg阴性组中HBV-DNA阳性率仍有25.5%。结论:HBeAg阳性是反映病毒复制的良好指标,但无正相关;仅依靠乙肝血清标志物检测不能很准确地判断HBV复制的程度及其传染性的强弱;乙肝血清标志物与HBV-DNA检测的结合能更好地为临床提供准确可靠的诊断数据。     

HBV-DNA与乙型肝炎血清标志物的相关性分析

目的 探讨乙型肝炎患者HBV-DNA定量与血清标志物(HBV-M)的关系及应用价值.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和荧光定量-PCR(FQ-PCR)法对688例乙肝患者进行HBV-M以及HBV-DNA定量检测.结果 在HBsAg( )HBeAg( ) 血清中HBV-DNA阳性率和含量最高,血清中HBeAg与HBV-DNA 含量密切相关,但部分HBeAg阴性或HBeAb阳性患者也有较高的HBV-DNA 阳性率及含量.结论 单凭血清免疫标志物模式难以准确判断HBV的复制程度及传染性的强弱,定量检测HBV-DNA能真实反映HBV的复制情况,对诊断、治疗乙肝患者及疗效观察具有重要的临床意义.     

孕妇HBeAg阳性对新生儿HBV血清学标志物动态变化的影响分析

目的分析HBeAg阳性孕妇对于新生儿感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)情况的影响。方法选取2013年1月-2015年6月医院接诊的HBeAg阳性孕妇共120名为感染组对象,根据HBV-DNA载毒量分为低毒亚组69例以及高毒亚组51例,选取医院产检分娩的HBeAg阴性孕妇120例为对照组,应用PCR法检测孕妇和新生儿的HBV-DNA表达量,应用免疫组化法检测乙型肝炎血清标志物表达情况,对比组间新生儿HBV相关血清标志物表达的差异,分析HBeAg阳性以及孕妇HBV感染对新生儿的影响。结果感染组新生儿HBsAg阳性率为29.17%、HBeAg阳性率为39.17%、抗-HBc阳性率为32.50%、大三阳率为9.17%、小双阳率为33.33%、双阳率为8.33%、HBV-DNA阳性率为51.67%,显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高毒亚组新生儿HBsAg阳性率为49.02%、HBeAg阳性率为50.98%、抗-HBc阳性率为43.14%、大三阳率为13.73%、小双阳率为54.90%、双阳率为15.69%、HBV-DNA阳性率为66.67%,高于低毒亚组(P<0.05);双变量相关分析法显示孕妇HBV-DNA表达量和新生儿HBV-DNA、HBsAg阳性、HBeAg阳性有显著相关性(P<0.01)。结论妊娠期间孕妇HBeAg阳性能够增加新生儿感染HBV的风险,且孕妇HBV-DNA载毒量越高,新生儿感染HBV危险越高,积极阻断HBV母婴传播对于新生儿健康极为重要。     

1517例乙肝标志物和HBV-DNA定量相关性分析

目的探讨血清HBV-DNA水平与HBV血清标志物的相关性。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR对1517例HBV感染者血清标本中HBV-DNA含量进行检测,同时用ELISA法检测其HBV免疫标志物。结果HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb阳性组患者血清HBV-DNA检出率98.24%;HBsAg、HBeAg阳性组为100.00%;HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性组为60.98%;HBsAg、HBcAb阳性组为37.71%;HBcAb阳性组为12.90%。结论患者血清HBV-DNA的阳性率与HBV血清标志物的存在状态相关,采用FQ PCR法检测HBV-DNA能更准确、直接地反映体内病毒复制情况。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染患者的联合检测临床意义

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染患者血清乙型肝炎五项标志物、乙型肝炎DNA(HBV-DNA)定量与乙型肝炎前S1抗原(PreS1Ag)联合检测的临床意义,以期能为临床诊断提供参考。方法 2012年1月-2013年7月对诊治的120例HBV感染患者空腹抽取静脉血检测乙型肝炎五项标志物、HBV-DNA定量与PreS1Ag,分析其结果,采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果乙型肝炎五项标志物检测结果 HBsAg+HBsAb、HBsAg+HBeAg+HBcAb、HBsAg+HBeAb+HBcAb、HBsAg+HBeAg、HBsAg+HBeAb、HBsAg+HBcAb模式分别占2.50%、25.84%、45.00%、10.00%、5.83%、10.83%,PreS1Ag阳性率为60.83%,HBV-DNA阳性率为67.50%;HBV-DNA阳性患者中PreS1Ag阳性率74.04%高于HBeAg阳性率45.68%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乙型肝炎五项标志物、HBV-DNA、PreS1Ag联合检测更能准确判断HBV复制状况及传染性。     

荧光定量检测HBV DNA与血清五项指标对比分析

目的血清乙肝病毒标志物(HBV-M)与血清HBV DNA含量的相关性。方法采用ELISA法测定HBV抗原、抗体,FQ-PCR测定HBV DNA。结果在1600例血清标本中,FQ-PCR273例阳性,阳性率17．1%；在五项指标组合模式中以HBsAg、HBeAg和HBeAb均阳性者FQ-PCR检出HBV-DNA阳性率最高为98．9%(180/182),HBV DNA平均拷贝数2．48×10~7；其次为257例HBsAg、抗-Hbe、抗HBc均阳性者,FQ-PCR186例阳性,阳性率72．3%,HBV DNA平均拷贝数3．92×10~5。结论两种方法具有很好的相关性,都是诊断乙肝病毒感染的重要方法。同时进行乙型肝炎血清标志物的检测及HBV DNA定量PCR的检测,更有利于临床对HBV感染的诊断,对治疗方案的选择及疗效判断。     

南平地区2006--2007年乙型肝炎病毒分子流行病学研究

目的了解南平地区2006-2007年乙型肝炎病毒的分子流行病学方法。方法对8县区综合医院210份乙型肝炎感染者，采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ-PCR）检测HBV-DNA含量，ELlSA方法检测血清标志物（HBV-M），PCR-RFLP方法对基因分型。结果HBsAg＋／HBeAb＋／HBeAg＋组HBV-DNA的阳性率为94．9％，HBV-DNA含量也最高。HBsAg阳性组-9HBsAg阴性组的HBV-DNA含量差异有统计学意义，HBeAg阳性组与阴性组的HBV-DNA含量差异有统计学意义。结论HBV-DNA含量与HBsAg、HBeAg的存在明显关联。HBV-DNA含量可真实反应HBV的感染和复制情况，对临床诊断、药物治疗及疗效观察有重要的指导意义。     

乙型肝炎血清标志物与HBV-DNA水平关系探讨

目的探讨乙型肝炎患者血清标志物与HBV-DNA水平之间的关系。方法选择2009年1月—2012年11月收治的乙型肝炎患者722例,根据入院乙型肝炎五项检测结果,HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc阳性患者213例为A组,HBsAg、HBeAg阳性患者25例为B组,HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性患者311例为C组,HBsAg、抗-HBc阳性患者129例为D组,HBsAg阳性患者44例为E组。用ELISA法检测血清标志物,用PCR法检测HBV-DNA水平,并对检测结果进行比较。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 HBeAg阳性239例,其中HBV-DNA阳性226例,阳性率94.56%;HBeAg阴性483例,其中HBV-DNA阳性226例,阳性率46.79%。HBeAg阳性与HBeAg阴性患者HBV-DNA阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HBV-DNA检测阳性A组204例,占95.77%;B组22例,占88.00%;C组160例,占51.45%;D组50例,占38.76%;E组16例,占36.36%。HBV-DNA检测阴性A组9例,占4.23%;B组3例,占12.00%;C组151例,占48.55%;D组79例,占61.24%;E组28例,占63.64%。结论对乙型肝炎患者血清标志物进行检测,可了解HBV在体内的感染情况,但不能直接反映HBV在患者体内的复制情况,HBV-DNA水平检测可以更好地反映病毒的复制情况。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.