Tei指数评价围生期心肌病心功能的临床价值

目的:探讨Tei指数评价围生期心肌病心功能的临床价值.方法:选择20例围生期心肌病患者,常规行超声心动图检查,测左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVDs)、二尖瓣口舒张早期和晚期血流峰值之比(E/A),计算Tei指数,并与25例正常对照组进行比较分析.结果:两组间比较,围生期心肌病组LVDd、LVDs均大于正常对照组,EF值低于正常对照组,IRT明显延长,Tei值高于正常对照组.结论:Tei指数可简便、敏感的综合评价围生期心肌病患者的整体收缩舒张功能.     

应用Tei指数评价高血压患者心功能

目的探讨Tei指数评价高血压患者心功能的临床价值。方法将55例高血压患者根据室壁厚度分为左室肥厚组(A组)和左室无肥厚组(B组)两组。A组,25例;B组,30例。另选正常人35例作对照研究(C组)。三组均行常规超声心动图检查,测量左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)和收缩末期内径(LVDs),二尖瓣口血流图舒张早期和舒张晚期血流峰值之比(E/A),E峰减速时间(DT)以及Tei指数。结果A组DT值较B组及C组均大,差异有显著性(均<0.01);A组E/A值较B组及C组小,差异有显著性(均<0.01);三组EF值均处于正常范围,差异无显著性;A组与B组Tei指数均较C组大,差异均有显著性(均<0.01)。结论Tei指数能简便及敏感的综合评价心脏的整体收缩功能,为高血压患者提供早期心功能改变的依据,便于高血压患者早期的预防和诊断。     

充血性心力衰竭患者E／Ea与严重程度的相关性

目的探讨充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的跨二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值(E)与二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度峰值(Ea)的比值和CHF严重程度的关系.方法用多普勒组织显像测定54例CHF患者和29例正常人的Ea,用脉冲多普勒测定E,分析CHF患者E/Ea的变化及其与CHF严重程度的关系.结果①CHF患者的E/Ea高于正常组(14.01±4.53 vs 8.41±2.17,P＜0.01).②CHF患者中,心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的E/Ea值高于心功能Ⅱ级的E/Ea值(16.41±5.42 vs12.34±2.88,P＜0.01);其中左室射血分数(LVEF)≥50%的CHF患者,心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的E/Ea值也高于心功能Ⅱ级的E/Ea值(16.27±4.96 vs12.05±3.00,P＜0.01).③脑利钠肽(BNP)≥1 000pg/ml的CHF患者,其E/Ea值高于BNP＜1 000pg/ml的CHF患者(16.63±6.45 vs 13.15±3.00,P＜0.01).④LVEF＜50%与LVEF≥50%的CHF患者比较,E/Ea值差异无统计学意义(15.06±5.09 vs 13.41±4.16,P＞0.05).⑤LVEF＜50%的CHF患者,E/Ea值与LVEF无相关性(r=0.06,P＞0.05).结论CHF患者的E/Ea值升高,其数值能够反映CHF的严重程度.对LVEF正常者,E/Ea升高能提示舒张性心力衰竭的严重程度.     

BNP、TNF~α及C反应蛋白对充血性心力衰竭患者左心室重构的临床观察

目的:探讨BNP、TNF~α及C反应蛋白对老年充血性心力衰竭患者左心室重构的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年11月~2012年11月期间398例老年充血性心力衰竭患者的临床资料,将其作为观察组,以同期52例心脏功能正常的健康体检者作为对照组,观察2组BNP、TNF~α及C反应蛋白的浓度,比较2组左房内径(LAD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末内径(LVDd)及左心室收缩末内径(LVDs)的数据。结果:观察组BNP、TNF~α及C反应蛋白明显高于对照组(P<0.01),观察组LVDs、LAD高于对照组,观察组LVEF低于对照组(P<0.05),BNP与LVEF呈负相关,与LVDd、LAD呈正相关。结论:老年充血性心力衰竭患者BNP、TNF~α及C反应蛋白明显增高,与左心室重构关系密切。     

美托洛尔对慢性心力衰竭患者脑钠肽水平及心功能的影响

目的探讨美托洛尔对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者脑钠肽(BNP)水平和心功能的影响。方法已接受常规治疗,纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能Ⅱ~Ⅲ级的CHF患者90例,随机分为两组:治疗组(50例),对照组(40例)。治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用美托洛尔,从小剂量(6.25mg,bid)逐渐加至靶剂量(50mg,bid),治疗6个月。对比分析治疗前后两组患者的血浆BNP水平、NYHA分级、心率、血压、超声心动图等指标。结果治疗组较对照组左室舒张末期内径(63±7mmvs59±5mm)、左室收缩末期内径(53±8vs47±4mm)和左室质量指数(160±24vs135±18g/m2)显著下降(均P<0.05),左室射血分数(LVEF)显著升高(38%±11%vs47%±9%)(P<0.05),血浆BNP(121±54vs70±9ng/L)显著降低(P<0.05);另外,美托洛尔治疗前后患者血浆BNP降低值与左室舒张末期内径(r=0.80),左室收缩末期内径(r=0.79)和左室质量指数(r=0.71)减少呈正相关(均P<0.01),而与LVEF的增加负相关(r=-0.86,P<0.01)。结论美托洛尔能抑制CHF患者神经内分泌的过度激活,阻断CHF的发展进程,改善心功能,血浆BNP可作为评价β受体阻滞剂治疗CHF疗效的监测指标之一。     

心肌活动指数在心力衰竭中医辨证分型中的作用研究

目的:探讨心肌活动指数(Tei指数)等心功能评价指标在心力衰竭中医辩证分型中的临床价值。方法:选择心功能为2级或2级以上(按NYHA制定标准)的心力衰竭患者,根据卫生部1993年发布的《中药新药治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床研究指导原则》并对患者进行中医辨证分型,选择①气阴虚型、②心肾阳虚型、③气虚血瘀型、④阳虚水泛型等四型,每型各10例,另设10名正常人作为对照组,年龄为(40~70)岁。行常规超声心动图检查测量左室舒张末期内径和收缩末期内径(LVDd,LVDs),二尖瓣口血流图舒张早期和舒张晚期血流峰值之比(E/A)、E峰减速时间(DT)以及Tei指数。结果:心力衰竭患者的Tei指数明显大于正常对照组(P0.001),在心力衰竭四型当中,E/A、DT、EF、LVDD等指标组间无统计学差异(P0.05),但Tei指数在四型当中有明显的差异(P0.05),其指数从大到小显示为:阳虚水泛型(心肾阳虚型(气虚血瘀型(气阴虚型。结论:Tei指数能简便、敏感、综合评价心脏的整体收缩舒张功能外,并对心力衰竭的中医辩证分型有重要的指导意义。     

快速检测B型钠尿肽对急性呼吸困难患者鉴别诊断的意义

目的探讨快速B型钠尿肽(BNP)测定对心源性和肺源性呼吸困难鉴别诊断的意义和价值。方法将794例急性呼吸困难患者分成四组:CHF组(453例)、CHF+肺源性疾病组(76例)、肺源性疾病组(213例)和非CHF+非肺源性疾病组(52例),采用干式快速免疫荧光法测定全部患者的血浆BNP浓度。结果CHF组血浆BNP浓度为(761±413)pg/ml;CHF+肺源性疾病组为(573±316)pg/ml;肺源性疾病组为(69±43)pg/ml;非CHF+非肺源性疾病组为(61±43)pg/ml。肺源性疾病组与非CHF+非肺源性疾病组差异无显著性(P>0.05),其余各组间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。心功能II～IV级患者BNP数值分别为(394±231)pg/ml、(644±306)pg/ml和(894±411)pg/ml,组间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论急诊科快速测定血浆BNP浓度有助于提高心源性和肺源性急性呼吸困难的鉴别诊断。     

评价结合组织多普勒（TDI）的Tei指数检测胎儿先天性心脏病早期心功能变化的价值

目的 探讨结合组织多普勒的Tei指数在评价胎儿先天性心脏病左心功能早期变化的价值.方法 选择经常规产前超声检查发现胎儿心脏结构或心律有异常的孕妇27例,以30例胎儿心脏结构或心律正常者为对照组.在常规胎儿超声心动图切面测量胎儿左室舒张末期内径及收缩末期内径（LVDd、LVDs）、左室射血分数（LVEF％）、左室缩短率（FS％）,应用组织多普勒于心尖五腔心切面测得Tei指数[Tei指数=（ICT＋IRT）/ET=（a-b）/b].对各组的EF、FS及Tei指数进行分析.结果 对照组胎儿的LVDd、LVDs、EF、FS及Tei指数没有明显变化;先心组EF％、FS％轻度减低,但是没有明显统计学意义;与对照组相比,先心组LVDd、LVDs没有明显统计学意义,而Tei指数相对于对照组则明显增高（P＜0.01）.结论 结合组织多普勒的Tei指数能早期敏感检测胎儿早期心脏功能的变化,为评估胎儿先天性心脏病早期心功能改变提供了客观依据.     

Tei指数评价急性心肌梗死患者左室功能的研究

目的用脉冲多普勒技术测算Tei指数评价急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者左心功能,研究Tei指数的临床应用价值。方法选择初发AMI的患者40例,另选取40例正常人作为对照组。应用脉冲多普勒血流频谱图分别测量两组的二尖瓣关闭至下一次开放的时间（a）、主动脉射血时间（b）,计算Tei指数,常规超声心动图测量左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期径线（LVDd）、左室收缩末期径线（LVDs）,二尖瓣口正向血流舒张早期和舒张晚期血流峰值之比（E／A）、E峰减速时间（DT）。结果（1）心肌梗死组左室整体Tei指数较对照组明显延长（P〈0．01）;（2）心肌梗死组的LVDd和LVDs较对照组增大（P〈0．01）;（3）Tei指数与EF、E／A峰比值及DT评价AMI患者左心功能有明显的良好相关性。结论Tei指数是一种综合评价心功能的指标,能简便、敏感、准确、综合评价AMI后早期左室的整体收缩和舒张功能。     

多普勒超声检测心肌活动指数评价心脏整体功能的实验研究

目的探讨多普勒超声检测心肌活动指数(MPI,又称Tei指数)的临床价值.方法对10头猪进行快速右心室起搏,分别于起搏前及起搏3周关闭起搏器后进行多普勒超声心动图检查,测定左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、收缩末期内径(LVDs)、等容舒张时间(IVRT)、等容收缩时间(IVCT)、射血时间(ET)、计算射血分数(EF)、每搏输出量(SV)、每分输出量(CO)、左心室心肌活动指数(MPI).结果起搏后与起搏前相比LVDd和LVDs明显增大[(4.66±0.16)cm与(3.73±0.17)cm,(3.80±0.12)cm与(2.20±0.14)cm,P＜0.01],IVRT和IVCT延长[(0.07±0.01)s与(0.05±0.01)s,(0.05±0.01)s与(0.04±0.01)s,P＜0.01],ET缩短[(0.18±0.02)s与(0.20±0.02)s,P＜0.05],MPI明显延长(0.69±0.16与0.47±0.07,P＜0.05).结论MPI能简便、敏感、综合评价心脏的整体收缩、舒张功能.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.