罗哌卡因在分娩镇痛中的应用

目的观察低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼对镇痛分娩的效果及对产程、母婴的影响.方法选择280例足月单胎、产前检查无阴道分娩禁忌、无椎管内硬膜穿刺禁忌的初产妇.ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分为腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞作为镇痛组,自然分娩组作为对照组,每组140例.镇痛组于宫口开至2～3cm时,取L2.3常规硬膜外穿刺,穿刺成功后,用腰麻针经硬膜外腔刺入蛛网膜下腔,见脑脊液回流通畅,缓慢注入0.2%罗哌卡因1.5ml(3mg),拔出腰麻针,硬膜外腔向头侧置入硬膜外导管3.5cm,阻滞平面在T10以下,根据镇痛程度硬膜外腔每小时给予0.1%罗哌卡因6～8ml 芬太尼2μg/ml,必要时追加3～5ml/15min.观察产妇的生命体征、镇痛效果(VAS评分)、下肢运动神经阻滞MBS(modified bromage score)、产程时间、产后出血量、分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分.结果镇痛组产妇镇痛有效率100%,下肢运动神经阻滞轻,第一、二产程时间及产后出血量与对照组相比无显著差异(P》0.05),剖宫产率明显低于对照组的剖宫产率(P《0.05);两组新生儿Apgar评分均无统计学差异(P》0.05).结论采用罗哌卡因复合芬太尼的镇痛技术具有明显的镇痛作用,是目前分娩的理想方法.     

罗哌卡因在分娩镇痛中的应用

目的：观察低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼对镇痛分娩的效果及对产程、母婴的影响。方法：选择280例足月单胎、产前检查无阴道分娩禁忌、无椎管内硬膜穿刺禁忌的初产妇。ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级，随机分为腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞作为镇痛组，自然分娩组作为对照组，每组140例。镇痛组于宫口开至2-3cm时，取L2，3常规硬膜外穿刺。穿刺成功后。用腰麻针经硬膜外腔刺人蛛网膜下腔，见脑脊液回流通畅，缓慢注人0．2％罗哌卡因1．5ml（3mg），拔出腰麻针，硬膜外腔向头侧置人硬膜外导管3．5cm，阻滞平面在T10以下，根据镇痛程度硬膜外腔每小时给予0．1％罗哌卡因6-8ml＋芬太尼2μg／ml，必要时追加3-5ml／15min。观察产妇的生命体征、镇痛效果（VAS评分）、下肢运动神经阻滞MBS（modified bromage score）、产程时间、产后出血量、分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分。结果：镇痛组产妇镇痛有效率100％，下肢运动神经阻滞轻，第一、二产程时间及产后出血量与对照组相比无显著差异（P〉0.05），剖宫产率明显低于对照组的剖宫产率（P〈0．05）；两组新生儿Apgar评分均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：采用罗哌卡因复合芬太尼的镇痛技术具有明显的镇痛作用，是目前分娩的理想方法。     

低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于可行走硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的 观察低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼对可行走硬膜外镇痛分娩的效果及对产程、母婴的影响.方法 选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级无高危妊娠因素、无椎管内穿刺禁忌的初产妇280例.随机分为镇痛组和对照组,每组140例.镇痛组于产妇宫口开2～3cm时经L2-3间隙常规行腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞,见脑脊液同流通畅后缓慢注入0.2%罗哌卡因1.5mL(3mg);拔出腰麻针.硬膜外腔向头侧置入硬膜外导管4cm,,30min后接PCA泵持续注入0.1%罗哌卡因加芬太尼(2μg/mL),背景剂量6 mL/h,锁定时间15min,产妇在VAS评分≥2分时,自控追加药物.宫口开全时停止泵药,分娩结束拔除导管.对照组按产科常规处理,不给予任何镇痛药物.观察产妇的生命体征、镇痛效果(VAS评分)、下肢运动神经阻滞MBS(modified bromage score)、产程时问、产后出血量、分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分.结果 镇痛组产妇镇痛有效率100%,下肢运动神经阻滞轻,第一、二产程时间及产后出血量与对照组相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05),剖宫产率明显低于对照组的剖宫产率(P＜0.05);两组新生儿Apgar评分均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼自控镇痛技术具有明显的镇痛作用,且下肢运动神经阻滞轻,是目前分娩的理想镇痛方法.     

罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛120例临床观察

目的 研究罗哌卡因复合小剂量芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床效果.方法 选择120例自愿要求分娩镇痛的足月初产妇为镇痛组,L3-4椎间隙穿刺注入0.1%罗哌卡因与2μg/mL芬太尼.记录两组产妇疼痛情况、运动神经阻滞情况、产程、分娩方式、产后出血及新生儿Apgar评分.结果 两组镇痛效果有显著性差异,镇痛组活跃期较对照组明显缩短,剖宫产率下降,第二产程时间、产后出血量、分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分比较无显著性差异.结论 0.1%罗哌卡因复合小剂量芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛,安全有效,值得临床推广.     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因腰麻硬膜外联合阻滞行分娩镇痛的比较

目的比较罗哌卡因腰麻硬膜外联合阻滞(CSEA)与布比卡因腰麻硬膜外联合阻滞行分娩镇痛的效果及对产程的影响。方法40例单胎足月初产妇随机分为两组,每组20例。两组均先在蛛网膜下腔分别注入罗哌卡因(Rop)2.5mg,加芬太尼20μg或布比卡因(Bup)2.5mg加芬太尼20μg后均留置硬膜外导管行硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA),采用0.1%罗哌卡因或0.1%布比卡因,均与1.6μg·ml-1芬太尼混合液持续硬膜外输注5ml·h-1,自控镇痛3ml,锁定时间10min。结果两组镇痛效果良好,镇痛起效时间差异不显著(P>0.05),两组对产程、胎儿Apgar评分、阴道助产率、剖宫产率及催产素的使用率影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。但布比卡因组对运动神经的阻滞程度显著增高。结论低浓度罗哌卡因CSE+PCEA用于分娩镇痛,效果完善,比较低浓度布比卡因CSE+PCEA运动阻滞更轻微。     

罗哌卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外可行走分娩镇痛的临床研究

目的 研究罗哌卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外输注可行走分娩镇痛的可行性及安全性.方法 选择ASA I～Ⅱ级,自愿接受分娩镇痛的临产初产妇40例,随机分为两组,腰硬联合阻滞组(A组),持续硬膜外腔阻滞组(B组),各20例.观察各组置管到宫口开全时间、第二产程时间、Apgar评分、阴道分娩率、器械分娩率、剖宫产率、镇痛效果、运动评分及不良反应.结果 两组产妇在进入产程到宫口开全时间、第二产程时间、阴道分娩率、器械分娩率、剖宫产率都差异无显著性.选择直立和行走体位的产妇Bromage评分均较高.持续硬膜外腔阻滞运动阻滞程度要高于腰硬联合阻滞组.结论 罗哌卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外输注行可行走分娩镇痛是可行及安全的.     

规律间断与持续硬膜外注射对分娩镇痛产妇运动功能及分娩结果的影响比较

目的 评价规律间断给药和持续注射用于腰-硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛对产妇运动功能及分娩结果的影响.方法 选择行腰-硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛的产妇155例,随机分为两组:规律间断硬膜外注射组(RIEB组)80例,蛛网膜下腔注射注入1 mL溶液(舒芬太尼5μg/mL+0.2%罗哌卡因),然后每小时给予硬膜外单次注射6 mL(舒芬太尼0.25μg/mL+0.08%罗哌卡因);持续给药组(CEI组)75例,给予上述腰麻药量后,按6 mL/h速度持续硬膜外给药.主要观测指标为产妇运动神经阻滞发生率、器械辅助分娩率及剖宫产率.镇痛开始后,每小时用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估疼痛程度,用改良Bromage评分法评价下肢运动神经阻滞情况,同时记录产程时间、镇痛时间、罗哌卡因总量、舒芬太尼总量、需PCA产妇数及每例产妇PCA次数及新生儿Apgar评分.结果 与RIEB组比较,CEI组在镇痛2~10 h期间,下肢运动神经阻滞发生率、器械辅助分娩率及剖宫产率均显著增高(P<0.01),且罗哌卡因用量、舒芬太尼用量、需PCA产妇数及每例产妇PCA次数明显增加(P<0.01);两组产程时间、镇痛时间、第一产程VAS评分及新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义.结论 规律间断给药与持续注射用于腰-硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛,前者不但可以降低运动神经阻滞发生率,而且还可以降低产妇器械辅助分娩率及剖宫产率.     

罗哌卡因、芬太尼腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞无痛分娩35例疗效观察

目的 观察罗哌卡因、芬太尼腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉阻滞无痛分娩的效果.方法 选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级妊娠足月、头位、单胎、初产妇35例进行腰麻-硬膜外联合镇痛分娩,并与同等条件的非镇痛产妇做比较.结果 35例镇痛产妇镇痛全部有效,助产率和剖宫产率明显低于非镇痛组,总产程缩短,新生儿Apager评分无差异.结论 罗哌卡因、芬太尼腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉阻滞无痛分娩效果良好,不良反应少,值得推广应用.     

低浓度罗哌卡因腰-硬联合阻滞用于分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的　比较不同剂量低浓度罗哌卡因腰麻 -硬膜外联合阻滞 (CSEA)行分娩镇痛的效果及对产程的影响。方法　 40例单胎足月初产妇随机分为两组 ,每组 2 0例。两组均先在蛛网膜下腔分别注入 0 1%罗哌卡因 ,Ⅰ组注入 2 5mg ,Ⅱ组注入 3 5mg ,均留置硬膜外导管 ,用 0 15 %罗哌卡因与 1 6 μg/ml芬太尼混合液 ,以CP模式行硬膜外自控分娩镇痛 (PCEA) ,即C(持续硬膜外输注 ) 4ml/h ,P(自控 ) 3ml/次 ,锁定时间 15min。结果　两组镇痛效果良好 ,镇痛起效时间相近 (P >0 0 5 ) ,两组对产程、新生儿Apgar评分、器械助产率、剖宫产率及缩宫素的使用率影响相似 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但Ⅱ组对运动神经的阻滞程度比Ⅰ组显著增高。结论　低浓度罗哌卡因CSEA +PCEA用于分娩镇痛 ,效果完善 ,对产妇下肢活动影响小 ,以 2 5mg罗哌卡因作为起始剂量行腰麻较为适宜     

罗哌卡因腰麻-硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛对产程和新生儿的影响

目的：探讨罗哌卡因用于腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞（CSEA）分娩镇痛对产程和母婴的影响。方法：随机选择20例ASAI-Ⅱ级足月单胎初产妇行分娩镇痛作为观察组,另选择20例条件相近但不给分娩镇痛的产妇为对照组。观察组在宫口开大至3~4 cm时进行CSE操作,蛛网膜下腔注入0.2%罗哌卡因1.5 ml（3 mg）。在腰麻后40 min行PCEA镇痛,注入0.1%罗哌卡因与芬太尼2μg/ml混合液,基础输注速率6ml/h,单次PCA3 ml,锁定时间10 min。宫口开全时停泵。用视觉模拟评分（VAS）和下肢运动神经阻滞评分（MBS）评估镇痛情况和下肢运动神经阻滞情况,观察并记录产妇生命体征、产程时间、生产方式及新生儿Apgar评分。结果：观察组产妇生命体征平稳,均达到良好的镇痛效果。两组产妇活跃期时间存在差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。第二产程、第三产程时间、生产方式及新生儿出生后1、5、10 min的Apgar评分两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：罗哌卡因用于CSEA分娩镇痛时可取得良好的镇痛效果,对运动神经阻滞轻且不影响产程和母婴。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.