小果菝葜根茎的甾体皂苷类化学成分研究

目的:研究小果菝葜根茎的甾体类化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱层析、半制备HPLC色谱、Sephadex LH-20等多种色谱方法进行分离,运用NMR、MS等波谱法并结合文献数据对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从小果菝葜根茎中分离得到11个甾体类化合物,分别鉴定为:spirost-5-en-3-ol-[3β,25R]-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)、薯蓣皂苷(2)、薯蓣次苷B(3)、异呐索皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(4)、pregna-5,16-dinen-3β-ol-20-one-3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhmanpyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6)、hypoglaucin G(7)、protodioscin(8)、dioscoreside(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)、胡萝卜苷(11)。结论:其中,化合物1~9均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

穿龙薯蓣中抗血栓活性成分研究

目的为进一步寻找穿龙薯蓣Dioseorea nipponica抗血栓活性成分,对其甾体皂苷类化学成分进行了系统的分离。方法采用正相、反相等色谱分离手段进行分离纯化,通过物理化学方法,根据MS、NMR谱数据,对得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果共分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为薯蓣皂苷元(1)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、薯蓣皂苷(5)、纤细皂苷(6)、伪原薯蓣皂苷(7)、26-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-3β,26-二醇-25(R)-Δ5,20(22)-二烯-呋甾-3-O-[α-L-鼠李糖基(1→2)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、26-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-3β,26-二醇-25(R)-Δ5,20(22)-二烯-呋甾-3-O-[α-L-鼠李糖基(1→4)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)。结论化合物3、4及7～9为首次从该植物中分离得到。大鼠静脉旁路血栓形成试验表明,化合物2和5显示出一定的抗血栓活性。     

滇重楼的抗肿瘤活性成分研究

以活性追踪手段寻找滇重楼中抗肿瘤活性成分,发现螺甾烷型甾体皂苷是其主要活性部位,进一步采用色谱方法纯化得到10个化合物,经波谱分析分别鉴定为:偏诺皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(1),薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(2),偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(3),薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(4),偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(5),薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(6),偏诺皂苷元-3-O-{α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]}-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(7),偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-木吡喃糖基(1→3)-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(8),薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-{α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]}-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(9),薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(10).化合物8为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

穿山龙中原薯蓣皂苷杂质的分离与鉴定

目的对穿山龙Dioscorea nipponica Makino中原薯蓣皂苷所含杂质的化学成分进行研究。方法从穿山龙提取物中得到原薯蓣皂苷粗品,再采用大孔吸附树脂、制备HPLC法进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从中分得3个杂质,经鉴定分别为黄山药皂苷H(dioscoreside H,1)、原纤细薯蓣皂苷(protogracillin,2)和26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(25R)-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ξ,26-三醇-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-[25R]-furost-5-en-3β,22ξ,26-triol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl{1→4}-β-D-glucopyranoside,3)。结论化合物1和3为首次从穿山龙中分离得到。     

盾叶薯蓣鲜根茎中甾体皂苷成分研究

目的:研究盾叶薯蓣鲜根茎中的甾体皂苷成分,寻找新的生物活性物质。方法:运用正相和反相C18硅胶柱色谱对其甾体皂苷成分进行分离,用MS、NMR等光谱方法进行结构鉴定。结果:从乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了1个甾体化合物,为26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-3β,22α,26-三醇-25(R)-呋甾烷-5-烯-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。结论:该化合物为首次从薯蓣属植物中分离得到。     

盾叶薯蓣中甾体类化合物的分离与结构鉴定

目的:对盾叶薯蓣进行化学成分研究。方法:应用多种色谱法分离盾叶薯蓣中的化学成分,采用多种光谱分析法鉴定它们的结构。结果:从盾叶薯蓣中分离得到6个甾体类化合物,即三角叶薯蓣皂苷(1)、原三角叶薯蓣皂苷(2)、盾叶新苷(3)、薯蓣皂苷(4)、3-O-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-薯蓣皂苷元(5)、薯蓣皂苷元(6)。结论:化合物1、2为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

延龄草根及根茎的化学成分研究

目的研究延龄草Trillium tschonoskii根及根茎中的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、聚酰胺、反相硅胶C18和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱对延龄草70%乙醇提取物进行了分离纯化。用质谱、一维及二维核磁等波谱学方法确定了化合物结构。结果从延龄草醋酸乙酯和正丁醇部位分离鉴定得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、偏诺皂苷元(4)、薯蓣皂苷元(5)、7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6-dodecadien-10,11-dihdroxyl-10-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6)、7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6-dodecadien-10,11-dihdroxyl-10-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7)、紫云英苷(8)。结论所有化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

异叶败酱化学成分及其生物活性

目的研究异叶败酱Patrinia heterophylla Bunge的化学成分及其生物活性。方法异叶败酱75%乙醇提取物采用大孔树脂、硅胶、中压液相、半制备高压液相进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。CCK-8法检测各化合物抑制白血病细胞HL-60、K562活性。结果从中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为patrinoside(1)、roseosideⅡ(2)、(3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(3)、apigenin4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)、fissoside B(5)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-芦丁糖苷(6)、rhamnocitrin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(l→4)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside(7)。化合物1～6的IC_(50)<100μg/mL。结论化合物2～6为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物1～3、5～6对HL-60细胞具有一定的毒性抑制作用,化合物2～6对K562细胞具有一定的毒性抑制作用。     

HPLC测定贵州不同产地的七叶一枝花中9种甾体皂苷的含量

目的:通过比较贵州不同产地七叶一枝花中的主要活性成分甾体皂苷的种类和含量,为进一步探讨贵州地区作为七叶一枝花药材种植基地提供参考依据.方法:采用HPLC-UV测定来源于贵州省8个不同产地的七叶一枝花中9种甾体皂苷重楼皂苷Ⅶ,偏诺皂苷-3-O-α-L-rha(1→2)[α-L-rha(1→4)] -β-D-glc (PGRR),重楼皂苷H,重楼皂苷Ⅵ,重楼皂苷Ⅱ,薯蓣皂苷,纤细薯蓣皂苷,重楼皂苷Ⅰ及重楼皂苷V的含量.结果:重楼皂苷Ⅶ,PGRR,重楼皂苷H,重楼皂苷Ⅵ及纤细薯蓣皂苷5个甾体皂苷均可检测到,这可为增加鉴别重楼药材提供依据;独山产地的七叶一枝花中甾体皂苷含量最高(9.62％),其次为铜仁产地(6.39％),含量最低的为遵义产地的药材(0.99％).结论:贵州不同产地的皂苷种类和含量差别很大,适宜作为种植基地的为独山地区.     

白英的化学成分研究

目的:研究茄科茄属植物白英Solanum lyratum全草的化学成分,探讨白英中部分甾体类化合物的抗肿瘤作用.方法:采用柱色谱以及重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及多种波谱方法鉴定化合物结构,并对3个甾体类化合物进行体外抑制人体肝癌细胞Hep G2试验.结果:确定了12个化合物的结构,分别为:薯蓣皂苷元(diosgenin,1),替告皂苷元(tigogenin,2),替告皂苷元酮(tigogenone,3),薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄醛酸甲酯(diosgenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuroniduronic acid methyl ester,4),4-甲基胆甾-7-烯-3β-醇(4-methyl-cholesta-7-ene-3β-ol,5),刺槐素-7-O-芸香糖苷(acacetin 7-O-rutinoside,6),1,5-二羟基-3-甲氧基-7-甲基-蒽醌(1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-methyl-anthraquinone,7),1,3,5-三羟基-7-甲基-蒽醌(1,3,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-anthraquinone,8),大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,9),大豆脑苷I(soya-cerebroside I,10),异香草醛(isovanitlin,11),阿魏酸二十二酯(docosylferulate,12).低浓度下化合物2～4对Hep G 2无明显抑制作用,随浓度增加,对其生长抑制率增强.结论:化合物2,3,5～12为首次从该植物中分离得到.化合物2～4对人体肝癌细胞Hep G2生长有一定的抑制作用.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.