镀银铜输精管腔内节育栓(IVD)对兔生育及复孕效果影响的实验研究

目的 研制非阻断性可复性输精管腔内节育栓,动物实验观察其节衣效果及取栓后复孕率。方法 自行设计纯钢管状节育栓,外表面镀纯银。体外观察节育栓浸泡之杀精效果,置入免输精管后观察精液质量改变及节育效果。取栓后观察复孕率。结果 节育栓浸泡液铜离子浓度超过230μg/ml,有明显杀精效果。置管后生育率为2％,节育栓通畅,32周后部分节育栓被铜堵塞梗阻,取栓后复孕率为53．85％。结论 银管状铜节育栓在体外和活体内均能释放足够浓度的铜离子,有肯定节育效果。32周前节育栓通而不孕,取栓后有较好复孕率。远期节育栓腔内氧化层堆积造成管腔梗阻,尚有待妥善解决。     

硅胶管银夹输精管可复性节育术的初步探讨

本文介绍一种由空心硅胶管和银夹片组成的输精管可复性节育装置，经动物实验后临床应用20例，随访10年，节育效果良好，无不良反应。现报告如下。亚实验研究三．且材料和方法1．1．1实验动物：12－22kg生育期本地雄大9条，2－2．5kg雄兔6只。1．1．2硅胶管：不同规格的空心硅胶管，截成IOmm长圆筒状，消毒后备用。1．1．3银夹：用纯银压成薄片，制成长5．0－5．6mm、宽2．2mm、厚0．2mm规格，弯曲后呈“U”状，消毒后备用。1．1．4银夹钳：持针器钳嘴两侧磨出一条长6．OInln、宽3．Ornm、深O．4mrn的槽，用以钳闭银夹。豆．1．5输精管探…     

可复性输精管钛栓(钢塞)节育术

可复性输精管钛栓节育术方法简单、易行、安全,长期应用效果可靠、无害,当欲再生育时或女方闭经后,均可随时取出钛栓而恢复精子排出体外的通路,所以是一种良好的男用节育方法。自1974年以来,河北省已观察1,000余例,随访结果良好。我院在     

输精管可复性注射栓堵817例回顾分析与体会

<正> 男性节育避孕措施方法简单,创伤小,适应范围广,是计划生育技术的主要项目之一。探索简单方便,创伤轻微和并发症少的男性节育方法是生育调节、计划生育科学研究的热点。输精管可复性注射栓堵法(以下简称栓堵法)[1]具有创伤轻微、可复通、操作简单等优点,深受受术者的欢迎。本文回顾分析了817例栓堵法受术者的术后短期、长期随访观察情况及并发症处理。体会如下:     

输精管结扎术引起阴囊血肿35例临床分析

输精管结扎术是国内外广泛采用的节育措施，若适应证选择或手术操作不当，可导致阴囊血肿。本文回顾分析2000—2010年两单位收治的输精管结扎术引起阴囊血肿35例的病案资料，报道如下：     

输精管结扎术并发阴囊血肿16例原因剖析

输精管结扎术是国内外广泛采用的一种节育措施。术中稍有不慎或手术不熟练,即可造成阴囊的出血或血肿，血肿大部分发生在术后24小时以内。笔者通过20多年来临床所见16例输精管结扎并发阴囊血肿患者的发生原因进行了剖析,现报道如下，     

青少年近视患者血清中锌铜含量分析

目的了解青少年近视患者血清中微量元素（锌、铜）含量的变化,以探讨环境因素及饮食习惯对青少年近视的影响。方法应用原子吸收法测定100例青少年近视患者血清中锌（Zn^2＋）、铜（Cu^2＋）含量,同期与100名正常健康青少年作对照。结果青少年近视患者血清中Zn^2＋含量明显低于正常人（P〈0.05）,Cu^2＋含量明显高于正常人（P〈0.05）,并与屈光度数明显相关。结论血清中锌、铜水平的高低对青少年近视的发生、发展可能有一定的影响。     

输精管结扎残端异位粘连原因诊治体会

输精管结扎术是男性节育的重要手段之一。为了最大限度地减少并发症的发生率，有利于男性结扎术在最大范围内应用，5年来我站对输精管结扎术后并发症的预防进行回顾性调查，共发现术后异位粘连10例．现报告如下。     

串珠形不锈钢栓男性节育术的远期效果

河北职工医学院附属医院从1980年开始,用串珠形不锈钢栓作可复性男性节育术182例,经随访效果满意。其中173例分别于术后2个月、6个月、1～8年作精液检查,结果169例未见精子,4例有少量精子(其妻未孕)。由于本术式不切断输精管,不锈钢栓对周围组织刺激小,加之为可复性节育,群众理解其     

云南汉族、白族、纳西族儿童锌、铜、铁、钙、镁水平现状调查

目的了解云南省三个不同民族地区儿童血清必需微量元素锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）及宏量元素钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）水平现状，探讨其影响因素。方法调查昆明市区汉族儿童、大理地区剑川县白族儿童、丽江地区纳西族3～9岁儿童共1104人。测定儿童血清Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋及Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋，对所得结果进行年龄组间、地区间比较。结果建立了昆明市区、丽江县、剑川县汉族、白族、纳西族儿童元素Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋水平参考范围。昆明市区汉族学龄前儿童Zn^2＋、Ca^2＋低于学龄儿童，Cu^2＋高于学龄儿童，Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋水平无统计学差异；剑川县白族儿童Zn^2＋低于学龄儿童，Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋高于学龄儿童，Ca^2＋水平无统计学差异；丽江县纳西族儿童Zn^2＋、Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋低于学龄儿童，Cu^2＋高于学龄儿童，Ca^2＋水平无统计学差异。结果表明同一地区儿童年龄组间血清元素水平存在明显统计学差异（P〈0．01）。三个地区儿童血清Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋水平比较：各年龄组儿童Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋丽江高于剑川、昆明；学龄前儿童Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、Fe^2＋剑川高于昆明、丽江；学龄儿童Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋昆明低于丽江、剑川。Ca^2＋丽江高于剑川、昆明。各地区间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论云南省汉族、白族、纳西族儿童Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋，Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋水平存在年龄组间、地区间差异，应高度重视儿童血清必需元素水平现状。     

干姜醇提取物对肠道平滑肌运动的影响

目的 研究干姜醇提取物(EDGE)对肠道平滑肌运动的影响及其作用机制. 方法 通过小鼠小肠墨汁推进实验观察EDGE对正常、亢进及抑制状态下肠道运动的影响, 并采用兔体外肠管实验从胆碱能通路初步探讨其作用机制. 结果EDGE能显著促进正常和抑制状态的小鼠小肠运动,对亢进状态的小鼠小肠运动却有明显抑制作用. EDGE能显著促进正常体外肠管收缩,对阿托品预孵育的体外肠管也有明显促进收缩作用,对乙酰胆碱(Ach)引起的肠管收缩反应却有拮抗作用,并存在量效关系. EDGE(1 mg&#8226;mL^-1)使无钙离子蒂罗德液中Ach收缩肠管作用明显减弱,但不影响氯化钙引起的肠管收缩. 结论 EDGE对肠道平滑肌运动有双向调节作用,这种作用与胆碱能受体有关.     

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits the spontaneous contractions of rabbit isolated ileum.

The present study investigates the effects of atriopeptin II on spontaneous phasic contractions of rabbit isolated ileum. Atriopeptin II caused a significant and concentration-dependent decrease in ileum motor activity. This effect was mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP and it was not affected by pretreatment with tetrodotoxin. Verapamil significantly decreased ileum contractions; however, in the presence of this calcium blocker, atriopeptin II further reduced ileal motility. These findings demonstrate that atriopeptin II depresses the motility of rabbit ileum through a cGMP-dependent mechanism and suggest that neither ileal neural networks nor extracellular calcium are involved in this effect.     

3种麻醉剂对兔Oddi括约肌肌电运动的影响

目的:研究麻醉剂速眠新、氯胺酮、戊巴比妥钠对兔Oddi括约肌(SO)肌电运动的影响。方法:取家兔24只,采用改良的Thomas法间置空肠建立SO肌电运动检测通道,术后10d时将存活的16只随机分为3组,分别静脉注射速眠新(n=6)、氯胺酮(n=5)、戊巴比妥钠(n=5),在清醒状态及麻醉起效后5min各组耳缘静脉注射胆囊收缩素(CCK)20、100ng.kg-1(2次给药至少间隔3min),期间连续记录3种麻醉剂给药前、后及CCK给予后的SO肌电运动,以运动指数及其增幅、兴奋效应持续时间等指标表示,同时以未加麻醉剂时给予CCK前、后的肌电运动为对照。结果:与给予麻醉剂前比较,速眠新和氯胺酮组给药后SO肌电运动指数明显增加(P<0.05),而戊巴比妥钠组变化不明显;与对照组比较,CCK使速眠新和氯胺酮组SO肌电运动指数增幅降低,戊巴比妥钠组运动指数增幅增加、兴奋效应持续时间延长(P<0.05)。结论:3种麻醉剂对兔SO肌电运动均有影响,以速眠新和氯胺酮的影响较大,戊巴比妥钠影响相对较小。     

Selective blockade of the vasodepressor response to prostaglandin F2α in the anaesthetized rabbit

1. The prostaglandin-blocking activity of meclofenamic acid, N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid (CI-583), was analysed in the anaesthetized rabbit. PGF(2alpha), PGE(1) and isoprenaline were injected before and after meclofenamic acid infusion.2. Isoprenaline produced a fall in blood pressure, a reduction in oviduct motility and a reduction in uterine motility if the uterus showed marked spontaneous motility. PGF(2alpha) uniformly produced a fall in blood pressure and an increase in both uterine and oviduct contractility. PGE(1) produced a fall in blood pressure, a reduction in oviduct motility and no consistent effect on uterine motility.3. Meclofenamic acid selectively blocked the vasodepressor response to PGF(2alpha). The vasodepressor responses to PGE(1) and isoprenaline as well as the effects of all three agonists on uterine and oviduct contractility were not reduced by treatment with meclofenamic acid.4. Polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) administered to two rabbits in a cumulative dose of 94 mg/kg showed no significant blocking action on the vasodepressor or uterine and oviduct contractor responses to PGE(1) or PGF(2alpha) though this compound, like meclofenamic acid, has been reported to antagonize the actions of PGE(1) and PGF(2alpha) on isolated smooth muscle preparations.     

rhEGF凝胶促进兔Ⅲ度烧伤创面愈合的实验研究

目的:研究rhEGF凝胶对兔皮肤Ⅲ度烧伤创面愈合的影响。方法:铜棒烫伤法制备兔Ⅲ度烧伤创面,切痂后创面均匀涂抹rhEGF凝胶,观察创面愈合情况及创面痊愈所需时间。结果:与对照组相比,rhEGF凝胶组炎症持续时间短暂,创面痊愈所需时间更短(P<0.05)。结论:rhEGF凝胶促进兔Ⅲ度烧伤创面皮肤再生,缩短创面痊愈时间。     

Contraction and prostaglandin biosynthesis by myometrium from non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits in response to adenosine 5'-triphosphate

In both non-pregnant and pregnant rabbit myometrial strips, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) produced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, ATP (100 microM and 1 mM) produced an initial rapid twitch-like contraction followed by augmented spontaneous motility. These contractile responses of strips from pregnant rabbits to ATP were more marked than those of strips from non-pregnant rabbits. The pD2 values for the contractile response to ATP were 5.20 and 6.70 in strips from non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits, respectively. Treatment with indomethacin did not affect the initial rapid twitch-like contraction, but inhibited the augmented spontaneous motility. ATP also increased the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in a concentration-dependent manner in the following order: 6-keto-PGF1 alpha greater than PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than TXB2. The increase in the synthesis of cyclooxygenase products induced by ATP was more marked in strips from pregnant rabbits than in strips from non-pregnant rabbits. ATP and melittin stimulated arachidonic acid, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol formation in strips from both non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits. These results indicate that ATP stimulates PGs and TXB2 synthesis and phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis through an effect on P2-purinoceptors and consequently augments myometrial contractility in both non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits.     

烟酰胺在正常和气虚兔皮肤上促透作用的比较

目的:对比烟酰胺在正常和气虚家兔皮肤上的促透作用。方法:以烟酰胺为模型药在正常家兔与气虚家兔皮肤上进行透皮实验,测量不同时间接受液的药物浓度,计算其累积渗透量和渗透系数;制备病理切片,观察组织结构的变化。结果:与正常家兔离体皮肤的渗透系数比较,气虚家兔离体皮肤的渗透系数较低,二者比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。病理组织切片显示,正常兔皮上皮细胞排列较为疏松,细胞间隙较大,上皮组织薄,脂肪等吸水性物质较多,脂肪层厚;气虚兔皮相对正常兔皮其上皮组织细胞排列紧密,脂肪较少。结论:正常家兔皮肤对烟酰胺的渗透性比气虚家兔皮肤更强。     

GABAB receptor-mediated stimulation of the contractility of isolated rabbit oviduct

The effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and related compounds were examined on longitudinal and circular muscle preparations isolated from oviducts of virgin rabbits. GABA and baclofen stimulated the spontaneous motility in each type of preparation, which action could not be antagonized by bicuculline, phentolamine, atropine or tetrodotoxin. Muscimol was virtually ineffective. Our results indicate the presence of GABA_B receptors in the rabbit oviductal musculature which mediate the contractile response.     

General pharmacology of cefoperazone, a new cephalosporin antibiotic (author's transl)

General pharmacological properties of cefoperazone (CPZ) were studied in various experimental animals. CPZ showed the following effects with intravenous injection to experimental animals. On the central nervous system, CPZ caused vomiting in dogs at 500 mg/kg, pyrexia and slow waves in electroencephalogram in rabbits at 1,000 mg/kg. On the motor and sensory nervous systems, CPZ enhanced slightly the twitch tension of musculus gastrocnemius induced by electrical stimulation in rats at 500 mg/kg. On the respiratory, cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems, CPZ increased transiently the respiratory rate and potentiated the depressor response to Ach at 125 mg/kg, increased femoral blood flow, potentiated the pressor response to Adr in dogs and decreased the contraction of nictitating membrane induced by electrical stimulation in cats at 500 mg/kg, and then raised the systolic blood pressure in rabbits at 1,000 mg/kg. On the blood, CPZ decreased ChE activity in rabbit plasma at 250 mg/kg, prolonged bleeding time in mice at 500 mg/kg and prothrombin time in rabbits at 1,000 mg/kg. On the smooth muscle organs, CPZ enhanced slightly gastric motility in rabbits and ileal motility in guinea pigs at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg respectively, and promoted gastrointestinal propulsion of BaSO4 meal in mice at 1,000 mg/kg. On the urinary organ, CPZ increased urine volume and electrolytes excretion in dogs at 500 mg/kg. Subcutaneous injection of CPZ scarcely showed any significant effect in experimental animals under the dose of 2,000 mg/kg. In the in vitro experiments, CPZ enhanced slightly the motility of isolated rabbit gastrointestinal tract at 10(-3) g/ml. Assuming the single clinical dose of CPZ should be 10 approximately 40 mg/kg, it is concluded that the occurrence of pharmacological effects observed in experimental animals seems to be very rare clinically.     

大剂量尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对家兔血浆纤维蛋白原的影响

目的 探讨大剂量尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对家兔血浆纤维蛋白原的影响,为临床应用提供参考。方法 家兔耳缘静脉注射不同剂量的尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶,并于给药后不同时间检测其血浆纤维蛋白原含量。结果 0.2~1.0 U·kg^-1剂量的尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶可导致家兔血浆纤维蛋白原明显下降(P<0.05),下降速度及下降幅度与剂量成正相关。剂量≥0.4 U·kg^-1时家兔血浆纤维蛋白原开始出现耗竭,剂量≥0.8 U·kg^-1时所有家兔血浆纤维蛋白原均出现耗竭。结论 大剂量尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶具有明显降低家兔血浆纤维蛋白原的作用。