共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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膳食纤维是由多种不同的碳水化合物所组成的多糖,分可溶性和非溶性两部分。非溶性膳食纤维包括纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等,它们是植物细胞壁的组成部分,来源于谷物和豆类食品的外衣、植物的茎叶。可溶性膳食纤维包括果胶、藻胶、谷胶、豆胶、树胶以及粘质,果胶来源于水果,藻胶取之于海藻,谷胶含于大麦等谷物中,豆胶来源于豆类,树胶以及粘质来源于树受伤部位流出的黏性物质?膳食纤维的功效如下。 相似文献
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复合膳食纤维对大鼠肠道形态结构及功能的长期影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为观察长期进食复合膳食纤维 (DFC)对高脂血症大鼠肠道形态结构及功能的影响。选健康、断乳SD大鼠 60只 ,雌雄各半 ,经高脂饲料诱导形成高脂血症模型后 ,按体重及血胆固醇水平均衡的原则分为 5组 ,分别以基础饲料及小麦纤维作为对照组 (A、B)其余 3组给不同剂量的DFC(C~E组 ,总膳食纤维含量分别为 4 %、1 6 %、64 % ) ,实验期为三月 ,通过测量分析及光镜、电镜形态观察的方法 ,研究DFC对大鼠肠道结构与功能的影响。结果显示 ,1 DFC含量较高剂量的D、E两组动物粪重显著增加 ,小肠壁重量显著高于正常及高脂对照组 ,E组动物盲肠壁重量显著高于正常及高脂对照组 (P <0 0 5) ;2 不同水平DFC组大鼠小肠绒毛变短、变宽 ,粘膜肌层增厚 ,最高剂量的E组动物小肠绒毛出现水肿 ;各水平DFC组动物直肠光镜下无明显形态学改变 ;3 各水平DFC组大鼠小肠微绒毛不同程度变短 ,排列紊乱 ,局部缺失 ,细胞器肿胀 ,以线粒体病变最为明显 :基质肿胀、嵴断裂、有的消失 ,重出现空泡变 ;4 直肠微绒毛改变不明显 ,线粒体改变同小肠。结论长期摄入高剂量DFC在增加粪便量排出的同时会影响大鼠肠道的形态结构 ,可能会对肠道的某些功能产生不利影响 ,实际应用时应以低剂量为宜 相似文献
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膳食纤维对肠动力障碍改善作用的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
肠动力障碍可由多种疾病造成,也是危重症病人常见的并发症之一。有研究表明,肠动力障碍可通过调节远端消化腔内微生态环境以及减少细菌毒素来改善,也为肠动力障碍的治疗提供新的参考策略。膳食纤维(DF)具有加快结肠传输、正向调整肠道菌群、保护肠黏膜屏障等生理功能,临床上广泛用于危重症病人、炎症性肠病、糖尿病等病人肠动力障碍的辅助治疗。为进一步探究DF的应用与肠动力障碍改善之间的关系,以下对中英文数据库进行文献检索,并对部分近年来该方面发表的文献进行综述,以期为肠动力障碍的预防和治疗提供新的思路。 相似文献
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目的 探讨香菇膳食纤维复合食品对小鼠肠道功能的改善作用。方法 随机将昆明种小鼠分为对照组、模型组、清畅胶囊组(150 mg/kg)、复合食品组(100 mg/kg),对照组与模型组蒸馏水灌胃,清畅胶囊组与复合食品组分别给予清畅胶囊与香菇膳食纤维复合食品,连续15 d;分别观察小鼠体重、肠道菌群、小肠运动、小鼠排便的变化。结果 与对照组比较,清畅胶囊组、复合食品组小鼠肠道内双歧杆菌与乳杆菌数量[分别为(9.82±0.76)、(9.67±0.71)与(9.10±0.37)、(9.02±0.19)log cfu/g]明显增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,复合食品组小鼠小肠推进率[(49.53±12.73)%]明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组小鼠首次排便时间[(141.70±14.86)min]延长、5 h排便重量[(0.22±0.06)g]下降(P<0.01);与模型组比较,清畅胶囊组、复合食品组小鼠首次排便时间[(101.40±7.56)、(92.50±10.96)min]明显缩短,5 h排便重量[(0.50±0.12)、(0.46±0.12)g]明显增加(P<0.01)。结论 香菇膳食纤维复合食品可增加小鼠肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量,具有促进肠道蠕动,改善便秘的作用。 相似文献
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目的研究不同剂量重组复合膳食纤维对高脂血症大鼠肠道形态结构的影响。方法健康、断乳SD大鼠60只,雌雄各半,经高脂饲料诱导形成高脂血症模型后,按体重及血胆固醇水平均衡的原则分为5组,其中2组分别以基础饲料及高脂饲料作为阴性和阳性对照组,其余3组为5%,10%,20%不同剂量的重组复合膳食纤维,实验期90d,实验期末,用光镜、电镜形态观察及测量分析的方法观察大鼠肠道形态结构。结果20%剂量水平的重组复合膳食纤维可增加粪重(P〈0.05),而5%,10%重组复合膳食纤维却可减轻粪重(P〈0.05);与高脂对照组比较,20%剂量水平的重组复合膳食纤维组小肠壁重量显著增加,5%,10%剂量水平组动物小肠壁重量明显减轻,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05);10%,20%剂量组动物的小肠粘膜肌层增厚(P〈0.05),10%剂量组动物小肠绒毛略有变短、变宽,20%剂量组的动物小肠绒毛出现水肿,排列紊乱,线粒体肿胀。结论长期摄入低剂量重组复合膳食纤维对大鼠肠道的形态结构无明显影响,但高剂量可能会对肠道的形态结构产生不利影响。 相似文献
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Production of breath hydrogen and methane was related to colonic degradation of fiber to determine whether breath gases were good indicators of colonic fiber breakdown. End-alveolar breath hydrogen and methane were measured in five male subjects consuming three diets: their self-selected diet (SS), a fiber-free diet (FF), and the same fiber free diet plus 75 grams of coarse white wheat bran (B). On each diet, end-alveolar breath samples were collected hourly from 0800 to 2200 hours for hydrogen analysis. Hydrogen production after ingestion of a 15 gram dose of lactulose (L) was also determined. Methane production was determined twice during each diet. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the bran and the fecal composites from the bran diet were measured. Average peak hydrogen production was 64 PPM (range 39–113) during the self-selected (SS) diet and 35 PPM (range 14–59) during the liquid fiber-free diet (FF). Bran ingestion caused hydrogen production to increase to an average peak value of 44 PPM (range 25–74). Lactulose ingestion generally resulted in more hydrogen production, with an average peak of 76 PPM (range 30–142). NDF was calculated to be about 40% digestible (range 27% to 48%) during bran ingestion. These results suggest that less hydrogen is produced on a fiber-free liquid diet than on diets known to contain undigestible carbohydrates. A hydrogen breath test may be used as an indirect measure of fiber digestibility since lactulose, which is highly fermentable, produced a little less than twice the peak hydrogen response than did bran whose digestibility was calculated to be roughly 40%. 相似文献
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肠道产甲烷菌是一类将氢气和二氧化碳生成甲烷的厌氧菌,研究证实其与人体肠道疾病密切相关,因此深入探索肠道产甲烷菌在肠道疾病中的作用机制具有重要意义。本文就肠道产甲烷菌的特点、种类、定植特征,及其与肥胖、肠易激综合征、炎症性肠病、结直肠癌、憩室病等疾病之间的关系进行综述,着重梳理肠道产甲烷菌在这些疾病中可能发生的机制,为人体肠道疾病的预防、诊断和治疗提供一定的新思路。 相似文献
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目的 采用meta分析的方法评估被动吸烟对成年非吸烟人群高血压风险的影响。方法 系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、万方数据库、中国知网(CNKI)及维普数据库(VIP)中从建库至2021年10月发表的有关被动吸烟与成年非吸烟人群高血压风险关系的观察性研究论文,应用Stata 12.0软件进行统计学分析,计算其合并优势比值(OR)和95%置信区间(95%CI),采用剂量-反应关系对被动吸烟暴露时间与高血压的风险相关性进行量化分析。结果 共纳入10篇文献,共纳入研究对象5 016 557人。合并分析结果显示,被动吸烟可增加成年非吸烟人群高血压的发病风险(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.08~1.35)。剂量-反应关系分析结果显示,被动吸烟暴露时间每增加1 h/d可增加高血压的风险(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.01~1.18)。结论 被动吸烟是成年非吸烟人群高血压发病的危险因素。 相似文献
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Health benefits of dietary fiber 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
James W Anderson Pat Baird Richard H Davis Jr Stefanie Ferreri Mary Knudtson Ashraf Koraym Valerie Waters Christine L Williams 《Nutrition reviews》2009,67(4):188-205
Dietary fiber intake provides many health benefits. However, average fiber intakes for US children and adults are less than half of the recommended levels. Individuals with high intakes of dietary fiber appear to be at significantly lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and certain gastrointestinal diseases. Increasing fiber intake lowers blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Increased intake of soluble fiber improves glycemia and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Fiber supplementation in obese individuals significantly enhances weight loss. Increased fiber intake benefits a number of gastrointestinal disorders including the following: gastroesophageal reflux disease, duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, constipation, and hemorrhoids. Prebiotic fibers appear to enhance immune function. Dietary fiber intake provides similar benefits for children as for adults. The recommended dietary fiber intakes for children and adults are 14 g/1000 kcal. More effective communication and consumer education is required to enhance fiber consumption from foods or supplements. 相似文献
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《International journal of food sciences and nutrition》2013,64(2):152-157
Total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) contents of 37 composite dishes commonly consumed in the State of Kuwait were determined by the AOAC enzymatic–gravimetric method of Prosky et al. Levels (g/100 g) of SDF ranged over 0.3–0.5 in fish-based dishes, 0.3–2.6 in meat-based dishes, 0.1–1.4 in rice dishes, 3.2–4.6 in vegetable dishes, 0.3–0.7 in soup dishes, 0 in dairy dishes, 0.7–0.8 in sandwiches, and 0.1–5.0 in sweet dishes. IDF levels ranged over 1.1–1.8 in fish-based, 0.9–3.2 in meat-based, 0.6–2.7 in rice, 2.1–4.0 in vegetables, 0.6–3.4 in soup, 0 in dairy, 0.2–0.3 in sandwiches, and 0.2-11.6 in sweets. TDF values ranged over 1.4–2.3 in fish-based, 1.2–3.7 in meat-based, 0.3–4.1 in rice, 3.2-4.6 in vegetables, 0.9–3.8 in soup, 0 in dairy, 0.7–0.8 in sandwiches and 0.3–15.4 in sweets. This work attempts to provide new data on TDF, IDF and SDF of selected commonly consumed Kuwaiti composite dishes. 相似文献