改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎

目的探讨改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎74眼的临床效果。方法采用泪囊黏膜及鼻腔黏膜单瓣吻合的改良方法治疗慢性泪囊炎。结果治愈69眼，占93．2％；好转4眼，占5．4％；总有效率98．6％。结论改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎，手术操作简便，缩短了手术时间，提高了手术成功率，容易掌握和推广。     

鼻内镜鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗慢性泪囊炎78例

目的探讨鼻内窥镜行鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗慢性泪囊炎的手术方法及临床疗效。方法对62例（78眼）慢性泪囊炎患者采用鼻内窥镜行鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗,术后随访6-24个月观察手术疗效。结果78眼中治愈69眼,好转8眼．无效1眼,有效率为98．72％。结论鼻内窥镜行鼻腔泪囊造口术可有效治疗慢性泪囊炎。     

改良鼻腔泪囊吻合术联合人工泪管植入治疗小泪囊慢性泪囊炎的临床疗效

回顾承德医学院附属医院眼科2018 年1月至2019年1月采用改良鼻腔泪囊吻合术联合人工泪管植入治疗的16例小泪囊慢性泪囊炎患者的疗效。术后6个月15例患者痊愈,1例患者泪道冲洗通畅,但溢泪症状存在,手术有效率达到93.75%。 改良鼻腔泪囊吻合术联合人工泪管植入术治疗微小泪囊慢性泪囊炎手术疗效确切,是治疗此病的有效手术方式。     

改良鼻腔泪囊造孔术联合鼻泪支撑管置入术

目的探讨鼻内窥镜下改良鼻腔泪囊造孔术联合鼻腔泪囊支撑管置入术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床效果。方法对我院106例慢性泪囊炎行鼻内窥镜下改良鼻腔泪囊造孔术联合鼻泪支撑管置入术,评价其治疗慢性泪囊炎的效果。结果106例均完成了6-18个月的临床随访观察。所有随访患者在3个月取出鼻泪支撑管时,泪道冲洗均通畅。随访6-18个月,治愈101眼（85．6％）,好转9眼（7．6％）,8眼（6．8％）无效。结论鼻内窥镜下改良鼻腔泪囊造孔术联合鼻泪支撑管置入术治疗慢性泪囊炎具有操作简便、手术时间短、并发症少、成功率高等优点。     

有特殊改变的慢性泪囊炎的泪囊鼻腔吻合术

有特殊改变的慢性泪囊炎的泪囊鼻腔吻合术长庆石油勘探局职工医院侯家成本文将我院在临床手术中遇到的伴有特殊改变的部分泪囊炎患者的泪囊鼻腔吻合术分析如下。一般情况：我院１０年来泪囊鼻腔吻合术中遇到的伴有特殊改变的慢性泪囊炎患者共１８例，占我院泪囊鼻腔吻合总...     

小泪囊慢性泪囊炎的泪囊鼻腔吻合术

目的 探讨适合小泪囊慢性泪囊炎的手术方法和技巧。方法 86例105眼术中证实为小泪囊，常规作泪囊鼻腔吻合术，针对小泪囊的特点，手术技巧上围绕如何扩大吻合口为中心。结果 86例105眼100％近期手术成功。随访3—12月，2例2眼于术后4月泪道不通，远期成功率为98．10％。结论 小泪囊慢性泪囊炎及部分合并鼻腔疾病患者，并非完全是泪囊鼻腔吻合术的禁忌症。只要手术得当，成功率高。     

鼻腔泪囊吻合联合泪小管置管治疗伴有泪小管阻塞的泪囊炎

目的：探讨伴有泪小管阻塞的泪囊炎患者经鼻内镜鼻腔泪囊吻合术联合泪小管置管术的手术疗效。 方法：伴有泪小管阻塞的泪囊炎患者27例,给予经鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合泪小管置管,泪小管阻塞采用泪道内窥镜下激光泪道探通术,环形置管。 结果：患者27例均顺利完成手术,均未见手术并发症。所有患者术后均定期随访6mo,治愈25例,有效2例,无效0例。治愈率为93%。 结论：鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合联合泪小管置管治疗泪囊炎合并泪小管阻塞具有视野清晰,创伤小,恢复快,远期疗效确切,避免分次手术等优点,值得广泛推广。     

慢性泪囊炎合并泪总管阻塞的手术治疗

目的:探讨慢性泪囊炎合并泪总管阻塞的手术方法及临床效果。方法:慢性泪囊炎合并泪总管阻塞患者46例48眼,全部先有流泪、脓性分泌物病史,直至泪囊区出现硬结,红肿,甚至皮肤溃破,经泪道冲洗检查确诊,行改良泪囊鼻腔吻合联合硅胶管植入术,术后随访3a,定期冲洗泪道,观察手术效果。结果:无流泪、脓性分泌物46眼(96%),泪囊区红肿消失,冲洗泪道通畅。2眼仍有流泪,无脓性分泌物,泪囊区红肿消失,泪道冲洗通畅,有效率100%。结论:改良泪囊鼻腔吻合联合硅胶管植入术一次性解决了鼻泪管泪总管同时阻塞的问题,避免患者再次手术的痛苦,减轻经济负担,是治疗慢性泪囊炎合并泪总管阻塞的有效方法。     

结膜鼻腔吻合术治疗泪小管阻塞的慢性泪囊炎

目的：探讨结膜鼻腔吻合术对慢性泪囊炎，合并泪小管阻塞患者，反复急性发作的治疗。方法。回顾性分析17例，结膜鼻腔吻合术的疗效。结果：合并泪小管阻塞的慢性囊泪炎的患者，急性泪囊炎频繁发作，在急性炎症控制后，行结膜鼻腔吻合术，82．35％的患者可达到临床治愈。结论：本手术方案，可以解除绝大多数合并泪小管阻塞的慢性泪囊炎的溢泪和反复急性发作的痛苦，是值得推广的一种手术方法。     

改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎

目的　探讨改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床效果。方法　采用只缝合鼻腔粘膜前瓣与泪囊前瓣的改良术式治疗慢性泪囊炎32例38眼。结果　治愈27例33眼,占87％,好转5例5眼,占13％,总有效率为100％。结论　改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎,手术操作简便,只缝合前瓣,缩短了手术时间,提高了手术的成功率,容易掌握和推广。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.