锁骨下动脉阻塞支架置入50例临床分析

目的探讨腔内支架置入治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症的临床疗效。方法2001年5月~2006年4月,我院采用腔内支架置入治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞50例53支病变。45例经股动脉顺行,5例经腋动脉逆行支架置入。7例伴有颈动脉或椎动脉严重狭窄同期行支架置入。结果术后患肢血压测定均较术前明显提高,患/健侧血压指数由术前0.69±0.12提高至术后0.98±0.11(t=9.731,P=0.000)。43例随访3~60个月,平均14.5月,锁骨下动脉再狭窄率(>50%)11.6%(5/43)。结论腔内介入支架治疗锁骨下动脉严重狭窄和闭塞是一种安全、有效的方法,为临床首选。     

锁骨下动脉窃血综合征的腔内治疗

目的:探讨锁骨下动脉窃血综合征的腔内治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析10年间86例行血管腔内治疗的锁骨下动脉窃血综合征患者临床资料,其中锁骨下动脉闭塞11例,狭窄75例,狭窄程度均>70%。结果:86例患者均成功释放支架,无并发症发生。支架置入术后即刻造影显示:锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞段血流通畅,椎动脉血流正向。术后患侧肱动脉即刻恢复搏动,与健侧压差<10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)。72例患者获随访,平均随访24个月。2例死于恶性肿瘤,4例死于心肌梗死。其余随访患者椎-基底动脉缺血及上肢缺血症状均明显改善或消失。复查超声提示:支架无脱落及移位,血流通畅。结论:锁骨下动脉窃血综合征的腔内治疗微创、安全、成功率高,近期效果肯定,可作为首选治疗方法。     

锁骨下动脉闭塞69例治疗分析

目的 探讨腔内及手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭寨的方法和疗效.方法 2002年1月至2007年7月腔内及手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症69例.腔内治疗44例,其中单纯球囊扩张3例,同时行支架植入者41例,植入支架43枚;手术治疗25例.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术或腔内治疗,腔内治疗组患/健侧收缩压比由术前0.66±0.14提高至术后0.96±0.13(t=9.532,P＜0.01),手术组患/健侧血压比由术前0.63±0.16提高至术后0.95±0.18(t=8.236,P＜0.01),69例患者中随访61例,随访时间2～49个月,平均16.7个月,介入治疗组有1例术后1年出现支架结合部位狭窄,手术组随访人工血管均保持通畅,无人工血管相关并发症.结论 腔内治疗和手术治疗均是治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞的有效方法,腔内治疗因具有微创的特点,应作为治疗的首选方法.     

锁骨下动脉闭塞69例治疗分析

目的 探讨腔内修复及外科手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞的方法和疗效.方法 2002年1月至2007年7月.行腔内及手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症共69例患者,其中腔内治疗44例,包括单纯球囊扩张3例,同时行支架植入者41例,植入支架43枚;手术治疗25例.结果 均顺利完成手术或腔内治疗.腔内治疗组患/健侧血压比值由术前0.66±0.14提高至术后0.96±0.13(P<0.001);手术组患/健侧血压比值由术前0.63±0.16提高至术后0.95±0.18(P<0.001).61例患者随访时问2～49(平均16.7)个月,治疗组有1例术后1年出现支架结合部位狭窄,手术组随访人工血管均保持通畅,无人工血管相关并发症.结论 腔内治疗和手术治疗均是治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞的有效方法,腔内治疗因具有微创的特点,应作为治疗的首选方法.     

锁骨下动脉完全闭塞腔内治疗：附32例报告

目的：探讨锁骨下动脉完全闭塞腔内治疗的安全性及临床疗效。 方法：回顾2013年4月—2019年6月32例行腔内治疗的完全锁骨下动脉闭塞患者临床资料,分析患者的手术成功率、并发症及随访情况。 结果：分别采用经股动脉入路（17例）、肱动脉入路（1例）、股–肱联合入路（14例）对32例患者行腔内手术,最终成功植入支架26例（81.25%）,包括球扩式支架15例,自膨式支架11例,术后患者症状明显缓解;6例患者闭塞处开通失败,行搭桥术或保守治疗。术中出现锁骨下动脉夹层2例,迷走反射1例,股动脉假性动脉瘤1例,未出现脑血管并发症。26例支架植入患者中,24例获随访（34.6±4.2）个月,术后1、3、5年支架累积通畅率分别为92.31%、80.77%、73.08%。 结论：腔内治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞安全有效,中远期通畅率较高;累及椎动脉的锁骨下动脉闭塞尽量选择自膨式支架。     

动脉旁路移植术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症30例分析

目的观察动脉旁路移植术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症的临床效果。方法回顾性分析动脉旁路移植术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞30例的临床资料。全部患者均行动脉造影明确诊断;术后应用多普勒超声检查转流血管通畅情况。结果30例患者术后患侧与健侧血压差<10mmHg,患/健侧血压指数由术前平均0 66±0 11提高至0 99±0 09 (P<0 01 )。术后随访22例( 73 3% ),随访18个月至9年,平均51 4月。转流血管通畅率为83 3% (25 /30)。结论对于无法做腔内介入治疗的锁骨下动脉闭塞症,动脉转流目前仍是主要的治疗方法。     

颈总动脉－锁骨下动脉旁路移植术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞

目的 探讨颈总-锁骨下动脉旁路移植术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症的临床疗效.方法 采用颈总动脉-锁骨下动脉搭桥术治疗17例锁骨下动脉闭塞症患者.术前行动脉造影进行诊断,术后行超声多普勒检查确定移植血管通畅.结果 17例患者术后症状明显改善,患侧与健侧上肢血压差＜10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),患/健侧血压指数由术前0.64±0.12提高至0.98±0.10(P＜0.01).术后经平均7.1年随访,1年和5年移植血管通畅率分别为100%和94.1%, 无中风及围手术期死亡发生.结论 颈总-锁骨下动脉旁路移植术是一种安全、有效的术式,其远期通畅率高,尤适用于有良好的手术耐受性并要求高通畅率的患者.     

血管腔内支架成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症45例

目的探讨血管腔内支架成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的疗效。方法采用经皮穿刺股动脉或切开动脉直视下穿刺,造影明确病变动脉部位及病变长度后,利用导丝或超声消融导管开通闭塞段,球囊导管行扩张成形后置入血管内支架。结果45例(53条患肢)血管腔内支架均释放成功,踝肱指数由0.36±0.14增至术后7 d 0.77±0.21(t=2.397,P=0.021),45例随访6~54个月,平均23个月,一期肢体通畅率90.6%(48/53)。结论血管腔内支架成形术操作简便、微创、安全是治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法。     

经腘动脉入路逆行内膜下血管成形术治疗股浅动脉长段硬化性闭塞症的临床研究

目的:探讨经腘动脉入路逆行内膜下血管成形术/支架置入术处理常规入路腔内顺行开通失败的股浅动脉长段硬化性闭塞症的疗效及可行性。方法:50例股浅动脉长段硬化性闭塞症患者行股动脉病侧顺行或健侧逆行推进导丝、导管时无法通过病变动脉到达闭塞段远端的真腔,遂行经腘动脉逆行入路完成内膜下血管成形术。结果:手术即刻支架置入成功率100%,12个月一期通畅率48.0%,二期通畅率92.0%。与术前比较,患者术后踝肱指数(ABI)明显升高,Rutherford分级明显改善(均P0.05)。5例患者术后出现肢体肿胀,3例患者于术后3个月出现腘动脉假性动脉瘤,经治疗均好转。术后1年,再狭窄患者16例(32.0%)。结论:常规入路腔内顺行开通失败的股浅动脉长段硬化性闭塞症患者转行经腘动脉入路逆行内膜下血管成形术/支架置入术有效、可行。     

股动脉肱动脉联合入路在锁骨下动脉闭塞性病变腔内治疗中的应用

目的:探讨股动脉肱动脉联合入路在锁骨下动脉闭塞性病变腔内治疗中应用的适应证、优势及并发症。方法:回顾首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科2011年1月—2014年6月采用联合入路进行腔内治疗的57例锁骨下动脉闭塞性病变患者,分析患者病变特点、手术成功率、联合入路的优势、并发症及随访情况。结果:患者病变可分为3种类型,包括顺行无法开通的锁骨下动脉闭塞(31例);右锁骨下动脉起始部狭窄或闭塞(16例);紧邻椎动脉开口的远段锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞(10例)。全组腔内治疗成功率为91.2%,出现穿刺并发症3例。术后6、12、24、36个月,支架通畅率分别为100%、100%、90%、77.7%。结论:对于常规入路难以开通的锁骨下动脉闭塞,联合入路能够有效提高开通率,且有利于支架的精准定位减少并发症发生等优势。     

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目的总结逆行锁骨下动脉支架植入治疗重度锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞的初步临床经验方法1999年9月至2003年7月采取经肱动脉逆行植入支架治疗锁骨下动脉重度狭窄和闭塞共19例术前诊断包括彩色多普勒超声检查和动脉造影确诊手术方法是经患侧上肢肘部小切口解剖肱动脉，逆行造影和支架植入。结果本组支架植入成功18例，支架植入满意，无移位。失败1例．因病变闭塞完全，导丝无法通过闭塞部位而转行手术治疗。治疗成功的18例中随访16例，随访时间2～48个月，平均24个月失访2例。随访率88.9％一有2例分别于术后11个月和14个月出现再狭窄，1例再次行球囊扩张成功，1例转行手术治疗结论逆行锁骨下动脉支架植入是治疗锁骨下动脉重度狭窄和闭塞安全有效的方法     

Radiotherapy-induced supra-aortic trunk disease: early and long-term results of surgical and endovascular reconstruction

PURPOSE: Few articles have dealt specifically with management of radiotherapy-induced supra-aortic trunk disease. We investigated the results of surgical and endovascular treatment of these lesions, and present our findings in a large series of patients. METHODS: The study was conducted at 11 centers. Over 10 years 64 patients with radiotherapy-induced supra-aortic trunk disease underwent surgical or endovascular treatment. Data were collected retrospectively in a consecutive cohort of patients, and were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 64.4 years. The indications for radiotherapy included breast cancer (30%), head and neck malignancies (50%), and lymphomas (19%). The mean interval between irradiation and arterial revascularization was 15.2 years. Thirteen of the 64 patients (20%) had asymptomatic disease, and 51 patients (80%) had symptomatic disease. Ninety-two stenotic or occlusive lesions were observed, which involved the common carotid artery (n = 62), the subclavian artery (n = 26), or the innominate artery (n = 4). Twenty-three patients (36%) had multiple supra-aortic trunk lesions, but only 8 patients underwent reconstruction of multiple supra-aortic trunks. Five patients (8%) underwent sternotomy for revascularization from the ascending aorta. Forty-seven patients required revascularization of a common carotid artery; procedures included bypass grafting (n = 30), angioplasty with stent placement (n = 13), carotid-carotid transposition (n = 2), and endarterectomy (n = 2). Fifteen patients underwent restoration of a subclavian artery. One patient died on postoperative day 5, of stroke after early occlusion of an intercarotid crossover bypass graft. Mean follow-up was 37 months (range, 2-120 months). Ten late deaths occurred during follow-up. The probability of survival at 4 years was 78.1% +/- 8.6%. During follow-up, 6 patients had stroke, 4 bypass occlusions occurred and 3 stenoses occurred in the revascularized arteries. At 4 years the probability of freedom from stroke was 85% +/- 8.8%. At 4 years the primary patency rate was 79.3% +/- 8.5% and the secondary patency rate was 87.9% +/- 7.2%. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the context, the results of arterial revascularization to treat radiation-induced arterial lesions of the supra-aortic trunk are satisfactory.     

27例多发性大动脉炎血管介入治疗

目的探讨血管介入治疗多发性大动脉炎(Takayasu arteritis,TA)所致血管狭窄或闭塞性病变的临床疗效。方法 2003年6月～2011年6月对27例TA经股动脉穿刺选择性血管造影,确定病变部位,明确诊断,并对因大动脉炎引起的锁骨下动脉、颈动脉、肾动脉、腹主动脉病变进行了选择性球囊扩张或支架植入手术。结果 27例施行血管腔内扩张成形术或支架植入术,其中颈总动脉扩张10例,支架2例;锁骨下动脉扩张6例;腹主动脉扩张4例;肾动脉扩张10例,支架4例;无名动脉扩张1例,支架1例;共置入支架7枚。2例颈动脉扩张时因并发症而终止治疗,其余病例病变血管均获得满意的治疗。27例随访5个月～7年,平均4年,其中<12个月6例,1～3年12例,3～5年6例,>5年3例:11例头晕、视觉异常等脑缺血症状改善;12例肾动脉狭窄所致高血压经球囊扩张及支架植入后血压控制正常;2例肾动脉狭窄在球囊扩张后14、18个月再次发生血压增高,造影显示扩张后肾动脉再次狭窄,再次行肾动脉球囊扩张成形术,扩张后高血压恢复正常。结论介入性血管内成形术治疗TA所致血管狭窄或闭塞性病变疗效满意。     

Axillo-axillary bypass with polytetrafluoroethylene graft for coronary subclavian steal syndrome

The purpose of this study is to report the results of axillo-axillary bypass (AAB) for coronary subclavian steal syndrome due to proximal subclavian artery occlusion. From 2003 to 2010, AAB using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft was performed in 11 patients with coronary subclavian steal syndrome. There was no perioperative mortality, stroke or cardiac complications. Over a mean follow-up of 36 months (range: 6-81 months), all bypass grafts have remained patent. No patient developed recurrent symptoms of myocardial ischemia. One patient died from hemorrhagic stroke at 31 months. Our results showed that AAB using a PTFE graft provides an effective and durable treatment option for coronary subclavian steal syndrome when attempted endovascular therapy of the occluded proximal subclavian artery is unsuccessful.     

Instantaneous diastolic pressure-flow relationship in arterial coronary bypass grafts

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the diastolic pressure-flow relationship and to assess critical occlusion pressure in arterial coronary bypass grafts in human beings. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifteen patients were studied following elective surgical coronary artery bypass grafting. Flow in the left internal mammary artery bypass to the left anterior descending artery was measured and simultaneously, aortic pressure, coronary sinus pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were recorded. The zero-flow pressure intercept as a measure of critical occlusion pressure was extrapolated from the linear regression analysis of the instantaneous diastolic pressure-flow relationship. Mean diastolic flow was 46 +/- 17 mL min(-1), mean diastolic aortic pressure was 60.5 +/- 10.0 mmHg. Diastolic blood flow was linearly related to the respective aortic pressure in all patients (R-values 0.7-0.99). The regression lines had a mean slope of 2.1 +/- 1.2 mL min(-1) mmHg(-1). Mean critical occlusion pressure was 32.3 +/- 9.9 mmHg and exceeded mean coronary sinus pressure and mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by factors of 3.1 and 2.6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate the presence of a vascular waterfall phenomenon in the coronary circulation after internal mammary artery bypass grafting. Critical occlusion pressure in arterial grafts considerably exceeds coronary sinus pressure as well as left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and should thus be used as the effective downstream pressure when calculating coronary perfusion pressure. Our data further suggest that the slope of diastolic pressure-flow relationships provides a more rational approach to assess regional coronary vascular resistance than conventional calculations of coronary vascular resistance.     

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in carotid stenosis before and after carotid stenting

BACKGROUND: Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation (DCA) has been shown in patients with severe (> or =70%) internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, but DCA in moderate (50% to 69%) ICA stenosis, especially its response to carotid revascularization, has rarely been reported. Our study aimed to characterize DCA in severe and moderate ICA stenosis before and after carotid stenting. METHODS: This study included 21 patients with ICA stenosis > or =50% who received carotid stenting. Data of arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery, measured by transcranial Doppler, were collected for 10 minutes < or =24 hours before and after stenting. The DCA index, represented as aMx, was assessed by calculating the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of spontaneous arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity fluctuations. The relationship between aMx and stenotic severity and also alternations of aMx before and after stenting were assessed. RESULTS: Carotid stenting was effective to improve the DCA in the stenting side but not in the contralateral nonstenting side. In considering individual ICAs, the average aMx (mean +/- SD) increased significantly from ICA stenosis <50% (0.117 +/- 0.091) to 50% to 69% (0.349 +/- 0.144), 70% to 99% (0.456 +/- 0.147), and total occlusion (0.557 +/- 0.210; P < .05, P < .01, and P < .01, compared with 50% to 69%, 70% to 99%, or total occlusion with <50% stenosis). The correlation between the degree of ICA stenosis and the aMx was also significant (r = 0.693, P < .005). The aMx improved significantly in the stented side after carotid stenting in both moderate and severe ICA stenosis, and this finding was not affected by age, sex, risk factors, or clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to patients with severe carotid stenosis, patients with moderate carotid stenosis may also have impaired DCA that can be restored after carotid stenting.     

Ancillary techniques to facilitate endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms.

PURPOSE: The ability to treat abdominal aortoiliac aneurysms and thoracic aortic aneurysms may be limited by coexisting arterial disease. Device deployment may be impaired by occlusive disease and tortuosity of the arteries used to access the aneurysm or by suitability of the implantation sites. In this study we describe the auxiliary procedures performed to circumvent these obstacles and thereby enable endovascular aneurysm repair. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1999, 390 patients treated for aneurysm of the aorta with endovascular devices were entered prospectively in a vascular registry. Fifty (12%) of the 390 patients required adjunctive surgical techniques to (1) create or extend the length of the proximal or distal device implantation site or (2) permit device navigation through diseased iliac arteries. Auxiliary techniques used to extend or enhance implantation sites were elephant trunk graft (n = 2), the construction of renovisceral bypass grafts (n = 1), and subclavian artery transposition (n = 2). Plication of the common iliac artery at its bifurcation was performed in conjunction with femorofemoral bypass graft in nine patients to allow preservation of pelvic circulation by avoiding internal iliac artery sacrifice. Construction of a bypass graft to transpose the internal iliac artery orifice was performed in one patient. The auxiliary techniques used to facilitate device navigation were iliac artery angioplasty or stenting (n = 8), external iliac artery endovascular endarterectomy or straightening (n = 14), endoluminal iliofemoral bypass conduit (n = 5), and the construction of an open iliofemoral bypass conduit (n = 8). RESULTS: Successful deployment of the endovascular devices was achieved in 49 (98%) of 50 patients. Auxiliary techniques were successful in providing access for endovascular device deployment in all 35 patients (100%). Mean follow-up for techniques to facilitate device navigation is 26 months for endovascular procedures and 42 months for the open bypass graft construction patients; no occlusions were observed at this moment. There were five patients with incisional hematomas that did not necessitate intervention. Fourteen (94%) of 15 patients underwent successful device implantation after the auxiliary maneuvers to enhance implantation site. Mean follow-up for implantation site manipulation is 28 months. One of the subclavian transpositions had a new onset of Horner's syndrome, two of nine patients who had common iliac artery ligated had retroperitoneal hematomas that did not necessitate interventions, and no colon ischemia was seen. The patient who underwent nonanatomic bypass grafting of viscero-renal arteries had a retroperitoneal hematoma that necessitated reexploration. CONCLUSIONS: Significant coexisting arterial disease may be encountered in patients with aortic or iliac aneurysms. Identification of coexisting arterial diseases is essential to help tailor the appropriate supplemental surgical procedure to allow the performance of endovascular aneurysm repair in patients who would otherwise require open surgical repair.