单臂外固定架下骨内移位技术治疗胫骨感染性骨不连

目的评价单臂外固定延长支架下采用骨内移位技术治疗胫骨感染性骨不连的临床结果及功能情况。方法回顾性分析了2003年6月至2005年10月28例胫骨感染性骨不连患者的临床资料。其中23例开放性胫骨骨折,ⅢA型5例,ⅢB型11例,ⅢC型7例;内固定后感染5例。根据改良的ASAMI评定标准进行骨具体内容和功能结果评定。结果所有患者均获得随访,平均随访时间16个月。所有骨折获得初期愈合,感染均得到控制,骨折愈合时12例仍有局部窦道和渗液,治疗后软组织愈合。骨评定结果优14例,良9例,中等2例,差3例;功能评定结果优10例,良13例,中等2例,差3例。牵引成骨的平均形成长度为6．6cm,平均愈合所需时间为9个月。最常见的并发症为针道感染,2例在外固定支架拆除后对接点再骨折。结论对于胫骨感染性骨不连,使用单臂延长外固定支架通过骨内移位技术治疗是一种良好的方案。     

Tibial plateau fractures: internal fixation with locking plates and the MIPO technique

Proximal tibial fractures are difficult lesions to treat because of the involvement of the articular surface, the often occurring comminution, and the precarious condition of the soft tissues, especially following high-energy trauma. Aim of the treatment is to restore the congruence of the articular surface supporting the tibial plateau cartilage which is usually depressed; to fix the fracture with a stable device; to allow early rehabilitation.We present our treatment strategy, utilising closed or open reduction and internal fixation, angle-stable polyaxial plates, immediate osteointegration, when necessary, with autologous bone graft or other osteoconductive material augmented with autologous platelet gel. Surgery is soft-tissue dependent in terms of timing, and it is usually performed directly or under supervision of an experienced surgeon utilising, whenever possible, a tissue sparing technique.A cohort of 58 proximal tibial fractures, surgically treated, from January 2004 to June 2007, was retrospectively reviewed. Fractures were classified according the OTA/AO classification. The assessment of the functional outcome with the use of the Rasmussen score identified good to excellent results in 78% of the cohort 12 months post-surgery.Internal fixation with locking plates, following the principles of MIPO (Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Osteosynthesis), provides satisfactory fracture reduction with good results regarding the mid-term clinical outcome.     

Biomechanics of external fixation and limb lengthening

Surgeons who use external fixators for foot and ankle conditions need to understand the biomechanical principles to ensure good outcomes. Fixators can be used for fracture fixation, correction of contractures, distraction osteogenesis, and distraction arthroplasty. A two-ring fixator with wire fixation remains the gold standard with which all other frames are compared. Small changes in mechanical characteristics can have major implications on new bone or cartilage formation.     

Ilizarov外固定技术治疗多发性骨软骨瘤致前臂畸形

[目的]介绍Ilizarov外固定治疗多发性骨软骨瘤致前臂畸形的手术技术。[方法] 2014年7月～2017年7月收治6例多发性骨软骨瘤前臂畸形患者,男2例,女4例,年龄6～20岁,平均(12.72±5.23)岁;应用Ilizarov外固定器行尺骨牵伸延长、桡骨截骨矫形等处理,1例患者同期行尺骨远端骨软骨瘤切除术,1例患者同期行桡骨近端骨软骨瘤切除术。[结果]患者前臂畸形矫正满意;尺骨近端延长25～35 mm,平均(30.00±5.00) mm,均达到骨性愈合,未见延迟愈合;桡骨截骨矫形良好、截骨端骨性愈合;腕关节尺偏畸形得到大部分纠正,下尺桡关节复位,前臂旋转功能明显恢复,腕关节及肘关节活动功能明显改善。术后1例患者出现轻度屈腕畸形,予以配置辅具与前臂外固定器相结合很快纠正并有效预防复发。[结论] Ilizarov外固定技术治疗多发性骨软骨瘤致前臂畸形的临床效果满意,具有创伤小、并发症少、操作简便灵活等优点。     

钢丝固定治疗胫骨髁间隆突骨折

2000年8月～2005年12月,我科采用钢丝固定治疗胫骨髁间隆突骨折患者30例,疗效满意。     

Tibial lengthening by epiphyseal distraction

Tibial lengthening by slow distraction of the distal epiphysis using the dynamic axial fixator was performed in 3 patients near to skeletal maturity, in 2 patients with congenital origin and in one with achondroplasia. The obtained lengths were 4.4 cm (17% of the tibial length), 3.7 cm (12%) and 3.6 cm (19%). There were no serious complications. Bone formation at the site of distraction was thought to be periosteal in origin when assessed using X-rays and computerized tomography. There was no radiological evidence that bone at the distracted sites was formed by an apposition from the metaphyseal side which is expected in cases of stimulation of endochondral ossification in the growth plate. There was no further measurable growth at the distracted growth plates after lengthening. This method is useful for limb lengthening near the time of epiphyseal closure.     

Tibial Pilon fractures Internal plate fixation versus external wire fixation

A M ED LIN E search w as conducted to identify studiepublished betw een January 1998and January 2004usininternal plate fixation or external wire fixation for treatm ent of tibial Pilon fractures.The search strategy identified 20articles thatreportedoutcom…     

胫骨Pilon骨折--钢板内固定与钢针外固定架的比较

对于胫骨Pilon骨折,内固定还是外固定架更有优势?本文综述的研究没有提供结论性的证据:二者的临床和功能结果相似,并发症发生率的差异不明确。有些证据表明外固定架比内固定的愈合时间长,畸形愈合和骨不连发生率更高,但由于外固定架多用于严重损伤的患者(高度闭合性骨折和开放性骨折),所以难以对这两组进行直接的比较。     

Pin-tract infection during limb lengthening using external fixation

We evaluated the incidence of pin-tract infection (PTI) during limb lengthening using external fixation in 88 patients and the effects of infection on final outcomes and incidence of additional procedures. The PTI rate was 96.6%. The rate of half-pin site infection was significantly (P<.05) higher in half-pin fixators (100%) than in hybrid fixators (78%). There was a significantly (P<.05) higher incidence of half-pin site infection (78%) than fine-wire site infection (33%). The rate of additional surgeries for treating PTI was higher for half-pin sites than for fine-wire sites. Three (3.4%) of the 88 cases led to chronic osteomyelitis. Careful insertion and a simple, well-defined, excellent pin-care protocol can minimize PTI.     

Femoral lengthening in young patients: An evidence-based comparison between motorized lengthening nails and external fixation

BACKGROUNDFemoral lengthening is a procedure of great importance in the treatment of congenital and acquired limb deficiencies. Technological advances have led to the latest designs of fully implantable motorized intramedullary lengthening nails. The use of these nails has increased over the last few years.AIMTo review and critically appraise the literature comparing the outcome of femoral lengthening in children using intramedullary motorized lengthening nails to external fixation.METHODSElectronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane) were systematically searched in November 2019 for studies comparing the outcome of femoral lengthening in children using magnetic lengthening nails and external fixation. The outcomes included amount of gained length, healing index, complications and patient reported outcomes.RESULTSOf the 452 identified studies, only two (retrospective and non-randomized) met the inclusion criteria. A total of 91 femora were included. In both studies, the age of patients treated with nails ranged from 15 to 21 years compared to 9 to 15 years for patients in the external fixation group. Both devices achieved the target length. Prevalence of adverse events was less in the nail (60%-73%) than in the external fixation (81%-100%) group. None of the studies presented patient reported outcomes.CONCLUSIONThe clinical effectiveness of motorized nails is equivalent or superior to external fixation for femoral lengthening in young patients. The available literature is limited and does not provide evidence on patient quality of life or cost effectiveness of the interventions.     

Tibial lengthening using a reamed type intramedullary nail and an Ilizarov external fixator

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tibial lengthening using a reamed type intramedullary nail and an Ilizarov external fixator for the treatment of leg length discrepancy or short stature. This retrospective study was performed on 18 tibiae (13 patients) in which attempts were made to reduce complications. We used an Ilizarov external fixator and a nail (10 mm diameter in 17 tibiae and 11 mm in one tibia) in combination. Average limb lengthening was 4.19 cm (range, 2.5-5.5). The mean duration of external fixation was 12.58 days per centimetre gain in length, and the mean consolidation index was 40.53 (range, 35.45-51.85). All distracted segments healed spontaneously without refracture or malalignment. Gradual limb lengthening using a reamed type intramedullary nail and circular external fixation in combination was found to be reliable and effective and reduced external fixation time with fewer complications.     

Severe angular deformity of the humerus: unilateral external fixation for correction and bone lengthening

We report the case of a 10-year-old child who presented a severely deformed upper limb due to post-traumatic partial proximal epiphysiodesis of the humerus. The goal of treatment was to correct the severe angular deformity, prevent recurrence, and lengthen the humerus 6 cm. We used the De Bastiani callotasis method with osteotomy of the humeral shaft and unilateral external fixation (Orthofix LRS). The bony deformations were corrected progressively. Angular correction induced a geometric lengthening sufficient to match the length of the healthy limb. Lengthening index was 22.7 days/cm. The functional and esthetic results were remarkable. Complementary epiphysiodesis of the proximal physis successfully prevented recurrent deformation.     

带锁髓内钉与骨延长器联合应用在小腿延长中的作用

目的探讨带锁髓内钉与骨延长器联合应用对缩短骨延长器的使用时间,提高肢体延长质量,避免短缩、弯曲、扭转畸形等并发症发生的作用。方法共对412个小腿骨行延长术,联合应用骨延长器与带锁髓内钉,在安放髓内钉时只插人近端锁钉,达到计划延长长度后再插人远端锁钉,拆除延长器,进行功能康复。结果共行412个小腿骨延长术;延长长度为3～18cm,平均7．6cm。延长器的使用时间平均20d／cm。新生骨矿化时间平均56d／cm。3个胫骨发生骨不连,1例踝关节发生内翻畸形,均经第2次手术治愈。结论此种方法可明显缩短骨延长器的使用时间,防止新骨的短缩、弯曲畸形和再骨折等并发症,显著提高肢体延长的质量,是肢体延长的一种新的选择。     

生物胶复合物加解剖钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨生物胶复合物加解剖钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法采用切开复位、生物胶复合物植骨加解剖型支撑钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折28例,受伤至手术时间5～10d,植入复合物量为3～8g。结果所有患者均获随访,随访6～24个月,全部骨折均获得临床愈合,未见关节面下陷,生物胶复合物中羟基磷灰石未见移动及吸收,治疗效果参照M echant评分标准,优13例,良11例,可3例,差1例,总优良率达85.3%。结论生物胶复合物加解剖钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果良好。生物胶复合物具有较强的成骨能力,可修复骨缺损。     

有限内固定结合石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

1996年8月—2000年12月，我院采用有限内固定结合石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折36例，经随访观察，效果满意，现总结报告如下。     

超关节外固定架结合有限内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的：探讨超关节外固定架结合有限内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果和应用价值。方法：1995年1月--2001年5月，对37例胫骨平台骨折行超关节外固定架牵引复位固定，同时作有限内固定。结果：全部病例获随访8月--46月，平均21月，骨折全部愈合，优22例，良13例，可2例，优良率94％(35／37)。结论：超关节外固定架结合有限内固定是治疗胫骨平台骨折较为理想的方法。     

尺骨截骨延长和外固定架治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折

孟氏骨折是小儿常见的一种联合损伤,早期闭合复位,预后良好。然而临床上常由于认识不足,造成漏诊、错诊或处理不当,使之成为陈旧性损伤,不仅治疗困难,而且疗效差,是骨科治疗的难点之一。我院自2003年8月至2007年10月共收治儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折16例,均采用前方Henry切口行桡骨头切开复位,以尺骨成角截骨延长和外固定架维持桡骨头复位后的稳定,疗效优良。现报告如下。