环戊烯水合制备环戊醇

以耐高温强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，进行环戊烯水合制备环戊醇的反应，在高压釜内考察了反应工艺条件。结果表明：在催化剂用量为30g、反应温度130～140℃、水：环戊烯=5．5～6．5：1(mol：mol)、搅拌速度600r／min、反应时间为4h、苯酚：环戊烯=1：1(m：m)的条件下，环戊烯的转化率达到25．7％，环戊醇的选择性在93%左右。     

胆通合成工艺改进

本文报道了胆通(4—甲基—7—羟基香豆素)合成新工艺,用强酸性阳离子交换树脂作为缩合反应的催化剂,它比原法简单,废水减少而收率接近原法,达74％。     

对氯苯氧异丁酸的质量考察

目的：建立化学药品对氯苯氧异丁酸的质量标准。方法：通过化学合成制备对氯苯氧异丁酸,采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行质量考察。结果：对氯苯氧异丁酸线性范围为0.25～4.5μg,r=0.999 7,进样量与峰面积有良好的线形关系。结论：方法操作简便、快速、灵敏、精密度高,重现性较好。该方法可作为对氯苯氧异丁酸质量控制方法。     

阳离子交换树脂催化三丙酮胺的合成

以强酸性阳离子交换树脂作为三丙酮胺合成的催化剂,考察了反应温度和反应压力对三丙酮胺收率的影响。通过离子交换使树脂负载上不同的阳离子,考察了改性后的树脂对三丙酮胺合成的催化活性,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外光谱等手段对树脂催化剂进行了分析。结果表明：载铁的树脂作为催化剂,三丙酮胺的收率高达26%;而且该催化剂经重复使用6次后,仍有较高的活性。     

离子交换树脂纯化荷叶生物碱的研究

[目的]考察离子交换树脂纯化荷叶生物碱的工艺条件.[方法]以荷叶生物碱溶液为对象,以其主要有效成分荷叶碱为指标,研究阳离子交换树脂纯化荷叶生物碱的方法,包括树脂类型的选择、氨水浓度和乙醇浓度对洗脱效果的影响等.[结果]001 ×1强酸性阳离子交换树脂对荷叶生物碱成分的交换能力最强,且被树脂吸附的生物碱成分可用氨性乙醇溶液快速洗脱.验证试验结果表明:用含1.0 mol/L氨水的体积分数60％乙醇溶液进行洗脱,总固形物得率由过柱前的18.35％降低到过柱后的4.36％,荷叶生物碱的纯度约为632.8 mg/g,保留率达85.68％.[结论]001 ×1强酸性阳离子交换树脂对荷叶生物碱纯化效果好,生物碱含量高.     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

目的:探讨001×7强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成乙酰水杨酸的方法和最佳工艺。方法:通过正交试验探讨了乙酸酐与水杨酸的摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量和反应温度对乙酰水杨酸产率的影响,并探讨催化剂的催化能力与使用次数的关系。结果:乙酸酐与水杨酸的摩尔比为3∶1、催化剂用量为水杨酸质量的14.50%、反应时间120 min、反应温度60℃时,乙酰水杨酸产率最高,为77.93%。结论:001×7强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂对酯化反应催化效果好,副反应少,对环境污染小,能重复使用,值得大力推广。     

环氧蚕蛹油酸乙酯增塑剂的研制

阐述了环氧蚕蛹油酸乙酯的制法，蚕蛹油酸乙酯用强酸性阳离子交换树脂作催化剂、用过氧乙酸进行环氧化可得高质量的环氧化蚕蛹油酸乙酯增塑剂。     

甲基丙烯酸-二乙烯苯大孔弱酸性阳离子交换树脂的合成

目的：通过大量实验和数据找出生产大孔树脂的最佳工艺。方法：采用悬浮聚合法，以水为分散相，DVB为交联剂，BPO为引发剂，合成了大孔弱酸性阳离子交换树脂。结果：不同交联度，不同致孔剂对其结构和性能有显著影响。结论：盐溶液浓度约为30％，交联剂14％，致孔剂甲苯为单体的0．1倍时，所得树脂性能良好。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成乙酸乙酯

以自制的硫酸氢钠为催化剂，以冰乙酸与乙醇为原料合成了乙酸乙酯。最佳反应条件为：以0.2摩尔乙醇为基准，醇酸摩尔比为1：1．5，催化剂用量为1．2g，反应温度控制在80℃回流温度。酯收率最高可达到82．4％。     

反相HPLC法同时测定常用感冒药中咖啡因对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的 为测定感冒药中咖啡因、对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法 采用高效液相色谱法，在ODS柱上，以甲醇：水：乙酸(30:70:1)为流动相，紫外检测波长265nm，测定了3种感冒药中的咖啡因、对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。结果 咖啡因、对乙酰氨基酚和马来酸氯苯那敏的线性范围分别为60～160μg/ml，3.6～12μg/ml，0.8～3.6μg/ml，平均回收率分别为99.1％，97.8％，102.0％(n=3)。结论 该方法简便快速，其他成分无干扰，适用于复方制剂中3种成分的同时测定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.