乳腺癌根治术后常见并发症的防治

目的探讨乳腺癌术后常见并发症的防治。方法通过我院2001年1月至2009年1月实施乳腺癌根治术42例资料进行回顾性分析。结果皮下积液3例,皮瓣坏死3例,上肢淋巴水肿2例。结论术前切口设计,术中仔细的操作,游离皮瓣厚度适中,保留真皮下毛细血管网,术中止血彻底,均匀适度的加压包扎,通畅负压引流,术后合理的上肢功能锻炼,对于乳腺癌根治术后皮下积液,皮瓣坏死,上肢淋巴水肿的防治十分重要。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后主要并发症的防治

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液、皮缘坏死、上肢淋巴水肿、胸肌挛缩伴同侧上臂运动障碍并发症的防治。方法回顾分析1999~2005年126例乳腺癌改良根治术的临床资料。结果126例中术后发生皮下积液8例(6.3%),皮瓣坏死9例(7.1%),上肢淋巴水肿5例(4%),胸肌挛缩伴同侧上臂运动障碍6例(4.8%)。结论重视乳腺癌改良根治术游离皮瓣的血运、腋窝淋巴回流情况、临床解剖仔细操作是减少术后皮下积液、皮缘坏死、上肢淋巴水肿及胸肌挛缩伴同侧上臂运动障碍的重要措施。     

改良式乳腺癌根治术后皮瓣坏死和皮下积液的防治体会

目的 探讨改良式乳腺癌根治术术后皮瓣坏死和皮下积液的防治.方法 分析2001年6月至2009年6月收治的85例改良式乳腺癌根治术患者的临床资料,探讨手术并发症的产生原因,提出预防和处理方法.结果 85例改良式根治术患者切口一期愈合者73例;发生皮瓣坏死1例,经局部换药,外用创伤药物而逐渐愈合;发生皮下积液11例,调整引流管、多次针吸抽液和局部加压包扎后治愈.结论 改良式乳腺癌根治术后皮瓣坏死和皮下积液是常见切口并发症,合理设计切口,仔细操作,适当加压包扎,保持负压引流通畅以及术后早期处理,可明显降低其发生率.     

乳腺癌改良根治术手术切口与术后并发症的相关性

目的 探讨乳腺癌改良根治术手术切12与术后并发症的相关性.方法 选2005年2月～2009年5月我院手术治疗258例乳腺癌患者,全部行Anchincloss法改良根治术,其中158例(61.24%)采用Stewart横行切口,100例(38.76%)采用Halsted纵切口,观察术后皮下积液、皮瓣坏死及淋巴水肿情况.结果 158例采用Stewart横行切1:7手术患者,35例(22.16%)并发皮下积液,22例(13.92%)并发皮瓣坏死,18例(11.39%)并发淋巴水肿;100例采用Halsted切口手术患者,39例(39.00%)并发皮下积液,30例(30.00%)并发皮瓣坏死,43例(43.00%)并发淋巴水肿.Stewart横行切口与Halsted纵切1:2并发症的发病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(皮下积液:λ2=8.49B,P<0.05;皮瓣坏死:λ2=9.835,P<0.05;淋巴水肿:λ2=33.889,P<0.01).结论 采用Stewart 横行切口行乳腺癌改良根治术可明显减少术后皮下积液、皮辩坏死及淋巴水肿等并发症.横切1:2较纵切口有更多的优点,应作为乳癌改良根治术的首选切口方式.     

乳腺癌改良根治术后常见并发症原因分析及防治

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后常见并发症发生的原因、预防及处理方法。方法回顾性分析2004年8月—2008年8月在我院接受乳腺癌改良根治术178例患者的临床资料。结果 178例中,皮下积液25例(14%),皮瓣坏死14例(7.9%),上肢淋巴水肿8例(4.5%),上肢抬举受限4例(2.2%),患侧侧胸壁疼痛4例(2.2%)。随访3个月～51个月,经治疗后,25例皮下积液,14例皮瓣坏死,4例上肢抬举受限,3例淋巴水肿及2例患侧侧胸壁疼痛获治愈,尚有5例淋巴水肿,2例患侧侧胸壁疼痛患者症状尚存。结论术中规范操作,酌情保留肋间臂神经,术后适当加压包扎,保持负压通畅,可以有效地防治乳腺癌改良根治术后各种并发症。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后常见并发症的影响因素及防治策略

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后常见并发症的发生、预防及处理措施。方法选取136例行乳腺癌改良根治术患者,探讨术后并发症发生的影响因素及防治措施。结果 136例患者中出现术后并发症29例（21.3%）,其中皮下积液18例（13.2%）,皮瓣坏死4例（2.9%）,上肢抬举受限2例（1.5%）,淋巴水肿4例（2.9%）,患侧胸壁疼痛1例（0.7%）。结论术前合理设计切口,术中规范操作,术后适时进行上肢功能锻炼等,可有效防治乳腺癌改良根治术术后各种并发症的发生。     

乳腺癌手术后的临床观察与护理

目的观察分析乳腺癌术后的护理效果。方法采用乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术;术后采取心理护理、临床护理、功能锻炼及康复护理。结果本组治愈182例,2例Ⅲ期患者因皮瓣坏死延期愈合。并发症：皮下积液5例,皮瓣坏死2例,经换药处理后痊愈;患侧上肢淋巴水肿3例,心理抑郁2例。引流管引流平均时间4.2d,术后住院平均天数20.6d。结论加强术后护理,能够提高治愈率,降低并发症,提高患者术后生活质量。     

探讨乳腺肿瘤术后并发症的防治对策

目的:研究探讨乳腺肿瘤术后并发症的防治对策。方法:选取我院2010年5月-2014年12月收治的乳腺癌患者186例,根据患者肿瘤的大小和辅检情况等,47例患者行Ⅰ式改良术,47例患者行Ⅱ式改良术,46例患者行保乳手术,46例患者行传统根治手术,比较四组患者术后并发症的预防和处理方法。结果:术后并发症主要为皮瓣坏死、上肢水肿、皮下积液以及切口感染等,传统根治手术并发症共计18例(39.13),Ⅰ式根治术并发症共计12例(25.53),Ⅱ式根治术并发症共计10例(21.28),保乳术并发症共计6例(13.04)。4种手术方式并发症合计进行比较,有统计学意义,P0.05。4种手术方式并发症单项比较,皮下积液差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论:乳腺癌手术后切口感染、皮瓣坏死、皮下积液和上肢水肿等并发症发生率较高。对患者在术前、术中和术后进行及时有效的正确处理,能有效防治并发症。     

乳癌术后常见并发症的原因及防治

目的探讨乳癌术后常见并发症的原因、预防和治疗方法。方法通过对2008年7月至2012年1月259例实施乳癌改良根治术的病例资料进行回顾性分析总结。结果皮下积液56例,皮瓣坏死33例,上肢淋巴水肿18例。少量积液一般不需特殊处理,积液〉5mL每天可抽吸,然后加压包扎,积液量〉50mL时可放置引流管,时间最长达半个月。皮瓣坏死宽度〈5cm,行换药处理,皮瓣坏死〉5cm给予切痂、植皮处理,均能延期愈合。轻中度上肢淋巴水肿行上肢功能锻炼、按摩、理疗等非手术疗法后好转,重度患者可考虑手术等综合治疗,效果不佳。结论术前合理的设计切口,术中仔细规范操作,术后适当加压包扎,保持引流通畅,适时适度锻炼患侧上肢功能,对乳癌术后皮下积液、皮瓣坏死、上肢淋巴水肿的防治十分重要,可降低乳癌术后并发症的发生,使乳癌患者顺利进入下一步的综合治疗,提高生存质量。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后两种引流方法效果的比较

目的：比较乳腺癌改良根治术后两种引流方法效果的优劣。方法将207例接受乳腺癌改良根治术的患者分为观察组（n＝148）和对照组（n＝59）,观察组术后采用双管接负压吸引器引流,对照组采用传统胸带加压包扎方法引流。比较两组患者引流管留置时间、创面愈合时间及术后常见并发症（皮下积液、皮瓣坏死、患侧上肢淋巴水肿、术后感染）的发生情况。结果两组均留胸骨旁和腋窝双管引流。观察组术后引流管留置时间及创面愈合时间较对照组缩短（P＜0.05）,皮瓣坏死及皮下积液发生率减少（P＜0.05）,而两组患侧上肢淋巴水肿及术后感染发生率差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。结论乳腺癌术后用双管接负压吸引器引流优于传统胸带加压包扎法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.