手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂62例疗效观察

目的观察手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂的临床效果。方法盆腔器官脱垂患者62例,经阴道行穹窿单侧骶棘韧带固定术27例,经阴道行子宫骶韧带穹窿悬吊术20例,行腹腔镜下子宫骶韧带穹窿高位悬吊术8例(其中3例保留子宫同时行圆韧带缩短术),行经腹自体筋膜宫颈骶骨固定术7例;如有阴道缺陷,同时进行修补。结果 1例术中骶韧带未能辨认,改行阴道残端骶棘韧带悬吊术;2例因骶棘韧带缝合困难,改单侧髂尾肌筋膜固定术;59例手术顺利;随访1～3 a,1例半年后复发,其余患者POP-Q分期均在Ⅱ期以内。结论手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂疗效满意。     

中盆腔功能障碍手术治疗进展

女性盆底功能障碍性疾病是中老年女性常见病,50%经产妇可能会发生盆腔器官脱垂。中盆腔功能障碍,主要表现为子宫或阴道穹窿脱垂以及直肠子宫陷凹疝形成,治疗中盆腔功能障碍的常用手术有阴道骶骨固定术、McCall后穹隆成形及高位骶韧带悬吊、骶棘韧带固定术、经阴道后路悬吊带术、全盆底重建术等,该文对这些手术方式的适应证、手术方法、并发症及防治进行综述。     

Avaulta前盆底修复联合经阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术对老年妇女子宫脱垂治疗后生活质量及性功能的影响

目的探讨Avaulta前盆底修复联合经阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术对老年妇女子宫脱垂治疗后生活质量及性功能的影响。方法选取老年子宫脱垂患者,根据随机数字表法分为观察组(30例)、对照组(30例),对照组给予阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术,观察组给予Avaulta前盆底修复联合经阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术。比较两组治疗后的疗效、生活质量及性功能等,并分析预后情况。结果治疗后观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组手术时长、术中失血量及住院时间均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。治疗后女性性功能量表(FSFI)评分、功能疗效及生活质量显著改善,观察组术后12个月的FSFI、盆底功能影响问卷简表(PFIQ)-7、障碍问卷短表(PFDI)-20评分显著优于对照组(P0.05)。经治疗后各指示点位置(除阴道总长度)均显著改善,其中观察组改善程度均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。两组随访12个月后均存在子宫脱垂(Ⅲ期及以上)、尿失禁及网片侵蚀等情况,两组发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 Avaulta前盆底修复联合经阴道骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗老年患者子宫脱垂效果显著,可有效复位子宫位置,提高性功能,从而改善生活质量,有利于预后。     

改良阴道旁修补术在盆底重建中的作用

目的 探讨改良阴道旁修补术治疗阴道前壁及膀胱膨出的有效性和安全性.方法 我院自2007年1月至2009年8月采用改良阴道旁修补术治疗52例阴道前壁及膀胱膨出的患者,其中6例患者既往曾行阴道前壁修补术.术后1、3、6、12、24个月定期随访,对手术效果进行主观及客观评价.客观治愈标准定义为阴道残端位于坐骨棘水平.结果 52例患者盆腔器官脱垂定量系统(POP-Q)分期Ⅱ期30例,Ⅲ期17例,Ⅳ期5例.所有患者改良阴道旁修补术均获成功.手术时间为45～110 min,平均(65±18)min,出血量50～200 ml,平均(95±27)ml,无其他手术并发症.随访3～24个月,平均(10.1±3.1)个月,复发6例(11.5%);其中5例为POP-Q分期Ⅰ期,1例POP-Q分期Ⅲ期.结论 改良阴道旁修补术在盆底重建中短期治疗效果稳定,较应用补片手术方法简单,并发症少.     

全骨盆底悬吊术在女性骨盆底功能重建中的应用

目的探讨利用全骨盆底网片悬吊术治疗女性盆腔脏器脱垂并进行骨盆底重建的可行性和有效性。方法对2005年1月至2006年6月确诊为盆腔脏器脱垂的53例患者采用蝶形聚丙烯网片进行经阴道全骨盆底悬吊术,根据临床检查及主诉对手术前后脱垂情况进行评估,观察疗效并定期随访。结果手术时间平均97min,出血量平均160ml,53例均在术后2～6d出院,术后1、3、9、12个月随访,根据国际尿控协会制定的盆腔脏器脱垂定量分度法客观评估子宫脱垂、阴道前后壁膨出等症状全部得到纠正,无复发、无阴道扭曲和缩短、无性生活障碍,满意度达94．3％。结论全骨盆底网片悬吊术是经阴道的微创手术,对盆腔脏器脱垂患者在保留子宫的同时进行骨盆底功能重建,复发率低,值得临床进一步推广。     

骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗中老年盆腔脏器脱垂性疾病27例

既往临床多采取经阴道子宫切除及阴道前后壁修补进行盆腔脏器脱垂治疗,但此术式复发及阴道顶端脱垂的问题日益突出,使之不能成为理想术式.同时老年人手术范围不宜太大,寻求一种符合中老年人特点,创伤小,效果好的手术方法成为研究热点.目前国外采用骶棘韧带悬吊术( sacrospinous ligament fixation,SSLF)治疗盆腔脏器脱垂[1],本文拟回顾分析盆腔脏器脱垂患者行骶棘韧带悬吊术的疗效.     

全盆底网片悬吊术治疗老年妇女盆腔器官脱垂疗效观察

目的观察全盆底网片悬吊术治疗老年妇女盆腔器官脱垂（POP）的疗效。方法对15例同时伴有子宫（穹窿）、阴道前后壁脱垂的POP患者行全盆底网片悬吊术治疗。结果 15例患者手术顺利,手术时间68～150min,术中出血量150～500 ml,无输血病例,无直肠及膀胱损伤。住院时间5～9 d。术后随访1～18个月,盆底结构正常,POP均未复发。4例器官脱垂症状改善,5例腰骶部不适消失,9例便秘消失,11例压力性尿失禁治愈。术后发生网片侵蚀伴阴道分泌物增多症状1例,修剪侵蚀的网片后恢复正常。结论全盆底网片悬吊术治疗老年妇女POP能实现全盆底解剖和功能重建,近期疗效较好。     

两种术式治疗女性重度盆腔器官脱垂的疗效

目的比较prolift盆底重建系统与传统阴式子宫全切术及阴道前后壁修补术加骶棘韧带悬吊术治疗女性重度盆腔器官脱垂的应用效果。方法回顾分析该院2009年1月至2011年9月治疗患有POP-Q分期Ⅲ～Ⅴ期的患者30例,其中采用prolift盆底重建术14例,其他患者采用传统术式,比较两组患者的手术效果、术后并发症、手术情况(手术时间及出血量),并进行统计学分析。结果 Prolift组手术时间及出血量明显少于阴式子宫全切术及阴道前后壁修补术加骶棘韧带悬吊术组(P<0.05),POP-Q分期评价两组患者术后阴道Aa、Ba、C、Ap、Bp位点均得到显著改善,解剖疗效明显。结论两种术式应用于纠正女性重度盆腔器官脱垂都是安全可行的,但术后复发率、手术时间、手术出血量、手术并发症等方面,pro-lift盆底重建系统优于传统阴式子宫全切术加阴道前后壁修补术及骶棘韧带悬吊术。     

改良腹腔镜下圆韧带缩短子宫悬吊术治疗子宫脱垂的围术期护理

目的探讨腹腔镜下圆韧带缩短子宫悬吊术治疗子宫脱垂的围手术期护理方法及护理效果。方法对30例子宫脱垂行腹腔镜下圆韧带缩短子宫悬吊术治疗的患者进行精心的围术期护理,观察其护理效果。结果 30例患者手术过程顺利,经精心的围术期护理,术后子宫位置恢复正常,无阴道壁膨出,无并发症发生,平均住院4.91 d;术后6~12个月进行随访,无复发现象。结论腹腔镜下圆韧带缩短子宫悬吊术治疗子宫脱垂,创伤小,手术安全、效果确切,治疗时间短,患者易于接受。做好围术期基础护理,术后加强健康宣教,预防和避免一切增加腹压的因素、预防复发是护理的重点。     

非脱垂子宫阴式全子宫切除术适应证的探讨

对560例子宫施阴式全子宫切除术（TVH）,探讨非脱垂子宫经阴道全子宫切除术的适应证和禁忌证。结果显示,560例阴式子宫切除术均成功完成,无中转开腹手术者;子宫质量80～1110g,平均手术时间40min,平均出血量80ml,术后住院平均5d。认为盆腹部手术史、子宫内膜异位症、盆腔粘连、大子宫及合并附件良性肿瘤不是阴式子宫切除术的禁忌证。     

Apical Prolapse: Is There a Best Approach?

Purpose of Review

Prolapse of the vaginal apex is a common condition and many surgical techniques exist to address its restoration. We present some of the latest literature to help guide surgeons in clinical decision-making with respect to approach and type of suspension procedure.

Recent Findings

More hysterectomies for prolapse are being done with special attention to the apex as this is now an endorsed quality measure by NQF. The OPTIMAL Trial showed no difference in outcomes for uterosacral ligament suspension and sacrospinous ligament fixation. Sacrocolpopexy with mesh remains the most durable repair available but represents a more invasive approach than vaginal procedures.

Summary

Vaginal approaches continue to play a role in apical suspension especially for patients with uterovaginal prolapse at the time of hysterectomy and offer good long-term subjective and objective outcomes. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy is considered by many the “gold standard” in addressing apical prolapse, but laparoscopic and robotically assisted approaches offer less morbidity with similar short-term outcomes.

     

Prolapse of the rectum, long-term results of surgical treatment

Aims  This study evaluates patency and functional results of abdominal and perineal treatment approaches to prolapse of the rectum. Methods  A database search identified patients operated upon for prolapse of the rectum. The operations were abdominal or perineal approaches. The patient’s records were reviewed, patients alive were contacted, and a self-report form evaluated functional results. Patients were followed until the prolapse recurred. Results  A primary operation for prolapse of the rectum was performed in 56 patients. Median age was 59 years (range 20–87) and 78 (40–91) for abdominal and perineal approaches, respectively (p < 0.001). The average length of the prolapses was 8.7 cm (2–25) and 8.6 cm (2–15) for abdominal or perineal approaches. All prolapses treated with a Thiersch’s operation recurred within a few months and all prolapses treated with the Delorme’s operation recurred within 5 years, whereas the 5-year patency of the abdominal approach was 93% (p < 0.001). No prolapses recurred after mesh rectopexy and the 5-year patency of resection rectopexy was 86%. The abdominal approaches improved stool evacuation and constipation significantly, and anal leakage improved somewhat (p = 0.065). The median hospital stay was 11 (4–20) and 7 (2–155) days after abdominal and perineal approaches (p = 0.003). Complications occurred in 20% of patients. Conclusions  The patency of abdominal approach to prolapse of the rectum is better than that of perineal repairs. The abdominal approaches also have a favorable effect on constipation and anal insufficiency. Perineal approaches should be reserved for patients with a very short life expectancy.     

腹腔镜下直肠脱垂悬吊固定治疗直肠全层脱垂32例临床疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下经腹直肠脱垂悬吊固定治疗直肠全层脱垂的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析南京中医药大学附属南京中医院肛肠科从2010年6月至2018年3月采用腹腔镜下经腹直肠脱垂悬吊固定术治疗中重度直肠全层脱垂32例患者的资料。采用肛门直肠压力测定、Wexner便秘评分及Wexner肛门失禁评分指标评价术前、术后1个月、3个月及随访期间患者的肛门功能。 结果32例直肠全层脱垂患者均在全麻下顺利完成腹腔镜下经腹直肠脱垂悬吊固定手术,无中转开腹。手术时间平均（115.94±23.34）min;术中出血量平均（20.16±10.74）mL。住院时间平均（12.84±2.10）天。术后当天的VAS评分平均（4.56±1.08）分。32例患者腹部切口愈合良好,无肠梗阻、腹腔感染等并发症。32例患者中成功随访31例,随访成功率96.97%（31/32）,随访时间为平均（47.56±31.29）个月。31例患者,在术后6个月以上的痊愈率为90.32%（28/31）。患者术后1个月、3个月及随访期Wexner便秘评分（t=6.135,10.448,10.348;均P<0.05）和患者术后1个月、3个月及随访期Wexner肛门失禁评分（t=7.211,7.789,10.089;均P<0.05）均较术前改善。12例直肠脱垂合并肛门失禁患者术后3月肛管静息压（t=-3.477,P<0.05）和肛管最大收缩压（t=-2.311,P<0.05）均高于术前。 结论腹腔镜下经腹直肠脱垂悬吊固定治疗直肠全层脱垂术后肛门直肠功能改善显著。     

Successful treatment of locally advanced bulky cervical cancer complicated by irreducible complete uterine prolapse: A case report

Rationale:Cervical cancer complicated by irreducible complete uterine prolapse in elderly patients is extremely rare. No standard treatment has been established for these conditions.Patient concerns:A 74-year-old woman with a 30-year history of pelvic organ prolapse presented with irreducible complete uterine prolapse and a large exophytic mass involving the cervix and vaginal wall.Diagnosis:Biopsy of the mass was performed at the referring institution and showed invasive verrucous-type squamous cell carcinoma.Interventions:A prolapsed uterus with a tumor mass could not be manually reduced. After completion of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the tumor mass in the prolapsed uterus decreased and could be reduced manually. Subsequently, the patient underwent hysterectomy and intra-abdominal uterosacral ligament suspension.Outcomes:At 19 months of postoperative follow-up, the patient remained disease-free and had no evidence of vault prolapse.Lessons:This study has important clinical implications and may provide a therapeutic strategy to address unmet medical needs in combination with locally advanced cervical cancer complicated by irreducible complete uterine prolapse. These conditions were successfully treated using a multidisciplinary approach of chemoradiotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy and uterosacral ligament suspension.     

老年患者吻合器痔上黏膜环切术围手术期处理

目的 探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)治疗老年人重度痔的围手术期处理及其临床疗效. 方法回顾性分析行PPH手术治疗52例老年患者的临床资料. 结果 52例手术均获成功,平均手术时间(15.3±3.2)min,平均失血量(15±1.7)ml,平均住院(4.5±2.6)d.随访1～20个月,平均随访(14.2±2.4)个月,随访48例,随访率92.3%,术后尿潴留18例(37.5%);吻合口出血2例(4.2%);肛门疼痛4例(8.4%);复发1例(2.1%);低血糖1例(2.1%);1例(2.1%)于术后第2个月出现吻合口狭窄,无直肠阴道瘘病例. 结论年龄不是PPH治疗重度痔病的手术禁忌证,重视围手术期处理可以减少术后并发症,提高生活质量.     

Rectal prolapse and anal incontinence treated with a modified Roscoe Graham operation

The results of abdominal mobilization of the rectum and repair of the pelvic floor behind the anorectal junction are reported in 23 patients with rectal prolapse, being accompanied by some form of anal incontinence in 12. Within 20 months, on the average, three patients had recurrent prolapse. Two thirds of the patients with incontinence for solid and/or fluid feces were cured for prolapse as well as incontinence. Seven became constipated, while 14 were fully satisfied. Seven of eight patients with a highly reduced tone of the external sphincter before surgery had a marked improvement after surgery. The results do not differ greatly from those after the suspension operation or repair of the pelvic floor in front of the rectum, despite being more physiologic, but suggest that simultaneous suspension and abdominal repair of the pelvic floor may avoid the need for a secondary postanal repair from below in patients with persistent incontinence after suspension surgery. A controlled, randomized trial is advocated.     

Total uterine prolapse complicated with vesicovaginal fistula: A case report

Rationale:Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) most commonly occurs due to iatrogenic injury during surgery or obstructed labor. We report a rare case of a patient with severe pelvic organ prolapse who developed VVF even though pessary had not been used.Patient concerns:A 63-year-old postmenopausal woman, para 3 (all spontaneous vaginal deliveries), complained of vaginal bulging sensation and involuntary urinary leakage for 3 years.Diagnosis:Stage IV uterine prolapse with VVF.Interventions:She underwent transvaginal VVF repair combined with total vaginal hysterectomy and sacrospinous ligament fixation. The postoperative course was uncomplicated.Outcomes:The patient remained free of complications during the 1-year follow-up.Lessons:This case illustrates the point that patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) should be treated promptly and careful follow-up should be conducted. Clinicians should be aware of the symptoms of VVF to ensure its early diagnosis and treatment.