结直肠癌同时性肝转移治疗46例分析

目的:探讨结直肠癌同时性肝转移的有效治疗方法。方法:对1996～2004年收治的46例结直肠癌同时性肝转移的临床资料和随访资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同分为3组:A组21例,为一期切除原发灶和肝转移灶并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗者;B组15例,为单纯原发灶切除并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗者;C组10例,为原发灶和肝转移灶均未能切除而仅行肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗者。用KaplanMeier法对病人的生存时间作统计分析。结果:A、B、C3组术后中位生存期分别为38、20和13个月;各组之间术后生存时间的比较均有显著统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:结直肠癌原发灶和肝转移灶一期手术切除并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗的疗效最好;肝转移灶无法切除者能将原发灶切除并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗也可取得较好的疗效;原发灶和肝转移灶未能切除而仅经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗的疗效相对较差。对结直肠癌同时性肝转移应采取以手术切除为主的综合措施进行积极治疗。     

结直肠癌肝转移一期联合手术化疗的临床研究

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移一期联合手术辅助化疗的有效途径及临床价值.方法回顾性分析一期联合手术切除原发癌及转移癌,经肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,肿瘤局部注射无水酒精及热电疗法综合性治疗结直肠癌肝转移36例的临床资料.结果本组36例结直肠癌患者原发癌均获切除,其中一期切除肝转移癌17例,6例复发,4例再次手术切除.19例不能切除的转移性肝癌,行肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,无水酒精注射和热电疗法.肿瘤直径平均缩小57%,其中4例因肿瘤缩小行二期手术切除.1、2、3年生存率分别为切除组94%,82%,65%;明显高于置泵组的74%,53%,32%(P<0.01).结论结直肠癌肝转移一期联合手术切除加肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,是一种首选而有效的治疗方法.不能切除肝转移癌者,只要切除原发肿瘤,肝动脉门静脉置泵栓塞灌注化疗,可明显延长病人生存期,改善预后.     

大肠癌术后肝转移的外科治疗

目的: 探讨大肠癌术后肝转移的手术治疗效果. 方法: 对20例大肠癌术后肝转移病人施行手术切除及/或肝动脉/门静脉插管化疗(DDS),结合文献对手术适应证、手术方式以及随访结果进行分析. 结果: 全组无手术死亡.所有患者跟踪随访2年,1年、2年存活率分别为85.0%和45.0%. 结论: 手术切除是治疗大肠癌术后肝转移的最有效治疗方法.     

肝癌切除联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗的临床观察

目的 探讨肝癌切除联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗治疗肝癌的临床疗效及其应用价值. 方法 1998年3月至2002年3月采用肝癌切除63例,随机分为2组,Ⅰ组24例仅行肝癌切除,Ⅱ组39例肝癌切除时联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗,58例获随访. 结果 5例手术后3个月内死于肝肾功能衰竭,53例术后恢复良好.术后1,2,3年复发率和生存率据统计学检验,Ⅱ组的手术后复发率明显低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的手术后生存率明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01). 结论 肝癌切除联合门静脉、肝动脉置泵化疗,可以降低术后复发率,提高生存率.     

肝癌胆管内转移致阻塞性黄疸的外科治疗

目的: 探讨外科手术治疗原发性肝癌胆管内转移致阻塞性黄疸的疗效.方法: 自1944年1月至1997年10月间对21例原发性肝癌胆管内转移致阻塞性黄疸的患者进行了外科手术治疗.其中行总胆管切开取癌栓者19例,行肝动脉插管化疗者4例,行肝动脉结扎者10例,行肝叶切除者2例.结果: 患者平均生存时间为8.5个月,最长存活时间为18个月.结论: 外科治疗明显改善了患者生活质量,提高了生存时间.     

外科治疗胃癌肝转移疗效分析

目的探讨外科治疗胃癌肝转移的方法与疗效。方法1996年1月至2003年12月间行外科治疗的胃癌肝转移患者25例，17例为同时性肝转移，8例为术后发现的异时性肝转移。其中单转移灶15例，多转移灶10例。行不规则肝切除16例，左外叶切除4例，左叶切除3例，右叶切除2例，术后行肝动脉灌注化疗9例，肝动脉化疗栓塞16例。结果1例同时性肝切除患者术后死于肺部感染、成人呼吸窘迫综合征，余24例均获随访，中位时间25(7—60)个月。胃癌肝转移灶切除后1、3年生存率为68．5％和29．8％，原发癌浸润表浅、淋巴结转移少、单转移灶、异时性转移及转移灶有包膜是影响生存率的有利因素。结论同时及异时性胃癌肝转移可经外科手术切除肝转移灶，但应注意手术指征的把握。     

肝癌根治术中门静脉插管皮下置泵栓塞化疗的疗效

目的:探讨原发性肝癌根治术中门静脉插管皮下置泵,术后定期泵内灌注化疗的疗效.方法:术后每3个月经皮下泵灌注超液化碘油5ml,并行CT扫描检查.结果:3个月内复发11例,复发率达17.5%;半年复发18例,复发率达28.6%; 1年复发25例,复发率达39.7%; 2年复发33例,复发率达52.4%.33例复发病例中28例为肝内亚临床复发,手术再切除13例,再切除率为39.4%.结论:肝癌根治术中门静脉摘管皮下置泵栓塞化疗能有效预防肝癌早期复发,显著降低复发率,并可早期发现术后肝内亚临床复发,提高复发肿瘤再切除率.     

结直肠癌肝转移的综合治疗

目的 总结和分析结直肠癌肝转移的早期诊断与治疗效果。方法 对19例结直肠癌肝转移患者通过检测血液癌胚抗原(CEA)、B超、CT扫描等检查．提出早期诊断及治疗方案。对肝转移灶根治切除的7例患者术后常规行肝动脉或门静脉插管皮下埋泵区域化疗术(DDS)．与12例仅行肝转移灶根治切除的患者进行1、3年生存率的比较。结果 早期诊断结直肠癌肝转移并到根治切除且术后行DDS的患者与单纯肝转移灶根治切除组1、3年生存率分别为86％、60％和66％、40％,统计学分析具有显著差异。结论 结直肠癌肝转移根治切除辅助术后行DDS治疗效果最好。     

皮下植泵灌注药物预防原发性肝癌术后复发

目的: 对比分析皮下植泵灌注化疗药物降低原发性肝癌术后肝内复发率,提高生存率的效果.方法: 95例原发性肝癌切除术后,同时皮下植泵,泵导管植入肝动脉、门静脉,术后定期通过药泵灌注化疗药物至肝脏(A组);行单纯肝癌切除术72例(B组);肝癌切除术加静脉化疗65例(C组).随访3年,比较3组的术后复发率和生存率.结果: 原发性肝癌术后皮下植泵组与对照组比较,术后3年的肝内复发率显著降低(P<0.01),生存率显著提高(P<0.01).结论: 皮下植泵定期灌注化疗是防止原发性肝癌术后肝内复发,提高生存率的有效方法.     

肝动脉结扎加插管化疗治疗大肠癌肝转移:附17例

为探讨大肠癌肝转移经肝动脉结扎加插管化疗的治疗效果.笔者对17例大肠癌肝转移不能手术切除的患者行肝动脉结扎加用5-氟尿嘧(5-FU)或去氧氟尿苷(FUDR)加四氢叶酸钙(CF),羟基喜树碱或顺铂和地塞米松通过肝动脉插管泵连续灌注化疗.17例行3～10个疗程化疗.平均生存15个月.1年内生存者5例,生存1～2年8例,生存2～3年4例,无超过3年者.仍在随访者4例,已生存3～18个月.提示肝动脉结扎加插管化疗是治疗大肠癌肝转移的有效办法.     

埋植式药泵在肝癌治疗中的应用

目的　探讨对不能切除的肝癌患者术中应用埋植式药泵治疗的临床意义。方法　对2 8例肝癌患者 ,术中作肝动脉和门静脉插管并皮下埋植药泵 ,术中、术后经药泵进行肝脏局部灌注化疗取得了较好的疗效。结果　本组治疗后有效率为 6 4.2 % ,其中生存时间小于 6个月 15例 ,6～12个月 10例 ,12个月以上 3例其中 1例存活 2 2个月以上。结论　肝动脉局部灌注化疗对不能手术切除的晚期肝癌 ,作为治疗手段不失为一种有效的方法。     

Extended Left Hepatectomy by Severing All Major Hepatic Veins with Reconstruction of the Right Hepatic Vein

Curative liver resection is technically challenging when multiple liver metastases from colon cancer involve the confluence of the three major hepatic veins. We report two cases of successful extended left hemihepatectomy achieved by severing all of the major hepatic veins together with the wall of the inferior vena cava, to resect liver metastases from colon cancer. Reconstruction of the right hepatic vein was done after unroofing the right anterior area of the liver with a direct anastomosis of the right hepatic vein. We did not need to perform total vascular exclusion or portovenous shunting during the liver transection. This simple and safe method can increase the surgical indications for previously unresectable tumors.     

Extended liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma should be designed for individual patients, based on both precise diagnosis of cancer extent and accurate evaluation of hepatic functional reserve. Therefore we have developed various types of hepatic segmentectomy. Combined caudate lobectomy is essential in every patient with separated hepatic confluence. So-called extensive hepatectomy, resection of 50% or more of the hepatic mass, includes right lobectomy and right or left trisegmentectomy. Right lobectomy with caudate lobectomy is indicated when the progression of cancer is predominant in the right anterior and posterior segmental bile ducts. The plane of liver transection is along the Cantlie line, and the left hepatic duct is divided just at the right side of the umbilical portion of the left portal vein. Right trisegmentectomy with caudate lobectomy is performed in carcinoma which involves the right hepatic ducts in continuity with the left medial segmental bile duct. The umbilical portion of the left portal vein is freed from the umbilical plate by dividing the small portal branches arising from the cranial side of the umbilical portion. Then the left lateral segmental bile ducts are exposed and divided at the left side of the umbilical portion of the left portal vein. Left trisegmentectomy with caudate lobectomy is suitable for carcinoma which involves the left intrahepatic bile duct in continuity with the right anterior segmental bile duct. Liver transection is advanced along the right portal fissure. The right posterior segmental bile duct is usually divided distal to the confluence of the inferior and superior branches.     

Adult living donor liver transplantation using right posterior segment

Varying circumstances call for various types of donor hepatectomy. We report here on an unusual type of donor hepatectomy, right posterior segmentectomy. A 46-year-old sister of the recipient was the donor. Her preoperative CT showed that the right anterior portal vein originated from the umbilical portion of the left portal vein. Intraoperative cholangiography revealed that the right posterior hepatic duct joined the common hepatic duct in the extrahepatic area. Right posterior segmentectomy was performed without transfusion in the donor. The postoperative course proceeded favorably in both donor and recipient until postoperative day 41, when the recipient unexpectedly expired as a result of cerebral hemorrhage. The donor was discharged with good liver function. We can conclude that the right posterior segment of the donor can be used as a graft, when the volume of left liver is not enough for both donor and recipient, or the vascular structures favor right posterior segmentectomy.     

Designing Triple Adult Liver Grafts From an Ideal Deceased Liver

Splitting deceased donor livers and creating 3 grafts from a whole liver may be feasible and shorten the waiting time for organ donation in patients with high mortality rates. We hypothesized that it might be reasonable to procure 3 grafts for donation from one deceased donor liver by splitting the liver into left (segment II, III, IV), right anterior (segment V, VIII), and right posterior lobes (segment VI, VII) for liver transplantation according to the portal system trifurcated variations. We designed the right anterior branch with the main portal trunk and middle hepatic artery to become inflow of right anterior lobe, the left portal vein and left hepatic artery to become the inflow of left lobe and right posterior branch, and right hepatic artery to become the inflow of right posterior lobe. We retrospectively reviewed the volumetric computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography of 153 liver donors. The hepatic and portal veins, hepatic artery, and biliary system were reorganized and classified. The volumetric proportions of the liver grafts were measured. Trifurcation of the portal vein variation was found in approximately 13.7% of portal systemic variations. The left lobe accounted for 29.18% of the total liver volume, the right anterior lobe, 35.22%, and the right posterior lobe, 35.6%. We validated this principle by dissecting the explanted liver and identified the triple grafts' weights, percentages, vessels, and biliary ducts system. The splitting of deceased donor livers into 3 split liver grafts for use in liver transplantation surgery can be clinically useful.     

Hepatic Resection for Metastatic Colon Cancer in Patients with Situs Inversus Totalis Complicated by Multiple Anomalies of the Hepatobiliary System: The First Case Report

Background  Situs inversus totalis is a rare condition characterized by a mirror-image transposition of the abdominal and thoracic viscera. In order to develop safe techniques for hepatic resection, it is important to report surgical outcomes in cases complicated by situs inversus totalis and other anomalies. Case  The patient was a 64-year-old man with situs inversus totalis who had previously undergone sigmoidectomy with regional lymphadenectomy for sigmoid colon cancer at age 62. Despite postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, tumor markers increased and multiple liver metastases were detected on abdominal ultrasonography. Enhanced computed tomography revealed not only liver metastases but also hepatobiliary anomalies associated with situs inversus totalis as follows: (1) portal vein located anterior to the common bile duct or hepatic artery, (2) proper hepatic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery, (3) “left” (right in normal population)-sided umbilical portion of the portal vein and total ramification of intrahepatic portal branches from that point, (4) hepatic vein directly communicating to the “left” atrium. For the treatment of hepatic metastases from sigmoid colon cancer in a patient with situs inversus totalis, “left” hepatic lobectomy, partial hepatectomy, and radiofrequency ablation therapy were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been continued for 2 years after the second operation and the patient is doing well without recurrence. Conclusion  Since situs inversus totalis is occasionally accompanied by multiple hepatobiliary anomalies, careful evaluation of the related anatomy using modern imaging modalities is crucial for safe hepatic resection.     

结直肠癌发生部位与肝转移分布的关系

目的：初步探讨结直肠癌部位与肝转移分布之间的关系。方法：回顾性分析1984年1月至1997年7月间137例结直肠癌伴肝转移病人的资料。结果：52例右侧结肠癌的肝转移灶多位于右叶。另85例左侧结肠癌或直肠癌的肝转移灶分布在左叶、右叶或两叶无显著差异。结论：结直肠癌的部位可影响肝转移的分布，本文结果有助于结直肠癌肝转移部位的诊断，并为选择经肠系膜下静脉途径行门静脉化疗预防肝转移提供依据。     

Longer than 3-Year Survival Following Hepato-Ligamento-Pancreatoduodenectomy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma with Vascular Involvement: Report of a Case

A 70-year-old man presented with a mass-forming perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in his left liver, and both the portal trunk and proper hepatic artery were involved by the tumor. We performed a hepato-ligamento-pancreatoduodenectomy (HLPD), including an extended left lobectomy with a caudate lobectomy, and the external iliac vein graft was harvested for portal vein reconstruction while the right middle colic artery was anastomosed to the right posterior hepatic artery. Vascular involvement (portal vein and hepatic artery) and peripancreatic lymph node metastases were proven histologically. Although the liver abscess and pancreatic fistula both occurred postoperatively, the patient is now healthy and still alive 3 years 9 months after surgery without recurrence. We consider that the absence of para-aortic lymph node metastases and hepatic invasion which is not involved beyond the second order of the hepatic ducts in the future remnant liver might therefore have contributed to the satisfactory outcome after performing HLPD in this case.     

持久美蓝染色法在精准肝切除中的应用价值

目的 探讨持久美蓝染色法在精准肝切除中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年2月至8月解放军总医院对21例肝癌患者采用美蓝染色后行精准肝切除的临床资料.首先在肝门部解剖出拟切除肝段的肝蒂,然而在Glisson鞘内门静脉远端注射美蓝后结扎该段肝蒂,使拟切除肝段染色,按染色的界限行肝段切除.结果 Glisson鞘内注射美蓝染色的成功率为100%,美蓝在拟切除肝段的肝实质内停留(80±23)min.21例患者均行精准肝切除,其中右半肝2例,左半肝1例;右后叶2例,右前叶3例,左外侧叶1例;肝Ⅷ段2例,肝Ⅶ段3例,肝Ⅵ段1例,肝Ⅳ段2例;联合肝段切除4例.平均术中出血量为(236±6)ml,术后并发症发生率为14%(3/21),平均术后住院时间为(12±3)d.结论 注射美蓝后结扎肝蒂的染色方法成功率高,染色时间持久,对肝实质离断过程中的切面选择具有引导作用,有助于提高解剖性肝切除的精准性.