硒对镉致孕鼠体内微量元素分布改变的影响

研究了口服硒对镉致孕鼠体微量元素分布改变的影响。结果表明，１．镉中毒可使血液，肝和肾组织中镉，铜含量显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）；锌和硒含量显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）血锰降低，肾锰升高，肝脏中锰无明显变化。２．口服硒后镉在血液，肝和肾中含量减少，血液中铜含量显著高于镉中毒和对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），肝和肾中铜含量显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），锌和硒含量显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），血锰升高，而肝，肾中锰水平降低（     

母体锌水平与胎儿畸形相关性研究──Ⅱ．有畸胎史妇女口服复方锌制剂后体内微量元素含量的变化

用美国ＰＥ－Ｚｅｅｍａｎ５０００型原子吸收分光光度计测定了３１例有畸胎史妇女口服复方锌制剂前后血清微量元素铜、锌、锰、硒和镉的含量，并与健康妇女血清中铜、锌、锰、硒、镉含量进行比较。结果表明，有畸胎史妇女血清锌、锰、硒含量显著低于健康妇女（Ｐ＜０．０１），镉含量显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；服复方锌制剂１月后，血清中锌、锰、硒含量显著高于服药前（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清镉显著低于服药前（Ｐ＜０．０１），除硒以外，与健康妇女差异均无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），服药前后血清铜水平与健康妇女差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示有畸胎史妇女妊娠前因体内缺乏锌，锰、硒而致畸者镉元素水平较高，口服复方锌制剂后不仅可提高体内锌水平，而且可加强体内锰、硒的吸收，拮抗镉的吸收，使锰、硒、镉水平得到调整，使之趋于正平衡。     

硒对镉致胚胎和母体毒作用的拮抗研究

通过Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠实验探讨了不同剂量的硒对镉致胚胎畸形、对母鼠毒性及体内镉分布的拮抗作用。结果１．Ｄ组（４μｇ／ｍｌ硒水组）对镉致胚胎毒性有明显抑制效果，Ａ组（镉中毒组）畸胎率和胚胎吸收率分别为４．９５％和３９．５％，而Ｄ组分别为０％和２．７１％；且随硒剂量的增加胚胎吸收率升高，活胎平均体重降低。２．Ｄ组对镉致母鼠生长发育迟缓有显著拮抗作用，而Ｂ组（８μｇ／ｍｌ硒水）和Ｃ组（１６μｇ／ｍｌ硒水）对镉的毒性无明显抑制效果。提示硒对镉致胚胎和母鼠毒性拮抗作用与硒剂量有关。３．Ｄ组血液、肝脏和肾脏中镉蓄积量显著低于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ａ组血液和肾脏中硒含量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），肝硒含量无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），提示硒与镉在体内有相互拮抗关系。     

II.有畸胎史妇女口服复方锌制剂后体内微量元素含量的变化

用美国ＰＥ－Ｚｅｅｍａｎ５０００型原子吸收分光光度计测定了３１例有畸胎史妇女口服复方锌制剂前后血清微量元素铜，锌，锰，硒和镉的含量，并与健康妇女血清中铜，锌，锰，硒，镉含量进行比较结果表明，有畸胎史妇女血清锌，锰，硒含量显著低于健康妇女（Ｐ〈０．０１），镉含量显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）；服复方锌制剂１月后，血清中锌，锰，硒含量显著高于服药前（Ｐ〈０．０１），血清镉显著低于服药前（Ｐ〈０．０１），除硒     

母体锌水平与胎儿畸形相关性研究──Ⅰ．复方锌制剂拮抗镉致畸作用的研究

用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠进行实验，探讨不同剂量的有机锌拮抗镉致胚胎畸形、胚胎吸收、活胎体重及孕鼠体重的作用和对孕鼠体内镉含量的影响。结果表明，１．不同剂量的锌对镉的上述毒作用均有抑制作用，以３００μｇ／ｍｌ锌水组拮抗作用最为明显，畸胎率和胚胎吸收率分别降至０和１．３，活胎平均体重显著高于镉中毒组（Ｐ＜０．０１），与正常对照组相比差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），孕鼠体重增长百分率与对照组相近。２．补锌后孕鼠血液、肝和肾中锌含量显著升高，镉显著降低。     

急性白血病患者外周血和骨髓单个核细胞内微量元素的变化

测定了２８例急性白血病患者外周血和骨髓单个核细胞内铜、锌、镍、硒含量，结果表明：外周血单个核细胞内锌含量降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）、镍含量和硒含量升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），骨髓单个核细胞内铜含量升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），锌含量降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）、硒含量升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），外周血和骨髓单个核细胞内Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值增大（分别为Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０１），认为微量元素的变化与ＡＬ发生可能存在某种本质联系。     

分娩孕妇全血头发及新生儿脐血羊水中锌铜铁硒含量的研究

目的探讨分娩孕妇血液、头发、脐血、羊水中微量元素锌、铜、铁、硒的含量及其间的关系与新生几营养状况生长发育关系。方法对４０例分娩孕妇血液、头发、脐血、羊水进行了微量元素的含量分析。采用原子吸收光谱和荧光分光光度法，并对所测定的微量元素锌、铜、铁、硒在各样中含量进行了相关分析。结果母全血锌、铜含量明显高于脐血（Ｐ＜０．０１），而铁、硒含量则反之，母血明显低于脐血（Ｐ＜０．０１）。母血中铁与锌、硒含量呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；脐血中铜与锌、铁，铁与硒含量呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０５）；羊水中锋与铜铁、硒含量呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。样品间锌含量母血与脐血、母发是正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０５）；铁、硒含量母血与脐上呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。母血铜与新生儿体重、身长呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论显示各样中微量元素含量及微量元素间平衡协同的相互作用。胎儿生长发育有依赖于母体微量元素作用。     

锌和硒对镉诱导的大鼠体内脂质过氧化的拮抗研究

研究了镉中毒引起的大鼠体内脂质过氧化反应及口服锌和硒对此反应的拮抗作用。结果表明，１．镉中毒后使体内脂质过氧化反应增强，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量显著升高，过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ）活性显著降低。表明镉致组织损伤的重要原因是脂质过氧化反应增强，自由基生成增多。２．口服锌水和硒水抑制组血清、肝和肾中ＭＤＡ含量显著低于镉中毒组，而ＣＡＴ和ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ活性显著升高。表明锌、硒对镉引起的脂质过氧化有明显的拮抗作用，可提高抗氧化系统酶的活性，有效地清除自由基，从而保护了细胞膜结构及其功能免受损伤。     

1,2-二甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮对家兔血清及组织铝、铜、锌、锰促排作用的研究

研究了螯合剂１，２－二甲基－３－羟基－４－吡啶酮（ｄｅｆｅｒｉｐｒｏｎｅ）对荷铝兔血清及组织铝、铜、锌、锰的动员和促排作用。结果表明，给螯合剂后荷铝对照组血清中铝浓度与ｄｅｆｅｒｉｐｒｏｎｅ组差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；后者在给螯合剂前后差异亦有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；前者无显著性变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。荷铝对照组肝、肾、脑、骨组织中铝含量与ｄｅ－ｆｅｒｉｐｒｏｎｅ组差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；铜、锌、锰含量无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示用ｄｅｆｅｒｉｐｒｏｎｅ能排出显著机体中铝，对微量元素铜、锌、锰的排出无影响。     

情感性精神病患者头发锌,铜,铁,钙,镁测定

了解情感性精神病患者头发锌、铜、铁、钙、镁含量变化。方法测定３８例情感性精神病患者头发锌、铜、铁、钙、镁的含量，并与４５例精神分裂症患者及５０例健康自愿者作对照。结果（１）情感性精神病患者（包括躁狂症、抑郁症）头发锌、镁较对照组降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而铜、铁、钙则增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）情感性精神病患者头发锌／铜比例较健康自愿者明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）情感性精神病患者头发铜含量较精神分裂症患者增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而镁则降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），（４）躁狂症与抑郁症比较，上述微量元素无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论情感性精神病患者体内存在着微量元素代谢异常的表现，但情感性精神病与体内微量元素异常变化间的联系尚待进一步揭示。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.