宫颈脱落细胞HPVL1蛋白及HPV DNA载量对宫颈病变的预测价值

目的 探讨宫颈脱落细胞HPVL1蛋白、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV) DNA载量对宫颈病变的预测作用.方法 选取宫颈病变患者362例,宫颈刷采集宫颈脱落细胞,采用免疫化学方法检测HPVL1蛋白,HC2技术检测HPV DNA载量,根据宫颈组织病理学结果将患者分为慢性宫颈炎(190例)、宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ期(CIN Ⅰ,45例)、宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ期(CINⅡ,43例)、宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ期(CINⅢ,46例)和宫颈癌(38例);根据宫颈细胞学检查结果将脱落细胞分为未见异常细胞(NILM,122例),未明确性非典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS,75例),可疑非典型鳞状上皮病变细胞(ASCH,52例),低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL,61例)和高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL,52例),比较不同宫颈病变HPVL1蛋白、HPV DNA载量的差异.结果 130例宫颈脱落细胞HPVL1蛋白阳性,阳性率为35.91％(130/362),其中HPVL1蛋白阳性率由大至小分别为:慢性宫颈炎＞CIN Ⅰ期＞CINⅡ期＞CINⅢ期＞宫颈癌,NILM＞ ASCUS＞ ASCH＞ LSIL＞ HSIL,不同宫颈病变组织病理学或细胞学类型比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),272例HPV DNA阳性,阳性率为75.14％,低度HPV DNA载量以慢性宫颈炎或NILM最多,高度HPV DNA载量以宫颈癌或HSIL最多,明显高于其他宫颈组织病理学或细胞学类型(P＜0.05).结论 HPVL1蛋白在宫颈脱落细胞的表达随着宫颈病变程度加重而下调,HPV DNA载量随宫颈病变程度加重而上调,二者检测在宫颈病变程度的预测中具有重要的价值.     

宫颈病变中PCNA、Ki-67的表达及其与高危型HPV感染的相关性分析

目的:探讨PCNA、Ki-67在宫颈癌、宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)中的表达意义及与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)感染的关系.方法:收集手术切除的宫颈标本280例,其中,研究组中宫颈癌72例,CIN148例,对照组中慢性宫颈炎60例.应用免疫组化检测宫颈标本中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、Ki-67抗原的表达情况,采用PCR技术检测宫颈标本中HR-HPV感染情况.结果:宫颈癌组、CIN组PC-NA表达阳性率明显高于宫颈炎组,且宫颈癌组、CINⅡ～Ⅲ组PCNA阳性率高于CIN Ⅰ组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);宫颈癌组、CIN组Ki-67表达阳性率明显高于宫颈炎组,且宫颈癌组、CINⅡ～Ⅲ组Ki-67阳性率高于CINⅠ组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);宫颈癌组、CIN组、PCNA、Ki-67过表达情况明显高于宫颈炎组,且CINⅡ～Ⅲ组PCNA、Ki-67过表达率明显高于CINI组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);PCNA表达强度与HPV感染呈现正相关(r=0.706,P=0.011);Ki-67表达强度与HPV感染呈现正相关(r=0.695,P=0.021).结论:PCNA、Ki-67在早期宫颈癌及不同级别CIN中的表达存在很大差异,不同级别CIN中HPV感染率亦存在较大差异,因此临床上可以通过联合检测HPV、PCNA、Ki-67等指标对早期宫颈癌、CIN进行辅助诊断.     

人乳头状瘤病毒L1壳蛋白对宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)L1壳蛋白在不同宫颈病变中的表达情况及相关性.方法 选择2011年1月～2013年1月于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院妇科就诊的高危型HPV阳性宫颈病变患者171例作为研究对象,其中慢性宫颈炎组23例,宫颈上皮内瘤变组121例(CINⅠ组48例、CINⅡ组34例、CINⅢ组39例)、宫颈鳞状细胞癌(SCC)组患者27例,采用免疫组化方法检测HPV L1壳蛋白在5种宫颈病变组织的表达情况.结果 171例患者中,HPV L1阳性表达63例,阳性率为36.8％,其中在慢性宫颈炎患者中,HPV L1蛋白阳性表达为17例,阳性率为73.9％;CIN Ⅰ患者中,HPV L1蛋白阳性表达为32例,阳性率为66.7％; CINⅡ患者中,HPV L1蛋白阳性表达为12例,阳性率为35.3％;CINⅢ患者中,HPV L1蛋白阳性表达为2例,阳性表达率为5.1％,SCC组中无HPV L1蛋白表达.五组患者HPV L1蛋白阳性表达率整体比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);炎症组与CINⅡ组、CINⅢ组、SCC组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05);CINⅠ组与CINⅡ组、ClNⅢ组、SCC组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).以患者的病理检查结果作为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,面积为0.799,标准误为0.062,95％CI为0.677～0.921,灵敏度为0.769,特异度为0.750.结论 HPVL1壳蛋白在宫颈上皮内瘤变中的阳性表达随病变程度的加重而呈下降趋势,提示其有望成为预测宫颈癌前病变程度的标志物,对于宫颈癌前病变的筛查和预防具有重要的意义.     

高危型HPV负荷量和端粒酶活性表达与宫颈病变意义

目的了解宫颈癌及癌前病变中高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)负荷量和端粒酶活性表达的作用及临床意义。方法随机选取宫颈病变病人130例,其中宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)80例,宫颈癌20例,慢性宫颈炎30例(对照组)。采用第二代杂交捕获技术(HCⅡ)检测病人宫颈脱落细胞HPV-DNA含量,阴道镜下定位活检,并用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法检测宫颈组织标本中端粒酶活性的表达。结果随着宫颈病变程度的加重,高危型HPV的表达阳性率和病毒负荷量均增高,宫颈癌组和CINⅢ组高危型HPV表达阳性率明显高于对照组、CINⅠ及CINⅡ组(χ2=7.414～29.501,P<0.01);CINⅡ、CINⅢ及宫颈癌组高危型HPV的病毒负荷量均高于CINⅠ组,差异均有显著性(χ2=2 045.871,P<0.05)。宫颈癌组端粒酶活性表达阳性率高于CINⅢ组,CINⅢ组高于CINⅡ组,CINⅡ组高于CINⅠ组,差异均有显著性(χ2=4.022～4.329,P<0.05)。对照组、CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ及宫颈癌组的高危型HPV感染病人中端粒酶活性表达的阳性率分别为0(0/5)、25.00%(2/8)、37.50%(6/16)、72.22%(13/18)、100.00%(19/19)。结论高危型HPV负荷量和端粒酶活性均与宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的发生发展密切相关,两者联合检测有望成为宫颈癌早期筛查、处理及预后判断的辅助指标。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变及早期宫颈癌组织中P16、HPV L-1壳蛋白的表达分析

目的 探讨P16、HPV L-1 壳蛋白的表达及在早期宫颈癌、宫颈上皮内瘤变中的筛查价值。方法 本次研究纳入67 例CIN 患者及15 例早期宫颈鳞状上皮细胞癌患者，另选取慢性宫颈炎患者31 例，应用第二代杂交捕获法及免疫组化法检测HR-HPV 载量、P16 及HPV L-1 壳蛋白表达并对相关性进行分析。结果P16 蛋白在早期宫颈癌、HSIL、LSIL 及慢性宫颈炎阳性表达率升高，HPV L-1 壳蛋白阳性表达率有显著差异（P＜0.05）。随着病毒载量不断增加，HPV L-1 及P16 蛋白阳性表达率均出现变化（P＜0.05）。慢性宫颈炎P16 蛋白表达阳性率及高危型HPV 病毒呈正相关（P＜0.05）。LSIL 病变中P16 蛋白表达阳性率与高危型HPV 病毒呈正相关（P＜0.05）。HSIL病变中P16 蛋白表达阳性率与高危型HPV 病毒无相关性（P＞0.05）。结论 P16、HPV L-1 壳蛋白表达阳性在CIN及早期宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值较高。     

宫颈鳞癌组织HPV16／18感染与多个癌基因产物表达的研究

目的：探讨HPV16、18的感染以及多个癌基因的激活在宫颈鳞癌发生发展中的作用。方法：采用SP免疫组化方法对19例慢性宫颈炎、40例宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）及70例浸润性宫颈鳞癌进行HPV16/18E6蛋白、PCNA、P53、p^21ras和C-myc检测。结果：浸润性宫颈鳞癌组E6阳性率明显高于慢性宫颈炎组,CINⅢ和浸润性宫颈鳞癌组PCNA、P53、p^21ras阳性率明显高于慢性宫颈炎、CINⅠ和CINⅡ,而浸润性宫颈鳞癌组C-myc阳性率则明显低于其它几组。结论：HPV16、18的感染以及PCNA、P53、p^21ras、C-myc的异常表达与宫颈鳞癌的发生发展密切相关。     

宫颈病变HPV16感染及其与c—myc、P53表达的关系

目的：探讨HPV16在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用及其与c-myc、P53表达产物之间的关系。方法：采用原位杂交和免疫组化方法检测了18例慢性宫颈炎、28例CIN、4例宫颈浸润性腺鳞癌和55例宫颈浸润性鳞癌HPV16 E6 DNA及其蛋白和c-myc、P53蛋白的表达情况。结果：浸润性宫颈癌HPV16 E6 DNA及其蛋白、P53蛋白阳性率明显高于慢性宫颈炎组，而c-myc蛋白阳性率则明显低于慢性宫颈炎组，P53蛋白阳性率与HPV16 E6 DNA的检出率之间并无负相关关系。结论：HPV16 E6 DNA的检出及c-myc蛋白的低表达和P53蛋白的高表达与宫颈癌的发生发展密切相关。     

Maspin、bFGF在宫颈病变中的表达及与高危型HPV的相关性研究

目的:通过检测乳腺丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Maspin)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在慢性宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤样变(CIN)及宫颈癌组织中的表达,探讨两者的相关性及与高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(高危型HPV)感染之间的关系。方法:宫颈石蜡组织标本166例,其中高危型HPV(+)组106例(慢性宫颈炎20例、CINⅠ级20例、CINⅡ级20例、CINⅢ级20例、宫颈癌组26例);HPV(-)组60例(CINⅠ级35例、CINⅡ级20例、CINⅢ级5例)。应用SP法检测Maspin、bFGF的表达情况。结果:(1)在高危型HPV(+)组中,Maspin蛋白的阳性表达率呈逐渐下降趋势(P<0.05),且在CINⅢ级组中的表达同慢性宫颈炎组、CINⅠ级组、CINⅡ级组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),在宫颈癌组中的阳性表达与CIN各组、慢性宫颈炎组相比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);bFGF的阳性表达率呈逐渐增加趋势(P<0.05),bFGF阳性表达率在宫颈癌组表达率最高,显著高于慢性宫颈炎组、CINⅠ级组、CINⅡ级组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在HPV(-)组中,Maspin蛋白的表达依次降低,各组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);bFGF的表达依次升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)Maspin、bFGF蛋白的表达呈负相关,两者与高危型HPV分别呈负、正相关。结论:高危型HPV可能通过P53调节通路下调Maspin的蛋白表达及上调bFGF的蛋白表达,导致CIN直至宫颈癌的发生。     

HPV感染和P16INK4A蛋白表达与宫颈癌关系的研究

目的探讨HPV(16/18型)感染和P16INK4A蛋白表达在人类宫颈鳞癌(SCC)及其癌前病变(CIN)中的关系。方法利用原位杂交和免疫组化方法研究了80例慢性宫颈炎及宫颈上皮内瘤变组织和宫颈鳞癌组织中HPV感染以及P16INK4A表达的情况。结果(1)与慢性宫颈炎相比,CINⅡ级、CINⅢ级、浸润癌HPV16、18杂交信号阳性率显著增高(P<0.01);(2)宫颈鳞癌组织、CINⅠ级、CINⅡ级、Ⅲ级及慢性宫颈炎标本中P16INK4A阳性率分别为100%、20.0%、46.7%、100.0%和10.0%;(3)在宫颈鳞癌及CINHPV16、18感染的标本中P16INK4A表达均是阳性。结论宫颈鳞癌的形成与HPV感染、P16INK4A过表达是呈正相关关系,P16INK4A可作为CIN的标志物对宫颈癌筛查和预防有重要意义。     

SRSF2在宫颈病变中的表达及其与HPV16感染的关系

目的:研究SRSF2在宫颈鳞状细胞癌及宫颈上皮内病变中的表达及其与HPV16感染的关系。方法:应用免疫组织化学En Vision法检测SRSF2蛋白在慢性宫颈炎、LSIL、HSIL、宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达情况。结果:SRSF2蛋白在慢性宫颈炎、LSIL、HSIL、宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中高表达率分别为0(0/35)、7.14%(5/70)、29.17%(21/72)、67.27%(37/55)。随着宫颈上皮的病变程度增加,SRSF2蛋白的表达水平呈上升趋势。慢性宫颈炎与LSIL比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其余各组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。HPV16在慢性宫颈炎、LSIL、HSIL、宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中阳性表达分别为0(0/35)、11.43%(8/70)、41.67%(30/72)、76.37%(42/55),各组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。SRSF2蛋白表达与HPV16感染呈正相关(r=0.756,P0.001)。结论:SRSF2蛋白的阳性率随宫颈病变的发展呈增高趋势,SRSF2蛋白表达与HPV16感染呈正相关,提示HPV16与SRSF2有协同致瘤作用,SR靶点可能成为HPV相关的宫颈肿瘤治疗新途径。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.