血管紧张素转换酶和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1A1166C基因多态性与脑出血的关系

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因插入/缺失多态性和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1（AT1R）A1166C基因多态性与脑出血的关系,并分析两者是否有协同致脑出血的效应。方法应用聚合酶链反应及限制性片段长度多态性技术,检测80例脑出血患者（脑出血组）和90名健康对照者（健康对照组）的ACE和AT1R基因型和等位基因,并运用Logistic回归分析不同基因型致脑出血的效应。结果脑出血组ACEDD基因型频率为35.0%,D等位基因频率为51.9%,明显高于健康对照组的15.6%和38.9%,均P〈0.05;AT1RAC基因型频率为32.5%,C等位基因频率为16.2%,明显高于健康对照组的11.1%和5.6%,均P〈0.05;Logistic回归显示,170例入组者中,携带AT1RAC基因型（OR：3.852,95%CI：1.719～8.632;P〈0.01）、ACE基因DD型（OR：2.923;95%CI：1.406～6.079;P〈0.01）及同时携带有AT1RAC基因型和ACEDD基因型（OR：4.250;95%CI：1.479～12.209;P〈0.01）是脑出血的独立危险因素。结论ACE基因插入/缺失多态性和AT1RA1166C基因多态性可能是脑出血发病的独立遗传因素;且两者间具有协同致脑出血的作用。     

脑梗死患者载脂蛋白E和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1 A1166C基因多态性的改变

目的探讨脑梗死患者载脂蛋白E(ApoE)和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1(AT1R)A1166C基因多态性的改变以及两者的相互作用。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测108例脑梗死患者和90名健康者的ApoE和AT1R基因型。并评价可能致病因素的影响。结果脑梗死组ApoE基因ε3/4基因型频率(23.1%)及ε4频率(14.4%)显著高于对照组(7.8%和5.0%),P<0.05;而ε3/3基因型频率(56.5%)及ε3频率(75.9%)显著低于对照组(78.9%和88.3%),P<0.05;脑梗死组AT1R AC基因型频率(43.5%)及C等位基因频率(21.7%)明显高于对照组(7.8%对3.9%);携带ApoEε4等位基因的个体与非携带ApoEε4等位基因的个体比较,患脑梗死的OR值为3.600(95%CI:1.591~8.144)。与AA基因型比较,AT1R基因AC基因型患脑梗死的OR值为9.136(95%CI:3.866~21.592),而同时携带AT1R基因AC基因型和ApoEε4等位基因的个体患脑梗死的OR值增至10.114(95%CI:1.543~8.343)。结论ApoEε4等位基因是脑梗死的遗传易患因子;AT1RA1166C基因多态性可能是脑梗死发病的遗传因素;AT1R与ApoE基因间有协同致脑梗死的作用。     

血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性与脑出血的相关研究

目的探讨血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性与脑出血发病的相关关系.方法利用聚合酶链反应技术分析了150例原发性脑出血病人和150例非脑血管病对照组ACE基因的多态性位点频率.结果脑出血组D等位基因频率为39%,对照组为30%,差异有显著意义(P<0.05).基因型分布频率在病例组DD型为14%,对照组为9%,经多元回归分析DD型患脑出血的比值比(OR)为2.50(P=0.04),分层分析后同时有高血压时ID型和DD型的OR值分别为26.96和80.58(P<0.01).结论ACE基因DD基因型可能是脑出血的危险因素,高血压和ACED等位基因可能对脑出血的发病有协同作用.     

脑出血患者载脂蛋白E和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体-1 A1166C基因多态性分析

目的：探讨脑出血（ICH）患者载脂蛋白E（ApoE）和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体-1（AT1R）A1166C基因多态性是否有协同致ICH效应。方法：应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测80例ICH患者和90名健康对照者ApoE和AT1R A1166C基因多态性,并运用logistic回归分析ApoE和AT1R A1166C基因多态性致ICH的效应。结果：ICH组ApoE基因型频率和等位基因频率与正常对照组无显著差异;AT1RAC基因型频率为32．5％,C等位基因频率为16．2％,显著高于正常对照组的11．1％和5．6％（P均〈0．05）;togistic回归分析显示,AT1RC等位基因个体发生ICH的优势比（OR）为3．299（95％CI1．537～7．079,P〈0．05）;同时携带AT1RC等位基因和ApoE ε4等位基因的个体患ICH的OR为4．784（95％CI1．325～17．272,P〈0．05）。结论：AT1R A1166C基因多态性可能是ICH发病的独立遗传因素;AT1R A1166C基因多态性与Ap0E基因多态性具有协同致ICH效应。     

ACE基因I/D多态性与原发性高血压和高血压性脑出血的关系

目的研究血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因插入/缺失（I/D）多态性的分布及其与原发性高血压（EH）、高血压性脑出血（CH）之间的关系。方法采用常规酚—氯仿抽提法提取外周血基因组DNA,PCR检测ACE基因I/D多态性基因型频率及等位基因频率。结果 EH、CH患者及健康对照者ACE基因DD基因型频率分别为17.95%、17.55%、6.45%;D等位基因的分布频率分别是45.51%、45.18%、33.06%。与健康对照比较,EH和CH患者间ACE基因DD基因型频率和D等位基因频率均显著增高（P〈0.05）,但EH和CH患者间无统计学差异。结论 ACE基因DD基因型和D等位基因可能是EH和CH的遗传易感基因。     

昆明汉族ACE、AT1R基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

运用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和PCR／Ddel酶切技术,检测110例DN患者[DN（＋）组]与74例2型糖尿病无肾病患者[DN（-）组]及56例正常对照人群ACE基因及AT,R基因多态性。结果（1）DN（-）组ACE—DD基因型和D等位基因频率与正常对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;（2）DN组ACE基因DD基因型频率（56．4％）,D型等位基因频率（70．5％）较DN（-）组（21．6％,46．6％）均升高（P〈0．01）;（3）三组间AT1R基因的A1166C多态基因型频率和等位基因频率分布均无差异（P〉0．05）;（4）联合作用分析同时携带ACE纯合子缺失基因型（DD）和AT,R突变基因型（AC＋CC）者发生DN的危险较大,OR值为5．421。结论昆明地区汉族人ACE基因I／D多态性与2型DN发生有关,携带DD基因型和D型等位基因者是2型DN的易感人群。AT1R基因A1166C多态性与2型DN无关,但携带AC＋CC与DD基因型的个体有更高的患DN风险。     

基因芯片技术分析老年冠心病患者的易感基因

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）、血管紧张素原（AGT）及内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）基因多态性与老年人冠心病（CHD）的关系.方法 选择老年CHD患者100例及对照者91例,应用基因芯片技术检测ACE、AGT和eNOS基因多态性,并比较其基因型及等位基因频率。结果 CHD组ACE DD基因型频率（28.0%）与对照组（15.4%）比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,ACE基因多态性与老年CHD相关.AGT TT基因型频率（75.0%）与对照组（51.7%）比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,AGT基因多态性与老年CHD相关.eNOS TT基因型频率（5.0%）与对照组（0.0%）比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。同时携带ACE DD和AGT TT基因型或AGT TT和eNOS TT基因型者与老年CHD呈显著正相关（OR=2.9,P＜0.05,OR=1.1,P＜0.05）。结论 ACE和AGT基因多态性可能是中国老年人CHD的危险因素。     

蛋白激酶Cη基因A1427C多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系

目的 探讨江苏省汉族人群蛋白激酶Cη（PKCη）基因A1427C单核苷酸多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系。方法 选择120例动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）的方法检测PKCη基因A1427C多态性、采用颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检测颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度,并与对照组100例年龄、性别相匹配的非神经科住院患者和健康体检者比较。将所有研究对象的脑梗死危险因素做多元Logistic回归分析。结果脑梗死组中C等位基因频率（40.8%）及CC＋AC基因型频率（65.0%）明显高于对照组（29.5%和49.0%）,P〈0.05;携带C等位基因的个体与非携带C等位基因的个体比较,患脑梗死的OR值为1.649,（95%CI：1.108-2.456）;与AA基因型比较,CC＋AC基因型患脑梗死的OR值为1.933,（95%CI：1.123-3.326）。脑梗死组颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、高脂血症和C等位基因患脑梗死的OR值分别为2.102、2.004及1.857。结论PKCη基因A1427C多态性可能与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的发生相关,C等位基因可能是脑梗死发生的独立危险因素。     

ACE及AGT基因多态性与糖尿病肾病发病风险的关系

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因和血管紧张素原(AGT)基因多态性与糖尿病肾病(DN)发病风险之间的关联。方法根据筛选标准选择DN患者100例编入DN(+)组,选择2型糖尿病(T2DM)无合并DN患者100例编入DN(-)组,同时选择健康者200例编入对照组。采用PCR技术选择性扩增及电泳检测ACE及AGT M235T基因。结果 ACE基因检测中,DN(+)与DN(-)在基因型及等位基因分布频率上无统计学差异(P0.05),而DM组与对照组基因型及等位基因分布频率具有明显差异(P0.01);AGT M235T基因检测中,DN(+)与DN(-)在AGT基因型及等位基因分布频率上无显著差异(P0.05),DM组与对照组基因型及等位基因分布频率无显著差异(P0.05);联合多态性分析结果显示,DD+TT基因型对于DN(+)OR值为4.042(95%CI 1.717~9.515),DD+TT对于DN(-)OR值为3.171(95%CI 1.306~7.698)。结论 DN受多基因遗传因素影响,单个基因变异对DN发病影响程度有限。而ACE-DD基因型与AGT-TT基因型可能存在协同作用,促使DN发病风险上升。     

ACE基因、AT1R基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的研究血管紧张素I转化酶(ACE)基因/D多态及血管紧张素受体1型(AT1R)A1166C多态性与中国汉族人2型糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系。方法运用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和PCR/DdeI酶切技术,检测93例DN患者(DN组)与94例2型糖尿病患者(DM组)ACE基因及AT1R基因多态基因型。结果DN组ACE基因DD基因型频率(34.4%)、D型等位基因频率(54.3%)较DM组(19.1%,40.4%)均升高(P<0.05,<0.01);两组间AT1R基因A1166C多态基因型频率和等位基因频率分布均无差异(P>0.05);ACE和AT1R基因多态与DN的分层分析显示,同时携带ACE纯合子缺失基因型(DD)和AT1R突变基因型(AC+CC)者发生DN的危险较大,OR值为8.569。结论ACE基因/D多态性与2型DM并发DN有关,携带DD基因型和D型等位基因的2型DM患者是DN的易感人群。ATlR基因A1166C多态性虽与我国汉族人2型DM并发DN无关,但AT1R与ACE基因多态存在协同效应,携带AC+CC与DD基因型的个体有更高的患DN风险。     

老年高血压患者血管紧张素转换酶和醛固酮合酶基因多态性与肾素血管紧张素醛固酮的关系

目的分析老年高血压晨峰患者血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因I/D、醛固酮合酶(CYP11B2)基因-344C/T多态性与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的相关性。方法选择2016年2月~2017年12月云南省第一人民医院老年病科门诊及住院的老年原发性高血压患者200例,根据清晨血压水平分为晨峰增高组58例和非晨峰增高组142例。分析2组患者ACE基因I/D、CYP11B2基因-344C/T多态性和血浆RAAS参数的差异。结果 2组ACE基因型和等位基因频率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=38.020,P=0.000;χ^2=42.040,P=0.000)。2组CYP11B2基因型和等位基因频率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.261,P=0.878;χ^2=0.198,P=0.656)。晨峰增高组DD+TC、DD+TT基因型比例明显高于非晨峰增高组,差异有统计学意义(22.4%vs 3.5%,12.1%vs 2.1%,P<0.01);晨峰增高组II+TT、II+TC基因型比例明显低于非晨峰增高组,差异有统计学意义(13.8%vs 29.6%,P<0.05;5.2%vs 22.5%,P<0.01)。晨峰增高组血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮水平明显高于非晨峰增高组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,DD+CC、DD+TC、DD+TT、肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ为血压晨峰的重要影响因素(OR=8.084,95%CI:1.261~51.832,P=0.027;OR=14.459,95%CI:3.804~54.964,P=0.000;OR=9.753,95%CI:2.255~42.181,P=0.002;OR=1.816,95%CI:1.258~2.620,P=0.001;OR=0.634,95%CI:0.437~0.921,P=0.017)。结论 ACE基因DD型、肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ是血压晨峰形成的主要影响因素。     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus: a metaanalysis

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether insertion (I) and deletion (D) polymorphisms within intron 16 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene confer susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS: We surveyed studies of ACE I/D polymorphism and SLE using Medline and manual searches. We conducted a metaanalysis of the DD genotype (recessive effect), DD and DI genotype (dominant effect), and D allele of the ACE overall and in each ethnic population. We performed a metaanalysis of ACE I/D polymorphism in SLE and LN. RESULTS: Thirteen comparison studies were included in our metaanalysis consisting of 1411 patients with SLE and 1551 controls. We found no association of ACE I/D polymorphism with SLE in the total sample and by ethnic groups. There was a trend for association of the DD genotype (OR 1.212, 95% CI 0.966-1.520, p = 0.097) and the D allele with SLE in Caucasian patients (OR 1.157, 95% CI 0.991-1.349, p = 0.064); however, this was not statistically significant. The metaanalysis also showed no association of the ACE I/D polymorphisms with LN. CONCLUSION: This metaanalysis of 2962 subjects showed there is a lack of association of the ACE I/D polymorphism with SLE and LN.     

Association of genetic polymorphisms in the ace,apoe, and tgfβ genes with early onset ischemic heart disease

Background: The genetic factors that contribute to ischemic heart disease (IHD) are poorly understood, and it is likely that multiple genes acting independently or synergistically contribute to the risk of IHD and outcome. The genes for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have been implicated independently in the risk of IHD. Hypothesis: This study examined whether genetic polymorphisms in the ACE and ApoE genes are associated with early onset IHD. Polymorphisms in a third gene, transforming growth factor β2 (TGF β2), with a known role in wound repair and cardiac development, are also examined with respect to early onset IHD. Methods: In all, 101 patients with IHD and onset of disease before 55 years for men and 60 years for women, and 100 controls with angiographically confirmed normal coronary arteries were recruited for this study. The ACE, ApoE, and TGF β2 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification or Southern blotting and were compared with the patient's clinical and family histories. Results and Conclusion: The frequency of the ACE D allele was significantly lower in the patient group (0.475) than in the control group (0.59, p = 0.03), which was attributed to a reduction in the number of patients with the DD genotype (patients: 24% DD, controls: 33% DD). Sudden cardiac death was also associated with the DD genotype. These data are consistent with the ACE D allele contributing to a fatal outcome. No association between the DD genotype and risk of myocardial infarction, presenting age, extent of vessel disease, family history, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia was seen. Analysis of the ApoE genotype showed no association with early onset IHD. There was no evidence for a synergistic effect between the ACE and ApoE genotypes on the risk of early onset IHD. A polymorphism in the TGF (32 gene was rare and not associated with early onset IHD.     

Searching for a better assessment of the individual coronary risk profile. The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II type 1 receptor and angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms.

BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms within renin angiotensin system genes have been investigated as risk factors for coronary artery disease in different populations with contradicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies of ACE, AT1R and AGT gene polymorphisms as coronary artery disease factors and their synergistic effects on coronary risk in an Italian population. METHODS AND RESULTDS: In this study ACE, AT1R and AGT gene polymorphisms were investigated in 205 consecutive coronary artery disease patients and in 209 controls. These polymorphisms were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The ACE D and AGT 235T allele, but not AT1R C allele, frequency was statistically significant in patients. An association between coronary artery disease and ACE DD, AT1R CC and AGT TT genotype, was found by univariate analysis (OR 2.06 P=0.0007, OR 2.49 P=0.009, OR 1.87 P=0. 019, respectively). At multivariate analysis ACE DD and AT1R CC genotype (OR 1.81 P=0.011, OR 2.61 P=0.011, respectively) remained associated with coronary heart disease. Subjects carrying the ACE DD genotype and AT1R C allele showed a stronger association with myocardial infarction (OR=4.02, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our report indicates the increased risk of coronary artery disease in the presence of ACE DD and AT1R CC genotypes independent of other risk factors, in Italian patients. The present study stresses the relevance of screening for genetic risk factors.     

海南黎族血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与高血压并动脉硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨海南黎族人群血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因多态性与高血压并动脉硬化的相关性.方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测260例海南黎族动脉硬化患者组及276例黎族健康人对照组的ACE基因插入或缺失(I/D)多态性,观察DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率及等位基因频率.用高分辨超声技术分别检测DD、DI、Ⅱ 3个亚组的平均颈动脉内-中膜厚度(MIMT). 结果 (1)动脉硬化组DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率为15.0%、37.3%、47.7 ;D及Ⅰ等位基因频率分别为33.7%及66.3%.对照组DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率17.8%、40.6%、41.7%,D及Ⅰ等位基因频率分别为38.0%及62.0%.两组间DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率及D、Ⅰ等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)动脉硬化组在年龄、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、载脂蛋白A(apoA)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)、收缩压、舒张压显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著低于对照组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果 显示,TG(OR=2.14)、apoA(OR=360.39)、收缩压(OR=1.21)、舒张压(OR=1.08)、ACE DD基因型(OR=0.30)与高血压并动脉硬化相关(P<0.05).ACE DD型亚组的MIMT比DI和Ⅱ型亚组显著增高(P<0.05). 结论 ACE DD基因型增加了颈动脉硬化易感性,是海南黎族高血压并动脉硬化患者的危险因素,可作为动脉粥样硬化的一个早期预测因子.     

阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者血管紧张素转换酶和载脂蛋白E基因多态性分析

目的　探讨阿尔茨海默病 (AD)及血管性痴呆 (VaD)与血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)和载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因多态性的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性方法 ,检测了 2 6例晚发AD患者、5 4例VaD患者和6 8例正常老年人的ACE和apoE基因多态性。结果　AD组中apoE等位基因频率分别为ε2 0 .0 77、ε30 .6 15及ε40 .30 8,VaD组apoE等位基因频率分别为ε2 0 .0 5 6、ε30 .6 85及ε4 0 .2 5 9,AD组和VaD组apoEε4等位基因频率显著高于对照组。ACE基因AD组和VaD组DD型频率高于对照组 ,D等位基因亦高于对照组。结论　ACEDD型、apoEε4可能是AD及VaD发病的危险因素     

Angiotensin-II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism and long-term survival in patients with idiopathic congestive heart failure

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that a genetic polymorphism in the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (ATRG) and the ACE gene DD genotype might have a synergistic influence on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Aims: To study the possible interaction between polymorphisms in the ACE gene and the ATRG, regarding survival and left ventricular function. METHODS: Polymorphism of the two genes was studied in a population-based cohort of 194 patients with idiopathic heart failure, recruited from the western part of Sweden 1985-1988. The patients were investigated by echocardiography. The survival status was checked during the 7-year follow-up period. RESULTS: Although there was no statistically significant additive risk of the ATRG polymorphism, patients carrying the ACE gene DD genotype in combination with a C allele of the ATRG tended to have a poorer prognosis. DD +AA, OR 1.24 (95% CI 0.67-2.32, P = 0.49); DD +AC, OR 1.64 (95% CI 0.95-2.83, P = 0.08); DD + CC, OR 3.54 95% CI 0.78-16.1, P = 0.10); DD +AC/CC, OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.10-3.08, P = 0.02). Patients with the DD +AC/CC genotypes tended to have lower ejection fraction and increased left ventricular mass. CONCLUSIONS: There was a trend toward a worse prognosis in patients with the combination of a C-allele in the ATRG and the ACE gene DD genotype, suggesting an interaction of these two genetic polymorphisms on disease severity.     

ACE基因多态性与新诊断2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉内中膜增厚的关系研究

目的探讨人血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失多态性(I/D)与新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈总动脉内中膜厚度(CCA-IMT)的关系。方法采用限制性片段长度多态性-聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测2005年5月至2006年5月东莞市人民医院内分泌门诊收治的120例T2DM患者ACE基因内含子16I/D多态性,利用B超检测其CCA-IMT,通过多元Logistic回归分析筛选T2DM患者CCA-IMT增厚的危险因素。结果携带ACE基因DD型者CCA-IMT增厚的比例显著高于携带II及ID基因型者(F=10.164,P=0.006);Logistic回归分析显示,ACEDD基因型、年龄、合并高血压是T2DM患者CCA-IMT增厚的危险因素(OR分别为3.689,1.054,1.562,P均<0.05)。结论ACEDD基因型是T2DM患者CCA-IMT增厚的独立危险因素。