Implication of abnormal epigenetic patterns for human diseases

Significant evidences have brought new insights on the mechanisms by which epigenetic machinery proteins regulate gene expression, leading to a redefinition of chromatin regulation in terms of modification of core histones, DNA methylation, RNA-mediated silencing pathways, action of methylation-dependent sensitive insulators and Polycomb/Trithorax group proteins. Consistent with these fundamental aspects, an increasing number of human pathologies have been found to be associated with aberrant epigenetics regulation, including cancer, mental retardation, neurodegenerative symptoms, imprinting disorders, syndromes involving chromosomal instabilities and a great number of human life-threatening diseases. The possibility of reversing epigenetic marks, in contrast to genetic code, may provide new pharmacological targets for emerging therapeutic intervention.     

自身抗体测定在临床自身免疫性肝病中的作用和诊断意义

自身抗体的检测对自身免疫性肝病分型、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗、预后及提高其检出率均具重要价值。但实践应用中应结合受检者的临床表现及其它诊疗程序等进行综合分析和判断。     

Clinical significance of lipoprotein analysis method by HPLC

Lipoprotein analysis methods employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are divided broadly into 2 categories (HPLC with a gel-filtration column, and with an anion-exchange column), and both methods can determine lipid levels of fractionated serum lipoproteins of small amounts around 10 microl within 30 min. The former HPLC method separates lipoproteins based on the particle sizes, and larger-sized lipoproteins are eluted earlier, but this gel-filtration HPLC method determines lipid levels of lipoprotein fractions by Gaussian approximation. The latter HPLC method elutes lipoproteins based on the ion intensity of the lipoprotein particle surface and the hydrophobic properties, and determines cholesterol levels of separated lipoproteins without overlapping lipoprotein fractions. A large amount of research data on lipoprotein cholesterol levels measured using the anion-exchange HPLC method have been reported in patients with various diseases (diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, or chronic renal failure), and the anion-exchange HPLC method deserves a position of much greater clinical significance.     

Liver-specific lipoprotein component level in circulating immune complexes in liver diseases

The examinations have involved 177 subjects (80 of these were regularly examined for a year), 148 of them suffering from acute or chronic diseases of the liver and 29 normal subjects. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing specific liver lipoprotein (SLL) were detected by the enzyme-binding immunosorption complement-fixation test. SLL CICs are most frequently detectable in the patients with acute hepatitis B (in 19 of 48), with chronic active autoimmune hepatitis (in 8 of 9), and with primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver (in 18 of 20 patients).     

昏迷患者脑电图构型的临床意义

目的：探讨昏迷病人脑电图构型昏迷程度及预后之间的关系。方法：对过去17年间84例昏迷病人的脑电图进行研究。结果：脑电图显示广泛性慢波（41例），弥漫性慢波一侧偏胜（19例），β-昏迷（2例），纺锤-昏迷（2例），α-昏迷（8例），三相波（3例），平坦波（3例），广泛性周期性复合慢波（2例），周期性一侧痫样放电（3例），爆发─抑制（1例）。结论：分析昏迷病人的脑电图构型对确定昏迷程度及判断预后有一定意义。     

Distribution patterns of cytokeratin antigen determinants in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases

Aggregation and derangement of cytokeratin intermediate filaments are thought to be the key mechanism in the formation of Mallory bodies in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). To study the incidence and patterns of intracellular distribution of aggregated cytokeratin and to determine its utility as a diagnostic marker of ALD, 108 liver biopsy specimens from patients with various liver abnormalities were examined by an avidin--biotin peroxidase complex technique on paraffin section using a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratins (Hybritech). In normal liver (n = 11), only bile duct epithelium was positive. Both bile ducts and hepatocytes were positive in pathologic livers (n = 97). In ALD, 82 per cent of cases (42 of 51) showed cytokeratin positivity versus 15 per cent (seven of 46) in nonalcoholic liver disease (e.g., chronic hepatitis, nonalcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis, and primary biliary cirrhosis). The highest incidence (100 per cent, 37 of 37) of positivity was obtained in cases with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis compared with only 36 per cent (five of 14) in alcoholic fatty liver. Mallory bodies were found by the immunoperoxidase method in 71 per cent of cases (30 of 42) versus in 40 per cent (17 cases) by hematoxylin--eosin stain. In alcoholic fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis, centrilobular hepatocytes showed cytokeratin positivity, whereas such reactivity was seen predominantly at the periphery of the regenerative nodules in alcoholic cirrhosis. A rare periportal hepatocyte was positive in the nonalcoholic group. These findings suggest that the differential distribution patterns of aggregated cytokeratin may be helpful in differentiating alcoholic from nonalcoholic liver diseases.     

Clinical significance of immunopathological mechanisms in diseases of the nervous system

The clinical applications of immunology in neurology are reviewed in relation to autoimmunity, immunosuppression, brain tumour immunity and the transplantation of peripheral nervous tissue. Evidence for considering the role of immunological factors in certain neurological diseases is considered. The clinical value of immunosuppressive therapy in these diseases is discussed. Attention is drawn to immunotherapy as a possible adjunct to present methods of treating gliomas. Finally, possible uses of transplants of peripheral nerve and muscle are mentioned.     

100例妊娠期肝功能异常患者的临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期肝功能异常的病因、临床特点及母婴结局.方法:选取2018年1月至2021年1月北京市通州区妇幼保健院接收的妊娠期肝功能异常患者100例设为观察组,选取同期于北京市通州区妇幼保健院接受产检的肝功能正常孕妇100例设为对照组,对比分析两组的肝功能指标及妊娠结局.结果:观察组的谷丙转氨酶(alanine am...     

肾脏疾病患者血清中ANCA的荧光模式及其意义

目的：进一步探讨肾脏疾病患者血清中抗中性粒细胞细胞质抗体(ANCA)的荧光模式及其意义。方法：应用间接免疫荧光(IIF)和ELISA方法检测了251例肾脏疾病患者血清中ANCA及其靶抗原。结果：在251例肾脏疾病患者中，ANCA阳性51例占20．3％，其中10例为cANCA阳性(10／251)；30例为cANCA阳性(30／251);11例为aANCA阳性(11／251)。结论：同时用IIF法和ELISA法检测ANCA，可以提高ANCA检出的阳性率；不同ANCA荧光模式与疾病的种类病情及预后密切相关；提高对不典型ANCA和pANCA伴ANA荧光模式的鉴别，有助于临床对血管炎和其它自身免疫性疾病的诊断。