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1.
目的 评价小剂量甲泼尼龙联合甲氨蝶呤和羟氯喹治疗轻中度系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者的疗效及安全性。方法 96例轻到中度系统性红斑狼疮患者,按患者就诊时间分为观察组和对照组,各48例。两组患者均给予甲氨蝶呤和羟氯喹;对照组加用双氯芬酸钠(75 mg/次,2次/d),观察组加用甲泼尼龙(4 mg/次,2次/d),两组均治疗12周。比较两组患者的疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果 两组患者经过12周的治疗,观察组有效率为91.67%,明显高于对照组的64.58%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者间狼疮疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、补体C3水平相比,差异均无统计学意义;治疗后,两组患者的SLEDAI积分、ESR、CRP、补体C3水平均较治疗前明显改善,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组比对照组改善更明显,两组间各指标相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组相比,观察组的不良反应发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 小剂量甲泼尼龙联合甲氨蝶呤和羟氯喹治疗系统性红斑狼疮疗效显著,安全性高,值得推广。  相似文献   

2.
盖楠楠  张薇 《现代药物与临床》2018,41(11):2082-2085
目的 探究甲泼尼龙联合甲氨蝶呤在治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)中的效果,并对其作用机制进行探究。方法 选取2014年1月—2017年1月于来西安市第五医院就诊120例RA患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各60例。对照组患者单纯使用甲氨蝶呤10 mg/次,1次/周,12周为1疗程;观察组在对照组基础上加用甲泼尼龙片,前4周8 mg/次,1次/d,4周逐渐减量改为2 mg/次,1次/d,12周为1疗程。治疗1周后对两组28个关节疾病活动度评分(DAS-28)进行对比,治疗12周后对两组红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)进行对比,采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)对两组患者治疗前后疼痛度进行评价。结果 治疗1周后,两组DAS-28评分均有下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组得分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12周后,两组ESR、CRP明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但观察组ESR较对照组更慢,CRP含量更少,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RF检测观察组阳性率为41.67%,低于对照组的58.33%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);VAS治疗前两组差异无统计学差异,治疗后观察组得分明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 甲泼尼龙联合甲氨蝶呤在治疗RA效果显著,其机制为甲氨蝶呤能够抑制体内T细胞的增值,起到一定免疫抑制作用,甲泼尼龙能够延缓炎症反应对关节的破坏,也能够降低甲氨蝶呤在使用过程中的不良反应,二者联合应用效果显著,值得进行临床推广。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨氨溴索联合甲泼尼龙治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的临床效果。方法 选取2015年1月—2017年1月河南科技大学第一附属医院开元院区收治的哮喘急性发作患儿78例,随机分成对照组(39例)和治疗组(39例)。对照组静脉滴注注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠,1 mg/kg加入5%葡萄糖注射液100 mL,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上静脉滴注盐酸氨溴索注射液,15 mg加入5%葡萄糖注射液100 mL,2次/d。两组均连续治疗7 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者症状体征缓解时间、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)值、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)水平、儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)评分、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/调节性T细胞(Treg)比值。结果 治疗后,对照组的总有效率为79.5%,显著低于治疗组的94.9%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患儿喘息、咳嗽、气促、哮鸣音、湿罗音症状体征缓解时间比对照组显著缩短(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组FEV1%、FEV1/FVC值和C-ACT评分均明显增加(P<0.05),FeNO水平显著下降(P<0.05),且治疗后治疗组这些理化指标及C-ACT评分比对照组改善更明显(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清IFN-γ浓度显著升高(P<0.05),血清IL-4水平及外周血Th17/Treg比率显著降低(P<0.05),且治疗组IFN-γ、IL-4和Th17/Treg比对照组改善更明显(P<0.05)。结论 氨溴索联合甲泼尼龙治疗儿童哮喘急性发作疗效显著,可迅速减轻患儿症状,提高肺通气功能,改善气道炎症,缓解哮喘病情。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨人血白蛋白联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗病毒性脑炎的效果。方法 选择濮阳市油田总医院2016年1月至2018年2月收治的病毒性脑炎患儿86例,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=43)与观察组(n=43)。对照组采用地塞米松治疗,观察组采用人血白蛋白联合注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠短期冲击治疗,治疗14 d后比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后脑脊液牛乳糖凝集素-9(Gal-9)及肺泡表面活性物质相关蛋白D (SP-D)水平、免疫功能(IgA、IgG、IgM)。结果 观察组总有效率93.02%(40/43),高于对照组的76.74%(33/43),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组脑脊液Gal-9水平较治疗前降低,脑脊液SP-D水平较治疗前升高,且治疗后观察组脑脊液Gal-9水平低于对照组,脑脊液SP-D水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者IgA、IgG、IgM水平较治疗前升高,且观察组IgA、IgG、IgM水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 采用人血白蛋白联合注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠短期冲击治疗病毒性脑炎可有效改善患者脑脊液Gal-9及SP-D水平,调节机体免疫功能,提高治疗效果。  相似文献   

5.
目的 分析小剂量甲泼尼龙对脓毒血症患者疗效及对免疫细胞的影响。方法 回顾性分析2014年10月-2016年10月到普陀区利群医院诊治的脓毒血症患者共72例,每组36例,对照组患者给予常规抗感染治疗,观察组患者在此基础上配合小剂量甲泼尼龙治疗,均连续治疗7 d,比较两组患者疗效和治疗前后免疫细胞、炎症因子水平。结果 观察组患者生存率为80.56%,明显高于对照组的55.56%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并发症发生率未表现出明显差异。治疗前两组患者免疫细胞水平未表现出明显差异,治疗后观察组CD4+ T淋巴细胞、CD8+ T淋巴细胞均明显高于对照组,CD4+/CD8+明显低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)等炎症因子水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 小剂量甲泼尼龙用于脓毒血症患者疗效确切,能够有效调节T淋巴细胞和炎症因子水平,降低机体免疫反应,提高生存率,推荐临床推广应用。  相似文献   

6.
强博  王祝娟 《现代药物与临床》2019,42(10):2053-2056
目的 研究甲泼尼龙分别联合环磷酰胺与他克莫司对狼疮性肾炎患者的疗效及安全性。方法 选取2015年3月—2018年3月在榆林市第二医院就诊的80例狼疮性肾炎患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组39例和观察组41例。所有患者均给予甲泼尼龙治疗,在此基础上对照组患者给予注射用环磷酰胺治疗,剂量为0.5 g/m2,不超过9 g,1次/2周;观察组患者给予他克莫司胶囊治疗,诱导期初始剂量为4 mg/d,2次/d,间隔12 h,餐后2 h服用,监测血药谷浓度,维持在5~8 ng/mL,连续治疗4~8周后,维持期剂量保持2 mg/d,血药谷浓度维持在2~5 ng/mL。比较两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后的相关临床指标变化情况以及治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率为87.80%,显著高于对照组的66.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前两组各项指标差异不显著,治疗后两组24 h尿蛋白量、血清抗核抗体(ANA)阳性率、血清肌酐(SCr)、红斑狼疮活动指数评分(SLEDAI)均降低,补体C3水平升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组变化显著优于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,观察组不良反应总发生率为7.32%,显著低于对照组的17.95%(P<0.05)。结论 甲泼尼龙联合他克莫司治疗狼疮性肾炎疗效显著,能有效改善患者的相关临床指标,且具有较高的安全性,值得在临床推广使用。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨甲泼尼龙联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿肺炎支原体大叶性肺炎的临床效果。方法 将西安市中心医院自2014年1月-2016年12月收治的肺炎支原体大叶性肺炎患儿122例作为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组各61例,患儿入院后给予相应的对症治疗,其中对照组给予阿奇霉素进行治疗,研究组患儿在对照组治疗的基础上联合甲泼尼龙进行治疗,观察两组患儿的临床疗效。结果 治疗前两组患儿C反应蛋白(CRP)指标比较差异不大,治疗后均明显降低,其中研究组患儿降低程度显著优于对照组,研究组患儿体温恢复时间和住院时间均显著少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。研究组患儿临床总有效率为98.59%,显著高于对照组84.85%,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组均未发生严重不良反应。结论 甲泼尼龙联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿肺炎支原体大叶性肺炎能够较好的缓解症状,降低CRP水平,效果显著,安全有效,可推广使用。  相似文献   

8.
目的 分析甲泼尼龙联合阿奇霉素治疗儿童支原体肺炎的安全性及疗效,为临床治疗提供指导。方法 选取2015年12月-2016年12月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院收治的200例支原体肺炎患儿作为研究对象。随机分为观察组及对照组,每组各100例。两组患儿均接受营养支持、纠正酸碱代谢失衡、吸氧等常规对症处理。对照组患儿在常规治疗基础上接受阿奇霉素静脉滴注治疗,观察组患儿在常规治疗基础上接受甲泼尼龙联合阿奇霉素静脉滴注治疗。7 d为1个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程。比较两组患儿的治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗3疗程后,观察组患儿治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿肺啰音消失时间、退热时间、咳嗽缓解时间及住院时间等指标均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗1周后,两组患儿各血清炎症因子水平均较治疗前出现显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组患儿各指标显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿总不良反应发生率相比较无显著差异。结论 甲泼尼龙联合阿奇霉素治疗儿童支原体肺炎,可提高治疗效果,快速降低机体炎症反应,安全可靠,临床效果更好。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨来氟米特联合甲泼尼龙协同恩替卡韦对乙肝相关性肾炎患者24 h尿蛋白定量及血清学指标的影响。方法 以漯河市中心医院肾内科2016年1月-2018年6月70例乙肝相关性肾炎患者为研究对象,根据入院单双号,随机数字表法均分为两组,其中对照组35例患者仅接受恩替卡韦治疗,观察组35例患者在对照组的基础上应用来氟米特联合甲泼尼龙片治疗,比较两组患者的治疗总有效率、治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量及血清学指标变化。结果 观察组患者治疗总有效率为82.85%,显著高于对照组的51.42%,两组比较存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。与入院时相比,治疗3个月及6个月时两组患者的24 h尿蛋白定量均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后两组各血清学指标均显著降低(P<0.05),治疗后观察组患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)与IFN-γ/IL-4水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 来氟米特联合甲泼尼龙可协同恩替卡韦减少蛋白尿定量,清除乙肝病毒,抑制IFN-γ的生成,疗效显著,对促进乙肝相关性肾炎患者病情恢复具有积极意义。  相似文献   

10.
目的 探讨二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者维生素B12(Vit B12)、甲基丙二酸(MMA)水平和神经病变的影响。方法 纳入2型糖尿病患者60例,按治疗方法分为观察组30例,对照组30例。两组均按入组前的剂量继续使用胰岛素治疗,此外,观察组给予二甲双胍治疗,对照组给予安慰剂治疗。两组疗程均为3年,通过定期门诊对患者进行随访,比较两组治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(PPPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、Vit B12、MMA和神经病变评分的变化。结果 两组治疗后FPG、PPPG、HbA1c均显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后肾小球滤过率(eGFR)均下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但组间无显著差异。治疗后,两组MMA均显著上升,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组更明显,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);VitB12均显著下降,且观察组更明显(P<0.05);两组神经病变评分有所上升,但组间无显著差异。结论 二甲双胍不仅会降低血浆VitB12水平,还导致血浆MMA显著增加,血浆MMA增加与神经病变评分相关,提示临床应用二甲双胍时应监测Vit B12。  相似文献   

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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
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This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.  相似文献   

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Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.  相似文献   

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In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

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