父母职业接触铅对其子女智力行为的影响

目的　评价铅对作业工人子女智力、神经行为的影响。方法　选择父亲和 (或 )母亲从事铅作业的 14 7名某市区儿童 (6～ 10岁 )为接触组 ,父母亲均不接触铅及其它化学毒物、居住在同一市区的儿童 99名为对照组。测定两组儿童血铅、发铅、血锌卟啉、智商和神经行为功能。结果　父母职业性接触铅其子女发铅、血铅、锌卟啉明显高于对照组 (P<0 0 1) ,血铅、发铅水平与智商水平基本呈负相关关系。行为功能简单反应时、数字跨度得分 ,接触组明显低于对照组(P <0 0 1) ;上述改变以父亲母亲同时接触铅影响最大、父亲接触铅次之、母亲接触铅影响最小。结论　父母职业接触铅增加其子女铅负荷 ,造成儿童的智力和神经行为不良影响     

父母接触CS2与子女智能发育的关系

目的研究父母怀孕前接触不同浓度CS2对子女智商发育的影响.方法应用WlSC-R对父母孕前接触CS2＞2 a 的61名儿童和39名对照组儿童进行智商测定,并计算平衡年龄、文化因素后的智商得分(VIQ,PIQ,FIQ)和因子(A,B,C因子)得分.结果不同浓度接触组与对照组比较,经单因素方差分析,智商和因子得分差异均有显著意义,其中高浓度组得分最低.将接触组儿童分成父亲接触组、母亲孕前接触组,并与对照组进行比较,3组智商和因子得分差异有非常显著意义,父亲接触组得分最低.经Dunnett分析表明,父亲接触组与母亲接触组及对照组比较,差异有显著性.母亲接触组与对照组比较,差异无显著性.相关分析表明,母亲和父亲文化水平、孕前工龄、生育年龄、新生儿出生体重与儿童智商得分有相关关系.多元逐步回归分析表明,只有父母亲文化水平、父亲接触工龄等进入回归方程. 结论父亲高浓度接触CS2将导致子女智力发育水平低下,父亲接触CS2其子女智商得分低于母亲孕前接触组,接触组儿童智力发育与父亲接触工龄有关,也与父母文化水平有关.     

二硫化碳对子代智力发育的影响

本文调食了父母在生育前后接触CS_2,的子女智力发育情况.结果发现双亲中有一方接触CS_2,的平均浓度大于10mg/m~3对其子女的智力发育有影响.表现为言语智商和总智商均显著地低于对照组(言语IQ 105,9比96.1,t=2.79 P<0.01:总IQ107.4比99.5t=2.14 P<0.05):但低于10mg/m~3组其子女智力发育无明显影响。同时发现儿童的智力发育与母亲的文化素养成正相关。     

父母职业接触铅对其子代某些形态和血液指标的影响

目的　评价铅对作业工人子代健康的影响。方法　选择父亲和 (或 )母亲从事铅作业的 14 7名城区儿童 ( 6～10岁 )为接触组 ,父母亲均不接触铅及其它化学毒物的儿童 99名为对照组。测定两组儿童身高、体重、胸围、发铅、血铅、血锌卟啉及智商和部分血液指标。结果　接触组发铅、血铅、血锌卟啉明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,血红蛋白、红细胞数明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,女性胸围发育明显落后于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;上述改变以父亲母亲同时接触铅影响最大、父亲接触铅次之、母亲接触铅影响最小。结论　职业接触铅对子代健康有不良影响     

接铅女工子女智商与血铅浓度等因素的逐步回归分析

1987年对接触铅及不接触铅妇女子女104名进行了血铅及智商测定。发现儿童血铅几何均数接触组为22.03μg/dl,显著高于非接触组的11.47μg/dl,P<0.01。对与智商有关的9个因素做了多因素逐步回归分析。它们是:父亲文化程度,母亲文化程度,父亲职业、母亲职业,家庭月人均收入,血铅浓度。生后带养情况,父亲生育年龄,母亲生育年龄。分析结果看出总智商与父亲文化程度与血铅浓度有关。即父亲文化程度越高,儿童智能愈高:而血铅含量愈高,儿童智能愈低。这一结果表明低浓度长期接触铅可能对儿童智能发育有影响。     

汞对女工子代影响的研究

对某厂荧光灯生产车间汞作业女工的子女36名进行了调查,作为观察组,并与对照组(36名)进行配对研究。结果表明,观察组的智商及行为心理等测验指标明显低于对照组(P<0.05),身高、体重等指标,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05),但儿童生长发育指数,两组并无显著性差异.说明汞对女工的子代的智力发育有一定影响.     

接触二硫化碳对子代神经行为及尿5-HIAA水平的影响

目的研究怀孕前父、母亲有不同浓度二硫化碳(CS2)接触史的儿童神经行为功能和尿中5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)改变。方法选择怀孕前父亲或母亲有CS2接触史者所生育的子女61名为接触组,按父母接触水平分为高浓度组和低浓度组。同时选取同一地区父母无任何毒物接触史的39名儿童为对照组,进行神经行为功能和尿中5-HIAA水平测试。结果父亲或母亲接触高浓度组儿童注意力、反应速度、心理运动能力、运动协调能力都受到影响,低浓度组仅在视感知和运动协调能力方面有所影响。分成母亲接触组、父亲接触组与对照组比较,除心理运动能力外未见到其他指标测试结果的差异有显著性。尿中5-HIAA水平,接触组与对照组儿童间差异未见有显著性。结论接触CS2对子代可产生一定的神经行为改变,且有一定的剂量-反应关系。     

三硝基甲苯对作业女工子代智商影响的调查

三硝基甲苯对作业女工子代智商影响的调查辽宁省劳动卫生职业病防治所杨世娴执笔为探讨ＴＮＴ对作业女工的子代智力发育有无影响，我们选择妊娠前一年和妊娠及哺乳期工作在空气存在ＴＮＴ毒物环境中的女职工生育的子女为接触组，其父亲为无毒物接触史者。并选父母均为无毒...     

父母智商分项对独生与非独生子女智商的影响

目的研究父母智商分项对独生子女和非独生子女智商(Intelligenee quotient,IQ)的影响,以便更好地促进儿童智力发育.方法随机抽取合肥市4～14岁中等收入家庭的健康儿童81名及其父母作为研究对象,用韦氏智力量表评定儿童和其父母的智商,再分别将独生子女和非独生子女的全量表智商(FIQ)、言语智商(VIQ)和操作智商(PIQ)同其父母的智商分项进行多元逐步回归分析.结果独生子女的智商和母亲算术、积木图案及父亲填图成正相关;非独生子女的智商和父母亲知识、拼物及父亲算术成正相关.独生子女的言语智商和母亲算术、父亲填图成正相关;非独生子女的言语智商和母亲知识、父亲算术及父母亲拼物成正相关.独生子女的操作智商和母亲积木图案、算术及背数成正相关;非独生子女的操作智商和母亲积木图案、父亲知识、背数、算术及拼物成正相关.结论母亲智商不仅在遗传方面,而且在儿童后天培养中对儿童智商起关键作用;父亲智商主要在儿童后天培养中对儿童智商起作用.     

接锰工人计算机神经行为测试探讨

目的通过使用中文版计算机神经行为评价系统(NES-C3)项目的测试,探讨锰对职业接触工人神经行为的影响.方法以100名接锰工人和26名非接锰工人为测试对象,然后选取11个行为测试项目进行测试.将接锰工人按累积暴露指数(CEI)大小分为低暴露组(CRI＜5)与高暴露组(CEI≥5),每名工人由专业人员单独测试.结果暴露组工人的行为如情绪、符号译码、视简单反应时、目标追踪得分,与对照组相比已有明显改变(P＜0.05).相关分析发现神经行为功能改变与锰累积暴露剂量之间存在剂量效应关系.结论长期接触锰可引起职业接触工人情感状态、心理运动能力、手眼协调能力的改变.计算机神经行为测试可作为一种检测职业接锰工人神经系统亚临床损害的较理想的方法.     

铅污染对儿童血液生化及其智力的影响

【目的】 探讨铅污染对儿童健康的影响,为进一步做好预防儿童铅中毒工作提供科学依据。 【方法】 选某蓄电池厂子校父母一方铅暴露者(实验一组),父母未铅暴露者(实验二组)及对照组学生各61名配对。 【结果】 实验一、二组学生的血铅(PbB)、尿铅(PbU)、红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)显著高于对照组,而血红蛋白(Hb)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)显著降抵(P<0.01),表明长期铅暴露可引起学生体内铅蓄积量增加,干扰扑啉代谢和Hb合成。实验一组低智商检出率(14.75%)显著高于其它两组(P<0.01)。母亲铅暴露者智商(IQ)为98.59,低于父亲铅暴露者(IQ=101.91)和实验二组(IQ=105.20),并显著低于对照组(IQ=106.16,P<0.01)。 【结论】 长期铅暴露的儿童,血红蛋白有降低的趋势;同时铅暴露也是影响学生智力发育的危险因素之一,督促政府和社会给予铅污染对儿童健康影响以极大地关注,采取有效措施保护儿童身心健康。     

The effects of iodine on intelligence in children: a meta-analysis of studies conducted in China

This study quantifies the effects of iodine on the intellectual development of children using a systematic manual literature search of Chinese publications related to iodine deficiency disorders. The Chinese Medical Reference Database, Medline, and Cochrane library were searched electronically in Chinese and English. Inclusion criteria included: studies conducted in China, comparing children (<16 ys) living in naturally iodine sufficient (IS) with those in severely iodine deficient (ID) areas, or children in ID areas born before and after the introduction of iodine supplementation. Intelligent Quotient (IQ) was measured using Binet or Raven Scales. The iodine sufficient control groups were comparable socially, economically, and educationally with the study groups. Random effects models were used in the meta-analysis. Effect size was the standard deviation IQ point (SIQP), which is equivalent to 15 IQ. Thirty-seven reported studies, total 12,291 children, were analysed. The effect size was an increase of 0.83, 0.82, and 0.32 SIQP respectively, for the children living in IS communities compared with those living in ID areas with no iodine supplementation, with inadequate iodine supplementation, or children who had received iodine during their mothers' pregnancy and after birth. These equal to 12.45, 12.3, 4.8 IQ points. Compared with that of children whose mothers were persistently exposed to ID, the total effect size of the 21 entries was an increase of 0.58 SIQP (8.7 IQ points) in the group receiving iodine supplementation during pregnancy. Furthermore, there was an increase on 1.15 SIQP of Binet or 0.8 SIQP on Raven Scale (17.25 or 12 IQ points) for children born more than 3.5 years after iodine supplementation program was introduced. The level of iodine nutrition plays a crucial role in the intellectual development of children. The intelligence damage of children exposed to severe ID was profound, demonstrated by 12.45 IQ points loss and they recovered 8.7 IQ points with iodine supplementation or IS before and during pregnancy. Iodine supplementation before and during pregnancy to women living in severe ID areas could prevent their children from intelligence deficit. This effect becomes evident in children born 3.5 years after the iodine supplementation program was introduced.     

Cognitive performance among cohorts of children exposed to a waste disposal site containing heavy metals in Chile

Between 1984 and 1998, people living in Arica were involuntarily exposed to metal-containing waste stored in the urban area. The study aims to determine whether children who lived near the waste disposal site during early childhood experienced negative effects on their cognitive development. The cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The exposure variable was defined by the year of birth in three categories: (1) Pre-remediation (born before 1999); (2) During-remediation (born between 1999 and 2003); and (3) Post-remediation (born after 2003). In the crude analysis, a difference of 10 points in the IQ average was observed between the group born in the pre- (81.9 points) and post-remediation period (91.1 points). The difference between both groups was five times higher as compared to children of similar age and socioeconomic status in other cities of Chile. This result could be related with a period of high potential for exposure to this contaminated site.     

儿童气质与智商的相关性研究

目的：探讨研究学习困难儿童的气质、智商与正常儿童的差异,针对其不同特点,采取因材施教,促进儿童情绪和社会性行为的健康发展,防止行为问题的发生。方法：观察组208例（选IQ〉70以上）,平均成绩连续2年在班级第10百分位以下的儿童,对照组200例,与观察组同年龄段,平均成绩中上水平的正常儿童。两组儿童均采用8~12岁儿童气质问卷（MCTQ）、儿童韦克斯勒智力测试（WISC-R）对气质、智商进行评定。结果：（1）观察组总智商（FIQ）、言语智商（VIQ）、操作智商（PIQ）与对照组比较差异有统计学意义;（2）观察组与对照组比较,气质9个维度中部分维度差异有显著性。结论：学习困难儿童存在智力结构发育不平衡,气质特点有特殊性,应根据气质特点给予因材施教,让他（她）们健康成长。     

噪声对作业女工妊娠结局及其子代智力行为的影响

目的：研究噪声对作业女工妊娠结局及其代智力行为的影响。方法：应用流行病学方法对暴露噪声强度在85．00－103．50dB(A）已婚已孕（育）的纺织女工831人进行调查,用《瑞文测验联合型图册CRT－CC》测验子代智商;用Conner's量表评估儿童行为问题。结果：噪声作业女工自然流产发生率（6．52％,RR＝11．24）明显高于对照组,对早产、难产、死胎、死产、先天畸形、低体重儿等观察指标未明见明显影响。其发生率有随暴露声级增大而增高的趋势,噪声组女工子代智商明显低于对照组,行为问卷调查发现,心身障碍得分明显高于对照组。结论：噪声对作业女工妊娠结局及其子代智力行为有一定影响。     

Intellectual development of children born of mothers who fasted in Ramadan during pregnancy

The long-term effects of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy on the brain development of the fetus are still not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal fasting during Ramadan on the intelligence quotient of their progeny. A historical cohort study was conducted on 191 children aged between 4 to 13 years, 98 whose mothers fasted throughout Ramadan when they were pregnant with their children (case group) and 93 children whose mothers did not fast (control group). The children were selected from 15 schools via a questionnaire filled out by their mothers. Detailed demographic, medical history, and socioeconomic status data were collected by interviewing the mothers. All children aged between 6 to 13 were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), and those aged between 4 to 6 were administered Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence (WPPSI), and intelligence quotient was estimated. Cases included 47 boys and 51 girls aged 8.5+/-2.5 years and controls included 44 boys and 49 girls aged 8.7+/-2.5 years. There were no significant differences in sex and age between two groups. Among background and confounder variables, the percentage of Caesarean section and the duration of breast-feeding were significantly different between case and control groups; 29% Caesarean section in cases vs. 45% in controls (p < 0.05) and 17.2+/-9 months breast-feeding for cases vs. 14.5+/-9 months for controls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in socioeconomic status of families between the groups whereas socioeconomic status accounted for approximately 17% of the variances in the average of full-scale intelligence quotient scores. Adjusted mean and standard deviation of full-scale intelligence quotient scores, performance and verbal, were 111+/-10, 109+/-11 and 110+/-11 for the case group and 112+/-10, 110+/-11 and 110+/-11 for the control group respectively. No significant differences were observed between the IQ scores of the two groups. Fasting during gestation did not adversely affect IQ of children whose mothers had fasted during Ramadan while being pregnant.     

辅助受孕儿的出生情况及智力发育水平追踪研究

目的 通过研究辅助受孕儿出生时的新生情况及持续追踪至8岁的智力发育水平,以评价辅助生殖技术的安全性。方法 采用前瞻性对照研究方法,试验组为人工辅助受孕儿,对照组为自然受孕儿,均自母亲孕28周起入组登记定期随访收集相关资料至出生,生后由经过培训的指定专业人员将相关新生儿情况登记入案,并定期跟踪,0~3岁采用CDCC婴幼儿发育量表,每间隔6个月进行一次精神运动发育评估,3岁以上采用斯坦福-比奈智力量表,每间隔12 个月进行一次智力测试。结果 辅助受孕组新生儿中双胎儿、早产、低出生体重、新生儿期入住NICU等发生率明显高于自然受孕对照组,单独比较两组中的单胎儿时,差异无统计学意义。但辅助受孕组剖宫产发生率仍明显高于自然受孕组。另对不同辅助受孕方式产生的子代组间进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。持续追踪两组儿童至8岁,其智力发育水平差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 辅助受孕子代的新生儿情况更差,主要归因于其高发的双胎及多胎妊娠率;辅助受孕儿童生长至学龄时智力发育水平正常;不同辅助受孕方式对其子代的出生情况及智力发育无影响。