压力—流率测定在诊断膀胱出口梗阻中的意义

对４２例前列腺病症候群患者进行压力－流率测定，３５例被诊断为膀胱出口梗阻，７例排尿异常症状为逼尿肌功能异常所致。与单纯尿流率测定结果比较，压力－流率测定可以降低假阳性及假阴性率，为诊断膀胱出口梗阻的最佳方法，具有重要的临床意义。     

P－Q图及A－G图诊断前列腺增生性膀胱出口梗阻

对１０８例临床拟诊为前列腺增生症患者进行压力－流率测定，应用Ｐ－Ｑ图诊断膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ），着重阐述诊断方法及价值，并与Ａ－Ｇ图诊断结果相比较．表明Ｐ－Ｑ图在ＢＯＯ诊断及其疗效评价等方面均具有重要价值，值得临床推广应用。     

P—Q图及A—G图诊断前列腺增生性膀胱出口梗阻

对１０８例临床拟诊为前列腺增生症患者进行压力－流率测定，应用Ｐ－Ｑ图诊断膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ），着重阐述诊断方法及价值，并与Ａ－Ｇ图诊断结果相比较，表明Ｐ－Ｑ图在ＢＯＯ诊断及其疗效评价等方面均具有重要价值，值得临床推广应用。     

压力-流率测定与BPH术后症状改善的关系

目的：搪塞术前测定压力－流率是否能预测前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）前列切除术的手术效果。方法：对有完整压力－流率测定资料的５２名ＢＰＨ患者术前及术后５￣１１个月的有列腺症状评分和生活质量评分进行了分析。结果：根据压力－流率测定值将患者分为重度梗阻、中度梗阻、可疑或无梗阻３个组，各组手术满意率分别为８９．５％、８１．８％和５４．５％。结论：压力－流率测定诊断存在膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ）者手术治疗可以满意效果     

10F膀胱测压管对膀胱出口梗阻诊断的影响

我院2000年3月购入美国LABORIE公司制造的尿动力仪,在应用随机附送的10F双腔膀胱测压管行压力-流率测定时,发现同一患者所测得的最大尿流率(Qmax)与单纯尿流率测定时的Qmax差异较大,并影响膀胱出口梗阻的诊断,为此,我们应用两种不同直径的膀胱测压管分别为46例BPH患者进行同期压力-流率测定,并对结果进行分析,报告如下。     

前列腺增生症尿动力学检查的临床研究

目的 评价尿动力学检查(UDS)在良性前列腺增生症(BPH)诊治中的意义。方法 对102例BPH病人进行详细尿动力学检查,包括尿流率、充盈期膀胱测压、压力-流率测定、残余尿测定,应用P-Q图进行分析是否存在膀胱出口梗阻。术后随访,行残余尿、尿流率测定。结果 尿流率Qmax<15ml/s 98例;低顺应性膀胱17例,高顺应性膀胱22例,顺应性正常63例;通尿肌不稳定42例;通尿肌收缩力正常或增强84例,减弱18例;压力-流率测定P-Q图示膀胱出口梗阻84例;残余尿<100ml 50例,>100 ml 52例。术后随访80例症状消失,排尿顺畅。结论 尿流动力学检查能明确BPH有无膀胱出口梗阻、逼尿肌的顺应性和收缩功能,对术前合理选择病人和提高手术疗效有重要意义。     

逼尿肌收缩强度与膀胱排空能力关系的研究

目的：研究逼尿机收缩强度[detrusor contraction strength，又称Watts factor（WF），瓦特因子]与膀胱排空能力的关系。方法：126例患埏，年龄13－78岁，平均56岁。包括良性前列腺增生61例，女性下尿路综合征39例，压力性尿失禁19例，尿道狭窄7例。常规方法行尿流率、压力－流率测定。采用WF等为研究参，将患者按照有无梗阻分组，比较最大尿流率（Qmax)、剩余尿（PVR）、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压（PQmax）、最大逼尿肌收缩强度（WFmax），将患者按照有无剩余尿分组，比较最大逼尿肌收缩强度。结果：有梗阻组最大尿流率低，剩余尿多，PQmax及WFmax明显增高；有剩余尿组WFmax值明显低于无剩余尿组。结论：膀胱出口梗阻时，WF增加但作用有限。剩余的产生与梗阻密切相关，也与逼尿肌活动低下密切相关。研究WF或收缩力时要考虑梗阻因素。     

尿动力学测定对前列腺增生患者逼尿肌不稳定的应用价值

为探讨膀胱出口梗阻患者逼尿肌不稳定的情况，对８３例存在膀胱出口梗阻的前列腺增生患者进行尿动力学测定。结果表明：４０例（４８．２％）患者出现逼尿肌不稳定，压力－流率测定发现该组病例排尿期逼尿肌各压力值均增高，尤以膀胱颈部开口压增高为显著，不稳定组为１３．２±３．４ｋｐａ，稳定组为８．２±２．４ｋＰａ，不稳定组开口压增高速率（０．９±０．１ｋＰａ／ｓ）明显大于逼尿肌稳定组（０．３±０．１ｋＰａ／ｓ）；随开口压增高，逼尿肌不稳定的发生率相应增高。长期高压力、高输出状态可能为逼尿肌无抑制性收缩的形成条件     

前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻程度对尿动力学指标的影响

目的探讨前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻程度对尿动力学指标的影响及临床意义。方法分析113例前列腺增生患者的尿动力学资料,根据膀胱出口有无梗阻分为梗阻组和非梗阻组,梗阻组又根据梗阻级别分Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ级四组。结果梗阻组的最大尿流率、膀胱顺应性值和逼尿肌收缩力减弱发生率明显低于非梗阻组,逼尿肌不稳定和急性尿潴留发生率明显高于非梗阻组。梗阻组内各梗阻级别之间在顺应性值、逼尿肌不稳定和急性尿潴留的发生率上无显著性差异,随梗阻级别增加尿流率和逼尿肌收缩功能受损发生率下降。结论一些反映排尿异常和逼尿肌功能的尿动力学指标受膀胱出口梗阻程度影响,在无法进行压力/流率分析时综合分析这些指标有助于判断出口梗阻及其程度。     

经超声逼尿肌厚度测定在无创诊断女性膀胱出口梗阻中的应用

目的 探讨经超声逼尿肌厚度测定在女性膀胱出口梗阻诊断中的应用价值.方法 93例伴有LUTS的女性患者,行压力流率测定过程中,当膀胱容量为250 ml或最大膀胱容量的50％时,应用7.5 MHz高频线纵超声探头测定膀胱前壁逼尿肌厚度.以Qmax≤12 ml/s以及最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力≥25 cm H2O(1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa)作为诊断女性膀胱出口梗阻的标准,将患者分为梗阻及非梗阻两组,比较两组年龄、尿动力学参数及逼尿肌厚度的差异.应用相对工作特征曲线评价逼尿肌厚度测定作为诊断工具的价值. 结果 梗阻组42例,非梗阻组51例.两组年龄分别为(61.2±8.3)、(59.9±7.7)岁(P=0.44),最大膀胱灌注容量分别为(292.2±82.3)、(308.1±87.5)ml(P =0.37),组间比较差异均无统计学意义;两组最大逼尿肌压力[(43.1±11.2)、(16.2±7.1)cm H2O,P=0.00]、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力[(34.3±8.2)、(13.1±7.8)cm H2O,P=0.00]、Qmax[(7.4±3.2)、(17.4±4.1)ml/s,P=0.00]、排尿量[(157.1±63.7)、(251.2±77.4)ml,P=0.00]、残余尿量[(117.5±71.3)、(37.7±18.1)ml,P=0.00]及逼尿肌厚度[(1.8±0.3)、(1.4±0.2)mm,P =0.00]比较差异均有统计学意义.当临界值≥1.9 mm时,特异性和阳性预测值均为100％,敏感性为38％,阴性预测值为62％.其曲线下面积为0.88±0.06. 结论 经超声逼尿肌厚度测定诊断女性膀胱出口梗阻具有无创、方便、可靠的特点.当临界值≥1.9 mm时,具有较高的特异度和阳性预测值,在一定程度上可取代压力流率测定.     

Prognostic value of pressure-flow study in surgical treatment of benign prostatic obstruction

The prognostic value of pressure-flow study (P-FS) in the surgical treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) was retrospectively studied in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. In 74 patients who underwent surgical treatment for BOO, P-FS and free uroflowmetry were performed pre- and postoperatively. On P-FS, obstruction and detrusor contractility were analyzed according to the Schäfer nomogram. The patients were classified into the following 3 groups according to their preoperative P-FS: group A consisted of 39 patients with normal detrusors and obstruction (obstruction grade?3–6); group B consisted of 13 patients with weak detrusors and obstruction; and group C included 22 patients with weak or very weak detrusors combined with minimal obstruction, if any (obstruction grade?0–2). Postoperatively, the detrusor pressure at maximal flow rate and obstruction grades on P-FS improved significantly in groups A and B but not in group C. The rate of improvement was most prominent in group A, followed by groups B and C. On free uroflowmetry, however, a significant improvement occurred in all three groups with respect to maximal flow rate, average flow rate, and postvoid residue. Moreover, the rate did not differ among the three groups except for the maximal flow rate as determined between groups A and C. Although good detrusor contractility and evident obstruction on analysis of P-FS will guarantee the best surgical outcome, subjects with weak detrusors and minimal obstruction will also have a good outcome by the relief of BOO. In the weak detrusor, P-FS may be limited in diagnosing obstruction and have a low prognostic value, and such patients should not necessarily be excluded from surgical indications.     

Analysis of the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients after prostatectomy

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the pathophysiology of persistent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients after transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). METHODS: A total of 185 patients who had persistent LUTS after TURP were enrolled into this study. All of these patients underwent multichannel videourodynamic studies and were classified into 6 groups according to the urodynamic results. Preoperative prostate volume, resected adenoma weight, and preoperative Q(max) were determined in each of the groups and the symptomatology and urodynamic findings were compared. RESULTS: A normal videourodynamic tracing was found in 17 patients (9.1%), pure detrusor instability in 18 (9.6%), low detrusor contractility in 35 (18.7%), detrusor instability and inadequate detrusor contractility (DHIC) in 27 (14.4%), poor relaxation of the urethral sphincter in 36 (19.3%), and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in 52 (27.8%). Incontinence was noted in 74 patients (40%), and 18 of them had BOO (24.3%). In urodynamic findings, Q(max) and residual urine showed no significant difference among patients with low contractility, poor relaxation of sphincter, DHIC and BOO. Concerning the preoperative prostatic volume, patients with low contractility, poor relaxation of urethral sphincter, and DHIC had a nonsignificantly smaller prostate volume and resected prostate weight than other groups. Preoperative Q(max) showed no significant difference among all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms alone are unreliable in predicting urodynamic findings with respect to obstruction and detrusor instability after TURP. Over half of the patients with persistent LUTS had a small prostate volume and small resected adenoma weight, indicating that some of these patients may not have had BOO. Videourodynamic study is helpful in making an accurate diagnosis for refractory LUTS after TURP.     

良性前列腺增生患者逼尿肌功能的评估和治疗对策

目的　为了解良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者产生下尿路症状的成因,为正确诊治下尿路症状提供准确的证据。　方法　采用尿动力学方法分析无神经系统疾病的良性前列腺增生患者的膀胱尿道功能。　结果　164例良性前列腺增生患者,平均年龄67±7.04岁,膀胱出口梗阻者占61.6％（101/164）,无梗阻者占38.4％（63/164）;逼尿肌收缩力正常者为83%（136/164）,逼尿肌收缩力减弱者17％（28/164）,以上各组之间I-PSS评分和年龄无显著性差异。膀胱出口无梗阻者中逼尿肌收缩力减弱者占44.4%（28/63）,逼尿肌收缩力正常占55.6％（35/63）。在膀胱出口无梗阻者中,逼尿肌收缩力减弱合并不稳定膀胱患者为28.6％（8/28）,而逼尿肌收缩力正常合并不稳定膀胱患者57.1％（20/35）,膀胱出口无梗阻逼尿肌收缩力减弱合并不稳定膀胱患者明显少于膀胱出口无梗阻逼尿肌收缩力正常者（P＜0.02）,两组患者I-PSS评分和膀胱顺应性均无明显差异。　结论　BPH患者下尿路症状的产生不仅与前列腺增生引起的膀胱出口梗阻有关,部分患者并不存在膀胱出口梗阻,其下尿路症状的成因为逼尿肌功能变化所致,尿动力学检查能为下尿路症状患者的诊治提供可靠的依据。     

Prognostic value of a combination of IPSS,flow rate and residual urine volume compared to pressure-flow studies in the preoperative evaluation of symptomatic BPH

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the predictive value of a combination of IPSS, uroflowmetry and ultrasound determination of residual urine volume in the determination of bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) and in predicting treatment outcome. METHODS: Forty-five out of a group of 60 BPH symptomatic patients were included. Preoperative evaluation: urine culture, PSA, uroflowmetry with sonographic measurement of post-void residual urine, DRE, IPSS with quality of life questions and pressure-flow study. Selection criteria for surgery were IPSS > 16 and Qmax < 10 ml/s. Transurethral resection of the prostate was performed in these patients; the control visit was performed at 3 months. Treatment success was defined as Qmax above 15 ml/s, residual urine of less than 100 ml, a 50% reduction in IPSS and absence of urinary retention. RESULTS: Urodynamic abnormalities were found in 42 patients (93.3%): 19 had detrusor instability, 5 patients showed impaired contractility, 37 patients had proven BOO, and 8 patients were unobstructed or mildly obstructed. The overall success rate was 86% when measured by the IPSS. Its preoperative value was 16.9, and dropped significantly to 4 (P = 0.005). The score improved significantly after surgery only in the obstructed group compared to the non-obstructed group (P = 0.001), however preoperative IPSS did not correlate with objective treatment results. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of patients successfully operated (71.1%) had a combination of IPSS > 16 and Qmax < 10 ml/s, although BOO could not be accurately predicted with non-invasive methods alone. Patients with no or mild infravesical obstruction had only minimal improvement of IPSS and uroflowmetry following surgery.     

膀胱出口梗阻对逼尿肌兴奋性、收缩性及顺应性影响的实验研究

目的 探讨膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ）对逼尿肌兴奋性、收缩性、顺应性的影响及逼尿肌不稳定（ＤＩ）的发病机理。方法 建立Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠ＢＯＯ动物模型,６周后行充盈性膀胱测压及离体逼尿肌条机械牵拉、电及胆碱类药物刺激试验。结果 ＢＯＯ后ＤＩ的发生率为６９％,逼尿肌顺应性升高;ＤＩ组与梗阻后稳定组及正常对照组相比,牵引逼尿肌致其出现心地的张力明显了低,电刺激产生的收缩力明显减弱;ＤＩ组逼尿肌胆碱类药物刺激产     

前列腺增生致膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌功能改变对尿动力学参数的影响

目的探讨良性前列腺增生症（BPH）致膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）后逼尿肌功能改变对尿动力学参数的影响。方法109例具有完整尿动力学结果的BPH患者根据有无B00分为梗阻组和非梗阻组;梗阻组根据梗阻级别分Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ级4组;逼尿肌收缩力分为逼尿肌收缩力减弱（DCA）与收缩力正常组;逼尿肌不稳定（DI）分DI与非DI;膀胱顺应性（BC）分高、正常、低顺应性三组;28例患者行经尿道前列腺切除术（TURP）术前及术后尿动力参数对比。结果BOO组的前列腺体积（PV）、国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、DI、急性尿潴留（AUR）发生率明显高于非BOO组（P〈O．05）;BOO组的最大尿流率（Qmax）、BC值、DCA发生率明显低于非BOO组（P〈0．05）;逼尿肌收缩力正常组的残余尿（RV）与BC值明显低于减弱组（P〈0．05）,而BOO和DI的发生率明显高于减弱组（P〈0．01）;DI组的年龄、BC值及DCA的发生率明显低于非DI组（P〈0．05）,而B00级别和AUR的发生率明显高于非DI组（P〈0．01）;低BC组IPSS、BOO级别、AUR发生率明显高于正常及高BC组（P〈0．05）,而DCA发生率明显低于正常及高BC组（P〈0．01）;术后Qmax、BC值较术前明显升高（P〈0．05）,RV、IPSS、DI发生率较术前明显减小（P〈0．01）。结论①BOO常与低顺应性膀胱、DI、AUR合并存在;②IPSS评分不能提示是否存在DI,DI的存在不影响IPSS评分;③TURP是治疗前列腺增生的金标准;④尿动力检查能全面了解有无BOO及BOO所致逼尿肌功能改变情况,对BPH的临床鉴别诊断、预后估计及选择恰当治疗方案都具有重要意义。     

Bladder outlet obstruction versus impaired detrusor contractility: the role of outflow

The uroflow curves of 45 men with either bladder outlet obstruction or impaired detrusor contractility were retrospectively reviewed. The definitive diagnoses were attained by clinical and video-urodynamic studies with simultaneous detrusor pressure and uroflow measurements. Eight parameters were analyzed to determine if uroflow can differentiate obstruction from impaired contractility. There were no differences between the 2 groups in any of the parameters. This finding suggests that uroflowmetry as a single examination cannot distinguish between bladder outlet obstruction and impaired detrusor contractility.