99mTcO4-甲状腺显像对甲状腺摄碘-131 率测定的影响

目的 观察Na^99mTcO^-₄甲状腺显像对甲状腺¹³¹I放射性计数的影响及其随时间变化的规律。方法 以2013年3月至5月在北京协和医院核医学科就诊并已行甲状腺摄碘率(RAIU)测定的40例Graves病甲状腺功能亢进患者为研究对象,静脉注射Na^99mTcO^-₄(185MBq)行甲状腺显像以测定甲状腺面积,采用甲状腺功能仪分别测定患者注射Na^99mTcO^-₄后1、25、49、73、169 h甲状腺内放射性计数,并利用半衰期公式推算25、49、73 h时甲状腺内来自于¹³¹I及^99mTc的放射性计数,以^99mTc/室本底计数(1200)相对值为参考,观察^99mTc放射性计数随时间的变化规律及其对RAIU的影响,同时计算出⁹⁹Tc^m在甲状腺内的有效半衰期(Teff ^99mTc),观察其与游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、¹³¹I有效半衰期(Teff ¹³¹I)间的相关性。结果 静脉注射Na^99mTcO^-₄后第1、25、49、73h,通过甲状腺功能仪测定出来自^99mTc的放射性计数分别为(440.16±247.35)×10⁴、(11.37±10.67)×10⁴、(0.13±0.36)×10⁴、(-0.10±0.19)×10⁴,其与室本底比值分别为3668.00、94.75、1.08、NA。Teff ^99mTc为(4.41±0.49)h,与FT3、FT4和Teff ¹³¹I均无明显相关;Teff ¹³¹I与FT3(r=-0.503,P=0.003)、FT4(r=-0.516,P=0.002)则呈负相关。结论 甲状腺功能亢进患者甲状腺内Teff ^99mTc为4.41 h。注射Na^99mTcO^-₄ 3 d后,Na^99mTcO^-₄甲状腺显像对RAIU测定已无影响。^99mTc的有效半衰期与患者甲状腺激素水平和摄碘功能无明显相关性。     

A Comparative Study of ^99mTc-YIGSR and ^99mTc-MIBI Uptake in Tumor Cells

Summary To investigate a new kind of tumor tracer^99mTc-YIGSR developed from a five amino structure (YIGSR) of the Laminin-chain, which can bind to the laminin receptors of tumor specifically, and radiolabeled with MAG₃. (1) Preparation of the^99mTc-YIGSR probe: with S-Acetly-NH₃-MAG₃ as the chelator and with proper reductants YIGSR was labeled with^99mTc; (2) Cell culture and viability measurement: EAC was maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with calf serum; the trypan blue exclusion was applied to calculate the cell viability; (3) Study of the cell dynamic: The EAC's uptake of^99mTc-YIGSR and^99mTc-MIBI was observed at 37 °C and 22 °C, respectively. (1) The labeling efficiencies of^99mTc-YIGSR and^99mTc-MIBI were (62±3)% and (96±2)%, respectively; (2) The cell viability was declined with time of incubation; (3) At 37 °C, the EAC'S uptake of^99mTc-YIGSR and^99mTc-MIBI reached the peak of (43.16±2.4)% and (24.4±1.8)% at 60 min, respectively; and at 22 °C, the highest uptake was (26.5±2.1)% and (9.47±1.9)% at 60 min, respectively. Thein vitro study suggests that^99mTc-YIGSR is superior to^99mTc-MIBI in cell uptake and has potential value in tumor imaging. HU Jia, female, born in 1963, Technician     

99Tcm-抗血栓成分单克隆抗体对动物血栓的放免显像研究

目的　评价９９Ｔｃｍ 标记抗血栓成分（ 血小板和纤维蛋白）的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ） ＳＺ－ ５１ 和ＳＺ－ ６３,对实验性动物（ 兔、狗）股动脉和股静脉血栓模型显像的作用。方法　以亚氨基噻吩盐酸盐（２ － ＩＴ） 修饰,９９Ｔｃｍ 标记葡庚糖酸钠（ＧＨ） 配体交换法标记ＳＺ－ ５１ 和ＳＺ－ ６３。狗、兔股动脉和股静脉血栓模型制备完毕后,耳缘静脉注入９９　Ｔｃｍ － ＳＺ－ ５１或９９Ｔｃｍ － ＳＺ－ ６３ 进行ＳＰＥＣＴ 显像。９９Ｔｃｍ 标记非特异性鼠ＩｇＧ 作为阴性对照。结果　９９Ｔｃｍ － ＳＺ－５１ 和９９Ｔｃｍ － ＳＺ－５１／６３ 对狗新鲜血栓均显示清晰,其最佳显像时间分别为注射后２ ～４ｈ 和０．５ ～２ｈ,而陈旧血栓未见显像。９９Ｔｃｍ － ＳＺ－ ６３ 兔陈旧血栓显示清晰,其最佳显像时间为注射后２ ～４ｈ。结论　９９Ｔｃｍ － ＳＺ－ ５１ 和９９Ｔｃｍ － ＳＺ－ ６３ 具有活体内血栓定位导向能力,显像时间短,用于血栓性疾病的放免显像有一定的可行性。     

Detection of ischemic myocardium with a new hypoxic tissue targeting tracer99Tcm-HL91

Summary The imaging appearances of⁹⁹Tc^m-HL91, a new hypoxic imaging agent, in ischemic myocardium were studied and the value of⁹⁹Tc^m-HL91 in the evaluation of regional ischemic viable myocardium was explored. Acute myocardial ischemia models were made by coronary artery legations in 18 rats and randomly divided into 2 groups:⁹⁹Tc^m-HL91 group and⁹⁹Tc^m-MIBI group. Evan blue infusion during ischemia and TTC staining after operation were used to delineate the area of ischemic and viable myocardium. The isolated heart was sliced in the short axis and then autoradiography was performed. The electron microscopic examination was also done for the myocardial samples.⁹⁹Tc^m-HL91 and⁹⁹Tc^m-MIBI uptake activities (counts/g) were measured in the area of ischemic myocardium (T) and normal myocardium (NT) separately. The uptake ratios of⁹⁹Tc^m-HL91 and that of⁹⁹Tc^m-MIBI in ischemic myocardium were calculated as T/NT. It was found that the normal myocardium was blue and ischemic or infarct myocardium was negative with Evans blue in all experiment rats. Both the normal and ischemic myocardium was in red color with TTC staining. In the⁹⁹Tc^m-HL91 group the ischemic myocardium showed much higher uptake over normal myocardium, that was demonstrated both in the autoradiography and quantitative analysis. The ischemic/normal activity ratios were 1.634±0.354. It was suggested that⁹⁹Tc^m-HL91 might accumulate in ischemic and viable myocardium, which is helpful in the evaluation of hypoxic but viable myocardium and potentially used as a imaging agent to assess myocardial viability. Lü Jiagao, male, born in 1965, Associate Professor     

Experimental studies on imaging of infected site with 99mTc-labeled ciprofloxacin in mice

Background Bacterial infection can pose a substantial diagnostic dilemma. 99m^Tc-labeled ciprofloxacin （CPF） was developed as a biologically active radiopharmaceutical to diagnose infection. In the present research, we studied the biodistribution and imaging properties of infection tracer 99m^Tc-CPF in a mouse model of infection. Methods CPF was labeled with 99m^Tc and the radiochemical purity and labeling rate were measured. A mouse model of infection was established. We then determined the biodistribution of 99m^Tc-CPF and conducted the whole body scintigraphy of the animal model. Results 99m^Tc-Ciprotech was stable for at least 6 hours at room temperature. The labeling rate of CPF by 99m^Tc was over 90%. Clearance of radioactivity mainly occurred in the liver and kidney, and the clearance from blood was rapid. Both biodistribution and imaging results showed higher uptake of 99m^Tc-CPF at sites of infection. The infectious tissue/normal tissue ratio peak was 4.30 at 4 hours after injection. Conclusions 99m^Tc-CPF is a sensitive radiopharmaceutical for scintigraphy of infectious lesions and it is easy to prepare.     

Monitoring of biological responses of tumor cells after irradiation with99mTc-MIBI — Anin vitro study

Summary To explore the possibility to employ^99mTc-MIBI to monitor biological response of tumor cells after irradiation and to observe the relation between the radiation doses and the uptake levels of^99mTc-MIBI in tumor cells, the cells were irradiated with a single dose of 2 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy respectively. The uptake of^99mTc-MIBI in each dosage group was determined before and 24, 48, 72 h after irradiation respectively. Apoptosis index (AI), plating efficiency (PE) of tumor cells was simultaneously determined. There was a positive correlation between uptake levels of^99mc-MIBI and AI(r = −0.91,P< 0.05). A negative correlation was noted between the uptake levels and PE (r = −0.86,P< 0.05). It is suggested that^99mTc-MIBI may be used as a tracer to monitor the change of viability state of tumor cells after being irradiated with different doses.     

Diagnostische Bedeutung von pentavalenter99mTc-Dimercaptobernsteinsäure ([V]-DMSA) bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren

Zusammenfassung Ziel der hier vorgelegten Untersuchung war, das Biodistribution von^99mTc-[V]-DMSA im menschlichen Wesen und seinen Diagnosewert bei Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren festzusetzen. 20 Patienten mit histologisch best?tigten Kopf-Hals-Tumoren wurden mit planarem sowie SPECT-Szintigraphie überprüft. Ganzk?rperaufnahmen in der verschiedenen Zeit nach Injektion von^99mTc-[V]-DMSA durchgeführt wurde, um die sequentielle Biodistribution der Hauptorgane festzustellen. Unsere Resultate zeigten, daβ die Blutclearance von^99mTc-[V]-DMSA im Menschen bi-exponential war. Mit Ausnahme der Nieren zeigten alle Organe eine relativ rasche Ausscheidung. Die Nieren zeigten eine zunehmnde Aufspeicherung in den ersten 2 Stunden, was wohl auf eine tubul?re Rückresorption von glomerul?r filtriertem^99mTc-[V]-DMSA zurückzuführen ist. In 15 von 20 Tumorpatienten konnte 19 L?sionen mittels der planaren Szintigraphie nachgewiesen werden, was einer Sensitivit?t von 75 % entspricht. Durch die Anwendung von SPECT konnten immerhin 29 L?sionen bei 18 Patienten detektiert werden, entsprechend einer Sensitivit?t von 90%. Au?er Prim?rtumoren und LK-Metastasen wurden bei 5 Patienten Fernmetastasen (3 X Thoraxwand, 1 X Leber und 1 X inguinal/paravesikal) gefunden. Zusammen wurden eine Sensitivit?t von 76. 9 % und eine Spezifit?t von 71.4 % für den Nachweis von Prim?rtumor errechnet. Die Sensitivit?t und die Spezifit?t für die Entdeckung von Lymphknotenmetastasen sind 75 % und 100%. Schlu?folgernd zeigt die vorliegende Studie, da?^99mTc-[V]-DMSA, besonders mit SPECT-Aufnahme, nützlich für die Lokalisationsdiagnose der Prim?rtumoren und Lymphknotensowie Fernmetastasen von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren ist. Die m?gliche therapeutische Anwendung von^188/186Re-[V]-DMSA wird auch ausgewertet.

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Diagnostic value of pentavalent^99mTc-Dimercaptosuccinicacid ([V]-DMSA) in head and neck tumours

Summary The purpose of this investigation was to assess the biodistribution of^99mTc-[V]-DMSA in human being, and its diagnostic value in patients with head and neck tumours. 20 patients with histologically confirmed head and neck tumours were examined with planar as well as SPECT scintigraphy. Whole body scintigraphy in different time after injection of^99mTc-[V]-DM-SA was performed to assess the major sequential organ biodistribution. Our results showed that the blood clearance of^99mTc-[V]-DMSA was bi-exponential. All organs except kidneys showed a relatively rapid elimination of^99mTc-[V]-DMSA. The kidneys showed a increasing accumulation in the first 2 h, which is probably due to the tubular reabsorption of^99mTc-[V]-DMSA. In 15 of 20 patients, 19 lesions could be proven by means of planar scintigraphy (corresponding sensitivity of 75 %). 29 lesions in 18 patients could however be detected by the application of SPECT (corresponding sensitivity of 90 %). Except primary tumours and local lymphadenmetastases in 5 patients distant metastases (3 thorax wall, 1 liver and 1 inguinal/paravesicle) were found. Altogether a sensitivity of 76. 9 % and a specificity of 71. 4 % were calculated for the detection of primary tumour. The sensitivity and specificity for the exploration of lymphadenmetastases were 75 % and 100%. In conclusion, this study shows that^99m Tc-[V]-DMSA, particularly with SPECT imaging, is useful in localising the primary tumours and lymphadenmetastases as well as distant metastases of head and neck tumours. The possible therapeutic application of 188/l86Re-[V]-DMSA is also evaluated.

     

内皮损伤引起血小板沉积测定方法的建立与应用

目的：研究建立血小板沉积模型的方法。方法：采用⁹⁹锝体外血小板标记与光化学血管内膜损伤法建立模型,通过血小板沉积数测定研究模型的应用性。结果：实验结果表明,⁹⁹锝体外血小板标记率受标记时间影响,最佳时间为30 min;洗涤2次可将未标记同位素基本分离掉;血小板沉积数表示法较直接CPM计数法优越;阳性对照欣维宁可减少血小板在内膜损伤动脉血管壁上的沉积。结论：通过⁹⁹锝体外血小板标记与光化学血管内膜损伤建立的血小板沉积方法,科学、可靠,有一定实用性。     

Pre-clinical evaluation of a new indirectly labeled 99mTc-6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC)-depreotide with HYNIC as bifunctional chelator

Background  Technetium-99m or ^99mTc is widely used for labeling peptide in nuclear medicine. Somatostatin and its analog can inhibit tumor cell growth after binding with its receptor. This research was to study the preclinical effect of a new ^99mTc-6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC)-depreotide, indirect ^99mTc labeling of depreotide using HYNIC as a bifunctional chelator.

Methods  The cyclopeptide, cyclo-[(N-Me) Phe-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Hcy], the linear peptide, and [ClCH₂-CO×b-Dap-Lys- Cys-Lys×amide] were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase synthesis. The cyclopeptide and the linear peptide were linked by liquid-phase synthesis. The product depreotide was isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography and was confirmed by mass spectrography. Depreotide was labeled with ^99mTc through a direct labeling method, using HYNIC as a bifunctional chelator. Paper chromatography method was used to calculate the labeling rate, and through the comparative analysis selected the best mark conditions. The new ^99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide was tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The internalization and externalization rates of the new ^99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide were studied in A549 cells. Furthermore, biodistribution of the radiopeptide was studied in nude mice, bearing tumors from human lung carcinoma cells SPC-A1.

Results  The molecular of synthesize depreotide was 1358, and the purity of it was 95.29%. The labeling efficiency of ^99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide was highest at pH 6.0 and 15°C, about (70.95±0.84)%. The labeling rate of the new ^99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide rose to a peak of (20.75±0.48)% at 60 minutes in A549 cells at 37°C and decreased slightly later, while it elevated gradually during the time course at 4°C and 25°C. The internalization rate of the new ^99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide at 37°C increased gradually and reached the peak of 84.4% in 120 minutes, while the externalization rate of the new ^99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide was always less than 20%. In mice bearing the experimental SPC-A1 tumor, the new ^99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide demonstrated a high tumor uptake of (4.05±0.04)% ID/g at 1.5 hpi and remained high ((2.51±0.06)% ID/g) at 4 hpi. The tumor-to-lung activity concentration ratio (T/Lu) was very high for the new ^99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide at all time points. So did the tumor-to-muscle activity (T/Mu) and tumor-to-blood activity concentration ratios (T/Bl).

Conclusion  The findings suggested that the new ^99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide might be a promising candidate radiopharmaceutical for imaging somatostatin receptor positive lung cancer.     

apoE-/-小鼠颈总动脉斑块Fractalkine与TLR4的表达

目的 探讨apoE^-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块不规则趋化因子fractalkine与Toll样受体4(TLR4)的表达及其关系。方法 24只apoE^-/-小鼠平均分为三组:普通饮食组、高脂饮食组、阿伐他汀干预组。12周后实验结束,检测动物血脂、颈总动脉斑块面积和血管狭窄率,评价AS病变严重程度。最后,应用免疫组织化学方法检测斑块内fractalkine和TLR4的表达情况。结果 高脂饮食组颈总动脉AS斑块面积和血管狭窄率分别是普通饮食组的近4倍和3倍多;而药物干预组二者均降低,但只有血管狭窄率减少有统计学差异[(35.27±3.84)vs.(27.02±2.69), P<0.05];斑块处fractalkine、TLR4的表达在高脂饮食组升高[(3.24±0.96)vs. (10.69±2.11)、(1.29±0.57) vs (9.32±1.02)],经阿伐他汀干预后表达均下降[(10.69±2.11) vs (5.73±1.30)、(9.32±1.02) vs (3.32±0.51),(P<0.05)] 结论 在apoE^-/-小鼠AS斑块内,fractalkine和TLR4呈协同性表达,两者之间可能存在某种分子机制,并在AS的发病过程中发挥重要作用。     

超小超顺磁性氧化铁增强MRA联合炎症因子检测兔动脉粥样硬化易损斑块

目的探讨超小超顺磁性氧化铁（USPIO）增强MRA联合IL-6、IL-I0 检测兔动脉粥样硬化（AS）易损斑块的可行性及价
值。方法健康雄性新西兰大白兔24只,分为A、B、C 3组。A组采用球囊导管损伤主动脉内膜结合高脂饲养建立AS模型,B组
采用高脂饲养,空白C组不做干预。12 周于耳缘静脉采血5 ml 比较各组间血脂及IL-6、IL-10 的变化情况。行MRA平扫、
USPIO增强扫描,与病理检查结果行对照研究。结果A、B两组比较血脂水平无统计学意义（P>0.05）,IL-6水平（167±21.3）pg/
ml vs（116±14.3）pg/ml P<0.05,IL-10无差异（P>0.05）。A vs C、B vs C（TC、TG、LDL）P<0.01,HDL无差别。IL-6、IL-10有显著
性差异（P<0.01）。MRA连续扫描中,管壁信噪比（SNR）在不同组间存在差异（P<0.05）。结论USPIO通过标记巨噬细胞引起
T2WI信号下降,结合SNR峰值变化可以预测兔动脉粥样硬化血管整体的炎症程度。USPIO增强MRA联合IL-6、IL-IO检测兔
AS易损斑块具有可行性。
     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients after overnight migration of radiolabelled sulphur colloid

Objective: To evaluate the performance and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients using technetium-99m (^99mTc) sulphur colloid and gamma probe. Methods: From May 2000 to March 2001, 70 patients with a tumour less than 5 cm with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes underwent sentinel node biopsy followed by standard axillary dissection. ^99mTc sulphur colloid was injected around the primary tumour the day before surgery and a gamma probe was used to detect the sentinel lymph node during the surgical procedure. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was compared with standard axillary dissection for its ability to accurately reflect the final pathological status of the axillary nodes. Results: The sentinel lymph node was successfully identified in 67 of 70 patients (95.71%). The number of sentinel lymph nodes ranged from 1–5 (mean 1.5) and non-sentinel nodes ranged from 5–22 (mean 13.3). Of the 67 patients with successfully identified sentinel lymph nodes, 43.28% (29/67) were histologically positive. Sensitivity of the sentinel lymph node to predict axilla was 82.75%; specificity was 100%. Positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 88.3% respectively. The sentinel lymph node was falsely negative in five patients, yielding an accuracy of 92.53%. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was more accurate for T1 tumours than for T2 tumours. Conclusions: The gamma probe guided method after overnight migration of ^99mTc sulphur colloid is technically feasible for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in most breast cancer patients, accurately predicting the axillary lymph node status, and appears more accurate for T1 lesions than for larger lesions. This minimally invasive axillary staging procedure represents a major advance in the surgical treatment of breast cancer.     

Effect of Technetium-99 Conjugated with Methylene Diphosphonate on IgM-RF,IgG-RF and IgA-RF

Technetium 99conjugatedwithmethylenediphosphonate(99Tc MDP)hasbecomeafirstclassofnewdruginrecentyearsbecauseofitsspecialphar macologicaleffectonrheumatoidarthritis (RA) [1] .Rheumatoidfactors (RFs) (includingIgM RF ,IgG RFandIgA RF)aretheimportantmarkersofdiag nosis,activitydegree ,drugtherapeuticefficacyandprognosisjudgementofRA ,whichplayanimportantroleontheonsetandproceedingofRA[2 ] .Toexplorethetherapeuticeffectof99Tc MDPonRAfurther ,thisstudywasdesignedtoobserveespeciallytheef…     

Visualization of arterial and arterial graft patency by intravenous radionuclide angiography

A method of visualizing patency of arteries and arterial grafts by means of intravenous ^99mTc pertechnetate using a Nuclear Chicago Pho/Gamma HP camera is described. Polaroid pictures showing normal arteries in the upper and lower limbs, as well as partial and complete occlusion of arteries and the state of arterial bypass grafts in pre- and postoperative patients are compared with conventional arteriograms. The advantages and limitations of this method are discussed.     

Tc1/Tc2 Imbalance in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Recurrent Genital Herpes

In order to investigate the IFN-γ and IL-4 expression of CD8^＋T lymphoeytes in the peripheral blood from patients with recurrent genital herpes （RGH） at different clinical periods and their relationship with the pathogenesis of RGH, flow cytometry was used to detect the intracellular cytokines （IFN-γ and IL-4） of CD8^＋ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 30 patients with RGH at acute period, 20 patients with RGH at recovery period and 15 healthy volunteers. The results showed that RGH patients at acute period had a lower percentage of Tcl subsets in peripheral blood than that of healthy controls （P〈0. 001）, especially a remarkable decreased percentage of Tc1 subsets （P〈0. 001） among those RGH patients with recurrent number more than 3 in the recent half a year. Tc1/Tc2 ratio in the RGH patients at acute period was significantly decreased as conapared with normal control group （P〈0.05）. The recurrent number of acute patients in the recent half a year was significantly correlated with the percentage of Tc1 subsets and the ratio of Tc1/Tc2 （P〈 0.05）. A decreased percentage of Tc1 subsets was found among the RGH patients with recurrent number more than 3 in the recent half a year at recovery period in comparison with healthy volunteers （P〈0.05）, and it was significantly correlated with the recurrent number in the recent half a year （P〈0.05）. It is concluded that there are Tc1/Tc2 imbalance and a low level of Tc1 subsets in RGH patients who are relapsing repeatedly in the near period. The low level of Tc1 subsets may be an important factor for the recurrence of RGH and the reactivation of latent herpesvirus infection.     

Establishing an animal model of unstable atherosclerotic plaques

Background Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and coronary thrombosis are the main causes of acute coronary syndromes. However, there is no animal model of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. The presence of the p53 gene in advanced atherosclerotic plaques and the sensitivity to p53-induced apoptosis of smooth muscle cells isolated from these plaques prompted us to build an animal model of unstable atherosclerotic plaques using p53 gene transfer. Methods Sixty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: group A (n=54) and group B (n=10). Rabbits in group A underwent balloon-induced abdominal aortic wall injury and were then given a diet of 1% cholesterol, while rabbits in group B were given a diet of 1% cholesterol without the induction of aortic wall injury. At the end of the eighth week, rabbits in group A were randomly divided into two subgroups: group A1 (n=27) and group A2 (n=27). Recombinant adenovirus carrying p53 or β-galactosidase (LacZ) genes were injected through a catheter into the aortic segments rich in plaques in groups A1 and A2, respectively. Two weeks later, 10 rabbits each from groups A1 and A2 were killed to observe the occurrence of spontaneous plaque ruptures, and the remaining rabbits in groups A1, A2, and B all underwent pharmacological triggering with an injection of Chinese Russell’s viper venom (CRVV) and histamine. Results The over expression of p53 in group A1 ［(32.4±10.2)% vs (15.8±3.6)% in group A2 and (16.2±6.7)% in group B, P&lt;0.001, respectively］ resulted in a marked increase in cellular apoptosis ［(2.5±0.8)% vs (1.0±0.3)% in group A2 and (0.9±0.4)% in group B, P&lt;0.01, respectively］, an accumulation of inflammatory cells within the plaques, and a significant decrease in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in the thickness of the fibrous caps. Although spontaneous plaque rupture was rare in group A1, plaque ruptures and thrombosis occurred in 12 rabbits with a total of 20 lesions after pharmacological triggering. By contrast, pharmacological triggering led to plaque rupture and thrombosis in only 5 rabbits for a total of 7 lesions in group A2 and in none of the rabbits in group B. Conclusion After transfection with human wild-type p53 gene and pharmacological triggering, plaque rupture and thrombosis occur in most atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits, thus offering a reliable model for the further study of unstable atherosclerotic plaques.     

血栓示踪剂D-dimer在定位诊断血栓方面的研究

为探讨放射性核素标记单克隆抗体示踪剂在血栓定位中的作用 ,将99m锝标记的抗D 二聚体单克隆抗体注入实验性血栓家兔血管内 ,以放射免疫显像技术观察放射性核素在血流和血栓部位的分布。结果显示 ,静脉血栓形成术后 2～ 4d ,血栓处放射性99m锝的分布较健侧明显增多。而单纯钳夹血管造成的血液淤滞未能引起99m锝标记率升高。注射99m锝标记单抗后 ,动物未见不良反应和病理学改变。结果提示 ,99m锝标记抗D 二聚体单抗可作为血栓示踪剂用于实验性血栓的定位诊断。     

碘海醇清除率在慢性肾脏病儿童肾功能评价方面的应用

目的评价碘海醇清除率评估慢性肾脏病儿童肾小球滤过率的准确性,评估单次采血法和干血滤纸片法在碘海醇清除率应用中的可行性。方法纳入慢性肾脏病儿童45例,同时进行锝99m-二乙烯三胺五乙酸(99mTc-DTPA)血浆清除率与碘海醇血浆清除率测定,评价两种方法测得的肾小球滤过率的相关性和一致性。分析碘海醇单次取血法及干血滤纸片法与碘海醇双次采血法的一致性。结果 45例患儿均完成碘海醇血浆清除率测定。其中36例患儿同时完成99mTcDTPA血浆清除率测定,13例患儿完成干血滤纸片碘海醇清除率测定。碘海醇血浆清除率与99mTc-DTPA血浆清除率具有较好的相关性和一致性(r=0.941,P<0.01),两者结果的差值较小,为(6.53±11.6)ml/(min·1.73 m2)。碘海醇单次取血法和干血滤纸片法测定的清除率与碘海醇双次取血血浆清除率均具有较好的相关性(r=0.958,r=0.950),差值分别为(4.26±9.06)ml/(min·1.73 m2)和(0.48±10.89)ml/(min·1.73 m2)。结论碘海醇血浆清除率是一种安全、可靠的评估慢性肾脏病儿童肾功能的方法,单次取血法与干血滤纸片法使碘海醇清除率测定更简便、可行。     

Detection of Postoperative Bronchopleural Fistuals by Radionuclide Fog Inhalation

Postoperative bronchopleural fistulas may be demonstrated quickly and safely by inhalation of nebulized ^99mTc-albumin, or other similar radiopharmaceuticals. Posterior scintiphotographs of the distribution of the inhaled radioactive material are obtained with the gammaray scintillation camera while the patient is in the upright and lateral decubitus positions. The observation of radioactive material in the pleural cavity indicates an abnormal communication.

The radiation-absorbed doses for lung and total body are well within acceptable limits when a ^99mTc tag is used. About 15 minutes are required to complete this relatively safe diagnostic test.