不明原因梗阻性无精子症的诊断与治疗

在51例梗阻性无精子症中发现6例不明原因的梗阻,经造影及探查证实梗阻在附睾头1例,附睾尾4例,附睾输精管连接部位1例。对其中5例进行了附睾输精管吻合,术后3例精液中发现精子,但无一例妇方怀孕。结合文献对其诊断条件及治疗进行了讨论。     

外科获取附睾和睾丸精子结合单精子卵胞浆内注射术 治疗梗阻性无精子症不育

单精子卵胞浆内注射术(ＩＣＳＩ)是近年来男性不育症治疗上的重大突破。1999年2月～12月,我们采用外科获取附睾和睾丸精子结合ＩＣＳＩ治疗梗阻性无精子症不育17例(22个周期),获得了9例临床妊娠,现报告如下。1.材料和方法:17例梗阻性无精子症包括6例先天性双侧输精管缺如和11例炎症性附睾梗阻。男、女方的平均年龄分别为325岁和286岁,不育年限2～16年。女方行常规超促排卵[1],阴道Ｂ超下行卵泡抽吸术获卵。取卵当天,男方行经皮附睾精子抽吸术(ＰＥＳＡ)。局部麻醉后,将连接注射器的7号输液针头刺入附睾头部,轻轻按摩附睾头部,抽吸获取附睾液…     

人工精子贮囊治疗先天性输精管缺如的初步报告(附3例报告)

国外报道,阻塞性无精子症占男性不育症6-14％,其中18-50％是先天性输精管缺如。国内报道250例无精子症中,先天性输精管缺如占24％。这些病人的治疗是十分困难的,往往需要手术治疗。常用的附睾-输精管吻合术,只能用于附睾尾梗阻而输精管通畅者。对先天性输精管缺如并渴望生育者,可采用人工精子贮囊(ArtifitialSpermatoceles,简称ASC)手术治疗,以后通过穿刺贮囊抽吸精子作人工授精,以达到生育的目的,目前认为这是一种很有希望的治疗方法。国外用     

抽取附睾精子作人工受精治疗梗阻性无精子症初步报告

本文从５例梗阻性无精子症不育患者输精和收集附睾精子。其中除１例为附睾先天性梗阻，作附睾－输精管吻俣术外，余均为远端输精管不通畅或缺如。第二性症发育良好，性激素，睾丸容积等均正常。抽吸附睾液放入术前精浆和精子保养液中冷冻保存，解决复苏后４例行人工授精。     

显微镜下输精管附睾吻合术治疗梗阻性无精子症的初步效果

目的 探讨显微镜下输精管附睾吻合术的技术及应用价值. 方法梗阻性无精子症患者98例,平均年龄31(20～43)岁,平均梗阻时间4年.术前至少2次精液常规检查未见精子,性激素水平正常,睾丸活检证实睾丸生精功能正常.经阴囊探查发现附睾发育异常22例,输精管梗阻18例,附睾体或尾部梗阻58例.对58例附睾体尾部梗阻患者行显微镜下输精管附睾吻合术.术后3个月复查精液常规,精子密度＞1×104个/ml证实为精道复通,随访至配偶怀孕. 结果58例患者术后失访8例.50例随访3～29个月,其中精液中可见精子36例,精f密度(4×104)～(2×108)个/ml,精子活力2%～70%.4例随访12个月仍无精子,建议辅助生殖.10例无精子者继续随访至少12个月.配偶自然受孕14例.术后总体复通率72%(36例),自然受孕率28%(14例),平均受孕时间为6.6(4.0～10.0)个月. 结论显微镜卜输精管附睾吻合术治疗部分梗阻性无精子患者,可提高复通率.     

显微外科技术下梗阻性无精子症术前诊断及治疗方式探讨

目的:探讨梗阻性无精子症(OA)在显微外科技术下术前诊断及其治疗策略。方法:57例不育症患者确诊为OA并初步怀疑为附睾梗阻,行阴囊探查术观察附睾及输精管梗阻情况;术中对确定为附睾梗阻并在附睾液中找到活精子的患者施行附睾输精管端侧吻合术,同时对探查至附睾头部才发现精子或术中发现双侧附睾以远输精管梗阻、缺如的患者留取精子冷冻以备卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI);术后随访其疗效。结果:53例(92.9%,53/57)行阴囊探查术确诊为附睾水平OA,47例(82.5%,47/57)完成显微手术,10例(17.5%,10/57)术中留取精子冷冻。22例(46.8%,22/47)于显微手术后1～18个月从精液中检出活动精子;5例(10.6%,5/47)配偶自然受孕成功,6例(18.5%,6/32)留取精子行ICSI后配偶怀孕。结论:在显微外科技术日益成熟下,OA的术前诊断应尽量采取无创的手段,在手术探查中进行梗阻部位的确诊及决定治疗方式。     

抽取附睾精子作人工授精治疗梗阻性无精子症初步报告

本文通过对5例梗阻性无精子症不育患者行输精管收集附睾精子、其中1例为附睾先天性梗阻,而作附睾-输精管吻合术外,余均为远端输精管不通畅或缺如。第二性症发育良好、性激素、睾丸容积等均正常。抽吸附睾液放入术前精浆和精子保养液中冷冻保存,共3例行人工授精。该法对输精管发育不全或炎症、损伤等因素造成的不能手术修复的远端输精管广泛损害梗阻的病人是一种较好的选择。     

抽取附睾精子作人工授精治疗梗阻性无精子症初步报告

本文从５例梗阻性无精子症不育患者输精管收集附睾精子。其中除１例为附睾先天性梗阻，作附睾－输精管吻合术外，余均为远端输精管不通畅或缺如。第二性症发育良好、性激素、睾丸容积等均正常。抽吸附睾液放入术前精浆和精子保养液中冷冻保存，解冻复苏后４例行人工授精。该法对输精管发育不全或炎症、损伤等因素造成的不能手术修复的远端输精管广泛损害梗阻的病人是一种较好的治疗选择     

梗阻性无精子症的原因,部位与治疗分析：附51例报告

分析５１例梗阻性无精子症的原因、部位与手术治疗情况，其中先天性原因３１例（６０．８０％），感染原因６例（１１．７６％），损伤或输精管结扎原因８例（１５．６８％），不明原因６例（１１．７６％）。梗阻在附睾头部４例（７．８５％），附睾体尾部７例（１３．７２％），附睾尾部５例（９．８１％），输精管３５例（６８．６２％），无射精管梗阻者。同时对２４例拖行了手术探查或治疗，其中输精管吻合８例，术后７例女方怀     

经皮附睾精子抽吸术和睾丸精子获取术在无精子症诊断和治疗中的应用

目的 :研究附睾和睾丸精子抽吸术对无精子症患者的诊断和治疗价值。　方法 :应用经皮附睾精子抽吸术(PESA)和睾丸精子获取术 (TESE)两种方法对 385例无精子症患者进行穿刺检查。　结果 :其中 6 4例附睾中存在精子 (1 6 .6 2 %) ;4 5例患者睾丸中存在精子 (1 1 .6 9%) ;对其中 6 4例睾丸或附睾中发现精子的患者采取PESA或TESE取精后行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射 (ICSI)治疗。胚胎移植后妊娠率为 39.0 7%。　结论 :PESA和TESE为部分无精子症患者提供了生育的机会 ,也是针对无精子症的有效的治疗手段。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。