丹酚酸B对缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧原代大鼠皮层神经元的保护作用

背景：缺血再灌注损伤是缺血性脑血管病过程中神经细胞损伤的主要原因。深入认识其发病机制,寻找新的治疗靶点是目前亟待解决的问题。本研究旨在探讨丹酚酸B对缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧神经细胞的保护作用。 方法：将原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元随机分为正常组、缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧组和丹酚酸B治疗组（10 mg/l）,复制缺糖缺氧3 h后复糖复氧3 h和24 h的细胞模型。采用MTT法观察神经细胞活性,荧光标记法和自旋捕获技术检测细胞内活性氧水平,比色法测定细胞内Mn-SOD、CAT及GSH-PX的活性,流式细胞仪定量分析线粒体膜电位水平,蛋白质免疫印记法检测细胞色素c的漏出率,透射电镜观察神经细胞超微结构的变化。 结果：与模型组相比,丹酚酸B可以提高细胞活性、Mn-SOD、CAT及GSH-PX的活性及线粒体膜电位的水平;同时降低细胞内活性氧水平和细胞色素c的漏出率。丹酚酸B还能减轻神经细胞超微结构的损伤。 结论：丹酚酸B的神经保护作用与清除活性氧抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

丹参素对缺氧/缺糖损伤神经细胞线粒体的保护作用

目的观察丹参素对SH-SY5Y细胞缺氧/缺糖损伤时胞浆内[Ca2 ]i、细胞凋亡率、细胞活性和线粒体膜电位的变化,探讨其对神经细胞线粒体的保护作用及其可能的机理.方法应用细胞培养、四唑盐比色实验(MTT)检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞内[Ca2 ]i、细胞凋亡百分率和线粒体膜电位.结果 SH-SY5Y细胞缺氧/缺糖损伤2 h时,细胞内[Ca2 ]i明显增加,为8.46 nmol/L(P<0.01),细胞凋亡率明显增高,为18.59% (P<0.01),细胞内[Ca2 ]i的浓度4 h时达到高峰,为9.89 nmol/L(P<0.01),而后呈下降趋势,细胞凋亡率随缺氧/缺糖损伤时间的延长而明显增高12 h时达到45.91%,细胞经缺氧/缺糖处理2 h后,线粒体膜电位和细胞活性分别降低29.17%(P<0.01)、38.80%(P<0.01),随着缺氧/缺糖时间的延长线粒体膜电位和细胞活性进一步下降, 12 h时分别降低56.72%(P<0.01)、63.58%(P<0.01),丹参素能显著降低细胞内[Ca2 ]i,抑制细胞凋亡的发生,提高细胞活性和线粒体膜电位,与缺氧/缺糖组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论丹参素可抑制缺氧/缺糖损伤所致的线粒体膜电位的降低,从而具有稳定线粒体膜电位的作用,抑制细胞凋亡的发生,这种作用可能与其能抑制神经细胞内钙超载有关.     

普鲁卡因通过调控miR-138抑制OGD诱导的大鼠皮层神经元损伤

探讨普鲁卡因（PROC）对氧糖剥夺（OGD）诱导大鼠皮层神经元损伤的影响及可能机制。方法 体外培养大鼠皮层神经元,用不同剂量（0.00、3.50、7.00、14.00 mg/L）PROC干预大鼠皮层神经元24 h,建立OGD模型。CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）漏出率,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,蛋白质印迹法检测活化的半胱天冬酶（cleaved-caspase）3和cleaved-caspase9蛋白表达,qRT-PCR检测细胞中miR-138表达。转染miR-138模拟物或抑制剂至大鼠皮层神经元细胞后,建立OGD模型,上述相同方法检测神经元损伤情况。结果 与对照组相比,OGD组存活率、miR-138表达降低,LDH释放率、凋亡率及cleaved-caspase3和cleaved-caspase9蛋白表达增加（均P＜0.05）。与OGD组比较,OGD+PROC-L组、OGD+PROC-M组和OGD+PROC-H组存活率、miR-138表达增加,LDH释放率、凋亡率及cleaved-caspase3和cleaved-caspase9蛋白表达降低（均P＜0.05）。过表达miR-138后,OGD诱导的大鼠皮层神经元存活率增加,LDH漏出率、凋亡率及cleaved-caspase3和cleaved-caspase9蛋白表达降低（均P＜0.05）。敲减miR-138可逆转PROC对OGD诱导大鼠皮层神经元损伤的影响。结论PROC可能通过上调miR-138,抑制OGD诱导的大鼠皮层神经元损伤     

加味四逆散对应激性海马神经元损伤的保护作用

【目的】研究调肝方药加味四逆散对应激性海马神经元损伤的保护作用。【方法】运用大鼠海马原代无血清培养技术进行海马神经元原代培养,以高浓度皮质酮(CORT)和谷氨酸(Glu)建立应激性海马损伤的体外药理模型,制备体积分数10%加味四逆散含药血清。检测各组海马神经元存活率(四甲基偶氮唑盐法)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量、细胞凋亡率(流式细胞仪法)以及细胞游离Ca2+浓度(Fura-2荧光探针法)。【结果】高浓度CORT和Glu使海马神经元细胞存活率显著下降、LDH漏出量显著增加、细胞凋亡率显著升高以及细胞内游离Ca2+浓度显著升高(P0.01)。体积分数10%加味四逆散含药血清能显著提高高浓度CORT、Glu条件下海马神经元的存活率,降低细胞凋亡率,减少LDH漏出量,并能降低神经元内游离Ca2+浓度(P0.05或P0.01)。【结论】调肝方药加味四逆散对应激性海马损伤具有明显的保护效应。     

雌激素对星形胶质细胞缺氧缺糖损伤的影响

目的 研究雌激素对缺氧、缺糖诱导的鼠脑星形胶质细胞(As)损伤和凋亡的影响.方法 原代培养大鼠大脑皮层星形胶质细胞,并建立缺氧、缺糖诱导的细胞损伤模型;用不同终浓度的雌激素(1～100nmnol/L)预处理星形胶质细胞,以吉姆萨染色观察细胞形态学变化,以四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)还原实验检测细胞活力,以乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率作为细胞损伤指标,以流式细胞术检测凋亡细胞.结果 缺氧、缺糖处理后可引起细胞活力下降,LDH漏出率增高,细胞凋亡率增高.雌激素预处理后,与缺氧、缺糖损伤组相比,细胞活力增高、LDH漏出率降低,同时细胞凋亡率也降低(p＜0.05),最大效应剂量为20nmol/L.结论 雌激素能够减轻缺氧、缺糖诱导的鼠脑星形胶质细胞损伤、降低其凋亡率,并呈一定的剂量依赖关系.     

雌激素对星形胶质细胞缺氧缺糖损伤的影响

目的研究雌激素对缺氧、缺糖诱导的鼠脑星形胶质细胞(As)损伤和凋亡的影响。方法原代培养大鼠大脑皮层星形胶质细胞,并建立缺氧、缺糖诱导的细胞损伤模型;用不同终浓度的雌激素(1~100nmol/L)预处理星形胶质细胞,以吉姆萨染色观察细胞形态学变化,以四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)还原实验检测细胞活力,以乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率作为细胞损伤指标,以流式细胞术检测凋亡细胞。结果缺氧、缺糖处理后可引起细胞活力下降,LDH漏出率增高,细胞凋亡率增高。雌激素预处理后,与缺氧、缺糖损伤组相比,细胞活力增高、LDH漏出率降低,同时细胞凋亡率也降低(p&lt;0.05),最大效应剂量为20nmol/L。结论雌激素能够减轻缺氧、缺糖诱导的鼠脑星形胶质细胞损伤、降低其凋亡率,并呈一定的剂量依赖关系。     

人参首乌方对缺氧复氧诱导的皮质神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨人参首乌方(RSSW)降低缺血性脑损伤、保护神经元的作用及机制.方法 原代培养大鼠皮质神经元,Na2 S2 O4造成缺氧/复氧损伤模型,分为正常组、模型组、依达拉奉阳性药组、RSSW高、中、低剂量组,通过Hoechst 33258染色及流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率,生化测定细胞内内源性超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、活性氧(ROS)、过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)和线粒体膜电位(MMP)及细胞培养上清液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平,ELISA检测细胞内凋亡蛋白Caspase-3,9的活力,Western blot检测其抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达.结果 RSSW能升高细胞SOD活性,提高GSH及MMP水平,减少细胞内ROS、MDA生成和LDH漏出,抑制Caspase-3,9的活性,具有显著的抗氧化活性,上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达,剂量依赖性抑制神经细胞元凋亡.结论 RSSW对氧化应激损伤诱导的神经细胞凋亡有保护作用,其机制可能与其增加细胞内源性抗氧化剂、改善Bcl-2蛋白的表达及抑制Caspase-3和Caspase-9的活性相关.     

通脑灵对原代培养大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞缺氧/缺糖损伤的保护作用

目的:研究缺氧/缺糖对皮层神经细胞的损伤及通脑灵颗粒剂对其保护作用。方法:取体外原代培养8d的大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞,换以低糖无血清培养基,并置于95%N2和5%CO2的缺氧罐中5h造成神经细胞缺氧。用神经细胞存活率及神经细胞线粒体活性来评价神经细胞活力;用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量作为评价损伤的指标。结果:原代培养皮层神经细胞缺氧5h,再给氧24h后,神经细胞存活率及线粒体活性明显降低,LDH释放量显著增加。通脑灵颗粒剂可显著对抗缺氧/缺糖对皮层神经细胞的损伤,剂量依赖地抑制LDH释放量的增加。结论:通脑灵颗粒剂对皮层神经细胞缺氧/缺糖损伤具有保护作用。     

银杏内酯对缺氧诱导的大鼠皮层神经元早期凋亡的影响

目的：观察银杏内酯(ginkgolide，Gin)对缺氧诱导的大鼠皮层神经元凋亡的保护作用。方法：选用胎龄14～16d的SD胎鼠的大脑皮层细胞进行原代培养，建立缺氧神经元损伤模型。实验分为药物实验组(Gin组)、空白对照组、阳性对照组(MK-801)，每组均进行有糖和无糖培养两种处理。应用MTT法分析细胞存活率、AnnexinV-PE双标流式细胞仪法定量分析细胞早期凋亡。结果：MTT结果显示，Gin使皮层神经元存活率明显增加，且有糖的缺氧组皮层神经元存活率优于无糖组；流式细胞仪测定结果显示，预先加入Gin(终浓度37．5μg／m1)的一组神经元的凋亡峰明显低于空白组，而无糖处理组凋亡峰均高于有糖处理组。结论：银杏内酯(37．5μg/ml)对缺氧损伤的皮层神经元具有保护作用，可拮抗缺氧条件下体外培养的皮层神经元的早期凋亡。     

党参总皂苷抗缺氧缺糖再给氧诱导大鼠星形胶质细胞损伤的作用

目的以原代培养的大鼠大脑星形胶质细胞进行缺氧缺糖再给氧处理,观察党参总皂苷对星形胶质细胞损伤的保护作用。方法1 d龄W istar大鼠乳鼠大脑星形胶质细胞原代培养,含连二亚硫酸钠的无糖Earle’s液进行缺氧缺糖处理造模,MTT法测定细胞存活率,Hoechst 33342和PI原位双染法荧光显微镜观察细胞形态学变化和细胞坏死、凋亡率,比色法测定LDH漏出率,评价药效。结果与模型组比较,党参总皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅲ组均能显著提高细胞存活率(P<0.01),党参总皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均能显著降低细胞坏死率(P<0.01),党参总皂苷各组对细胞凋亡率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但均能显著降低细胞LDH漏出率(P<0.01)。结论党参总皂苷对缺血再灌注损伤后星形胶质细胞的坏死具有显著抑制作用,但对凋亡过程无保护作用,提示党参总皂苷是党参治疗中风病急性期的主要效应成分。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.