99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像评价急、慢性肾功能衰竭

目的 探讨99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像对急、慢性肾功能衰竭患者评价.方法 采用99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像,应用Gates法计算急性肾功能衰竭11例、慢性肾功能衰竭14例.在设定全肾ROI及肾皮质ROI时的GFR值,均采用99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像,分别测两组肾脏与腹主动脉的平均放射性计数比值(K/A)、功能相肾脏摄取高峰值(KP)、肾小球滤过率(GFR).结果 经统计学分析两组间K/A、KP、GFR等各参数均有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论 由肾皮质ROI计算GFR值可更灵敏、更准确地反映急、慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能改变.     

血清β2-微球蛋白对食道癌、肝癌及肠癌辅助诊断的价值

目的 探讨血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)对食道癌、肝癌及肠癌辅助诊断的价值.方法 选择2009年10月-2011年5月我院食道癌、肝癌及肠癌患者226例(肿瘤组),正常体检人群200例作为对照(对照组).用化学发光法测定正常人群、肿瘤患者血清β2-MG,并对其结果进行统计学处理.结果 肿瘤组β2-MG的含量高于对照组[(4513.2±619.8) ng/ml vs.(1668.3±88.9) ng/ml,P＜0.05];两组人群中,年龄51-80岁血清中β2-MG含量高于年龄30-50岁者(P＜0.05).食道癌、肝癌、肠癌三种不同肿瘤患者中,肝癌β2-MG阳性检出率最高,血清β2-MG含量最高.结论 血清β2-MG含量在食道癌、肝癌、肠癌患者中增高,对其相关肿瘤的辅助诊断有一定的临床意义.     

妊娠合并糖尿病待产孕妇的肾功能分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并糖尿病与肾功能损害的关系.方法 住院待产单胎妊娠孕妇645例分为五组 :正常妊娠孕妇(A 组 ,100例) ,妊娠期糖尿病(GDM )(B组 ,247例) ,糖尿病合并妊娠(C组 ,36例) ,子痫前期合并GDM (D组 ,82例) ,子痫前期(E组 ,180例).检测并比较五组孕妇的血清肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)和肾小球滤过率(GFR).结果 E组、D组的UA、SCr高于其他三组 ,GRF低于其他三组(P＜0 .05);C组的 UA高于B组和 A组(P＜0 .05).E组、D组出现肾功能损害(GFR＜90 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 )的发生率高于其他三组(P＜0 .05);E组BUN异常的发生率高于其他四组(P＜0 .05).结论 妊娠期肾功能的损害主要源于子痫前期 ,而非糖尿病.UA和GFR是临床监测肾功能较为敏感的指标.     

肾移植术后动态监测血清胱抑素C变化的临床意义

目的:探讨肾移植患者血清胱抑素C(Cystatin c,Cys C)与肾功能的关系.方法:动态检测29例肾移植术后无明显并发症的患者术前、术后第1、3、5、7天血清Cys C、肌酐(SCr)和尿素氮(BUN)浓度.于术前以99Tcm-DTPA血浆清除率(双血浆法)测定肾移植患者肾小球滤过率(GFR).分析移植组术前Cys C、SCr、BUN与GFR的相关性.同时选择20例健康体检者作为正常对照组.结果:肾移植组术前Cys C、SCr、BUN分别为(4.20±1.32)mg/L、(789.8±318.8)μmol/L和(20.72±9.16)mmol/L,对照组分别为(1.10±0.24)mg/L、(69.8±13.7)μmol/L和(4.85±1.24)mmol/L,肾移植组均高于正常对照组(t分别为12.33、9.17和10.69,P＜0.01);术后第1、3、4、7天,Cys C、SCr、BUN均低于术前水平(P＜0.01),第1天下降幅度分别为42.9%、37.4%和33.0%.术前Cys C、SCr、BUN与GFR均呈负相关(t分别为-0.892、-0.811和-0.772,P＜0.01).结论:肾移植术后可将Cys C作为监测患者肾功能动态变化的指标.     

常温心肺转流不停跳二尖瓣置换术对肾功能的影响

目的 探讨常温心肺转流(CPB)不停跳二尖瓣置换术对肾功能的影响.方法 60例二尖瓣置换术患者随机均分为不停跳组(A组)和停跳组(B组),分别于转机前(T0)、转机15 min(T1)、停机后(T2)及停机后12 h(T3)、24 h(T4)、48 h(T5)同步测定血/尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(SCr)和尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG).结果 与CPB前比较,两组CPB中和CPB后BUN和SCr均无明显改变(P＞0.05).A组T1-T3时血/尿β2-MG和尿NAG均明显高于T0(P＜0.05);T4、T5恢复正常.B组T1-T5的血/尿β2-MG和尿NAG均明显高于T0,且T4、T5时明显高于A组(P＜0.05).结论 常温不停跳二尖瓣置换术对肾功能的影响较停跳换瓣术者小.     

血清胱抑素C评价肾小球滤过率的临床意义

目的探讨应用血清胱抑素C(CysC)判断肾小球滤率的价值。方法对235例患者分别用乳胶增强免疫透射比浊法测定血清CysC的浓度及使用苦味酸速率法和酶学传导速率法测定血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN),以99Tcm-DTPA清除率测得的GFR作为评价的标准,分析CysC、Scr、BUN和GFR之间的相关性;按照GFR值将患者分4组:A组GFR≥90 ml(/min.1.73 m2),B组60~89 ml/(min.1.73 m2),C组30~59 ml(/min.1.73 m2),D组<30 ml(/min.1.73 m2),依据单侧肾小球滤过率GFR<40 ml/min(60岁以上<35 ml/min)为肾滤过功能减退依据,比较CysC、Scr、BUN 3指标诊断各组分肾GFR下降敏感度与特异度。结果 235例患者,随着GFR下降,血清CysC、BUN、Scr均逐渐升高(P<0.01),血清CysC与GFR之间呈负相关(r=-0.649,P<0.01),血清CysC与Scr、BUN之间呈正相关(r=0.850、r=0.874,P<0.01)。A、B、C组患者血清CysC诊断分肾滤过功能下降敏感度分别为58.82%、76.56%和95.51%,均优于Sc(rP<0.01)、BUN(P<0.05);A、B组患者血清CysC诊断分肾滤过功能下降特异度低于Scr、BUN(P<0.05)。结论测定血清胱抑素C的浓度用来评价肾小球滤过功能是一种可行、敏感的指标,测定方法简便,对预测早期肾损害迅速灵敏,值得临床推广应用。     

肾细胞癌患者肾小球滤过率减低的相关因素分析

目的 探讨肾细胞癌(RCC)患者肾小球滤过率(GFR)减低的相关因素.方法 98例ROC患者,术前行99m锝-二乙三胺五乙酸(99”Tcm-DTPA) GFR测定.根据有无肾功能异常(GFR＜60ml/min)分为两组,行单因素分析,与GFR下降有关的因素再进行线性相关分析和多元回归分析.结果 GFR下降组年龄高于GFR正常组(t=-3.524,P＜0.01),且有高血压病史的RCC患者GFR下降的比例更高(x2=3.902,P＜0.05).GFR与年龄、肌酐(Cr)、尿酸(UA)呈负相关(P＜0.05),与血红蛋白呈正相关(P＜0.05).年龄、Cr、UA是肾癌患者GFR减低的主要相关因素(F=15.81,P＜0.01).结论 RCC患者GFR降低是多因素作用的结果,其中年龄和高血压病史的影响较大.     

子痫前期患者肾功能的评价及其临床意义

目的探讨评价子痫前期孕妇肾功能的临床意义。方法单胎妊娠孕妇833例分为合并重度子痫前期组(A组,208例)、轻度子痫前期组(B组,215例)、妊娠期高血压组(C组,305例)和正常妊娠组(D组,105例)。检测孕妇24-h尿蛋白、血肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清尿酸(UA)和肾小球滤过率(GFR)。依据GFR水平,子痫前期孕妇分为伴肾功能损害(P1)组(GFR<90ml·min-1·1.73m-2)和无肾功能损害(P2)组(GFR≥90ml·min-1·1.73m-2),比较两组围产儿预后不良的发生率。结果与B、C和D组比较,A组24-h的血SCr、BUN和UA升高,GFR降低(P<0.05);与C、D组比较,B组24-h尿蛋白、血SCr、BUN和UA值升高,GFR值降低(P<0.05)。P1组围产儿预后不良率高于P2组(P<0.05)。结论血清UA及GFR测定可作为子痫前期严重程度及围产儿不良结局的预测指标。     

血清β2-微球蛋白和血清胱抑素C水平在高血压肾病早期肾损害中应用

目的:探究血清β2-微球蛋白和血清胱抑素C水平在高血压肾病早期肾损害中应用价值。方法:选取2017年1月～2019年1月在某院确诊为高血压肾病80例住院患者作为研究对象,设置为研究组,选取同期30例健康者作为参照组,采用日立7600全自动生化分析仪测定血清肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清胱抑素(Cys-C)水平,血清β-微球蛋白(β2-MG)采用免疫比浊法检测。结果:研究组β2-MG、SCr、BUN及Cys-C水平显著高于参照组,有统计学差异(P0.05);Cys-C及血清β2-MG检出率超过74%,BUN、SCr检出率最高为33.3%,前后指标相比,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:对于高血压肾病早期肾损害患者及时检测Cys-C及β2-MG有利于疾病得到早期诊断与治疗,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

胱抑素C测定在肾脏疾病诊断中的临床应用

目的研究肾脏疾病患者的胱抑素C(CysC)的变化以及临床应用意义。方法对60例健康体检者与60例肾脏疾病患者的血清及尿胱抑素、血清尿素(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)、肌酐清除率(Ccr)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和24h尿蛋白进行检测并比较分析。结果肾脏疾病患者组的血清及尿胱抑素与健康体检组相比具有明显差异(P<0.01),并且胱抑素的浓度和血清尿素(BUN)、血清肌酐(SCr)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)之间具有明显的相关性。结论胱抑素C可以敏感、精确的对肾小球滤过率(GFR)做出反应,并且其对GFR的反应变化情况不受到其他肾外因素干扰,是GFR的理想标志物之一,对肾脏疾病的临床诊断具有十分重要的意义。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.