邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯联合染毒对青春期大鼠精子生成的影响

目的:探讨邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)联合染毒对青春期大鼠精子生成的影响。方法:6周龄SD大鼠(56只)随机分为染毒[375、750和1 500 mg/(kg.d)]组[予等质量DEHP和DBP混合物(溶解于玉米油中)灌胃]和对照组(予等量玉米油),每组14只。两组2、4周末断头各处死7只,并观察生精功能和附睾组织学改变。结果:染毒2周,750、1 500 mg/(kg.d)组睾丸内精子头数目、每日精子生成量和附睾精子总数及精子畸形率与对照组比有统计学意义(P<0.05);染毒4周,1 500 mg/(kg.d)组睾丸内精子头数目、每日精子生成量和附睾精子总数及精子畸形率与对照组比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。染毒2、4周,染毒组附睾管厚度与对照组比有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:DEHP和DBP联合染毒对青春期大鼠有明显的生殖毒性作用,可严重影响精子生成数量和质量,且对附睾有一定的毒害作用。     

人参皂甙Rg1对单侧输尿管梗阻后大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用研究

目的观察人参皂甙Rg1对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响。方法将雄性SD大鼠80只随机分为4组:UUO组、人参皂甙Rg1组(Rg1)、氯沙坦组(ARB)和假手术组(SOR)。从术后24 h开始,Rg1组予人参皂甙Rg1溶液腹腔注射50 mg/(kg.d),其余3组予以同等体积生理盐水腹腔注射;ARB组予氯沙坦溶液20 mg/(kg.d)灌胃,其余3组予以同等体积生理盐水灌胃,连续14 d。术后第3 d、7 d、14 d处死各组大鼠,行HE、Masson和PAS染色,动态观察肾间质病理学改变。采用荧光定量PCR、Western蛋白印迹、免疫组织化学方法从mRNA和蛋白质水平观察各组肾脏组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的表达情况。结果UUO组呈进行性肾间质纤维化改变,包括小管的萎缩、扩张、炎细胞浸润、肾间质胶原的沉积。Rg1组和ARB组上述肾脏病理损害明显减轻。UUO组肾脏组织TGF-β1的表达量较SOR组升高(P<0.05),尤以7~14 d明显。Rg1组和ARB组TGF-β1的表达量与UUO组比较有明显的下降(P<0.05)。结论人参皂甙Rg1对UUO所致的大鼠肾间质纤维化的形成有明显的抑制作用,其作用机制可能与降低TGF-β1的表达有关。     

人参皂甙Rg1对DM大鼠肾脏NO和血管紧张素Ⅱ的影响

目的 探讨人参皂甙Rg1对肾脏的保护作用及可能机制.方法 将糖尿病(DM)大鼠分为DM组和人参皂甙Rg1治疗组,另设对照组(NC组).人参皂甙Rg1 50 mg/(kg·d)治疗8周后取尿、血,检测血糖(BG)及血、尿肌酐(CCr),观察肾小球病理、肾脏肥大指数、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、外周血和肾皮质组织血管紧...     

丙烯酰胺对大鼠睾丸的毒性作用及其对增殖细胞核抗原蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察丙烯酰胺(AA)对大鼠睾丸的毒性作用及其对增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)蛋白表达的影响.方法 将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(双蒸水)、4 mg/kg AA染毒组、12 mg/kg AA染毒组和36 mg/kg AA染毒组.连续灌胃30 d后,取睾丸行苏木精-伊红染色,观察睾丸组织形态学变化;TUNEL法检测睾丸细胞凋亡情况;化学发光法检测血清中睾酮和雌二醇含量;反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测睾丸组织PCNA mRNA表达;免疫组织化学法和Western blotting技术检测睾丸组织PCNA蛋白表达.结果 12 mg/kg和36 mg/kg AA染毒组大鼠体质量明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).12 mg/kg和36 mg/kg AA染毒组大鼠睾丸组织生精细胞减少,生精上皮萎缩,管腔出现空泡,凋亡细胞显著增多.各染毒组大鼠血清睾酮水平均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);12 mg/kg和36 mg/kg AA染毒组大鼠血清雌二醇水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,12 mg/kg和36 mg/kg AA染毒组大鼠睾丸组织PCNA mRNA和蛋白表达均明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 AA染毒可引起雄性大鼠性激素分泌减少,睾丸组织发生病理学改变,凋亡细胞增多,PCNA蛋白表达减少,打乱生精细胞增殖与凋亡的动态平衡,导致生殖系统发生不同程度的功能障碍.     

人参皂甙Rg1对海马电损伤大鼠的学习记忆功能和海马神经细胞形态的影响

摘要：目的研究人参皂甙Rg1对海马电损伤SD大鼠的学习记忆功能和海马神经细胞形态的的保护作用。方法选用成
年雌性SD大鼠,分成4组：人参皂甙Rg1治疗组、生理盐水组、假手术组和假手术+人参皂甙Rg1治疗组;通过立体定向仪
精确定位大鼠海马,导入电极并通直流电损伤海马,制备海马电损伤的大鼠模型。假手术组和假手术+人参皂甙Rg1治疗
组不通电,模型制备完成后,人参皂甙Rg1治疗组和假手术+人参皂甙Rg1治疗组用50 mg/(kg·d)人参皂甙Rg1灌胃,生理
盐水对照组和假手术组均使用用生理盐水灌胃连续14 d。给药结束后,通过Morris水迷宫测试观察人参皂甙Rg1对海马
电损伤SD大鼠学习记忆功能的保护作用。然后通过灌注固定大鼠大脑神经细胞,并且石蜡切片,对切片进行神经元HE
染色和神经元尼氏染色,来观察各组大鼠海马神经元存活状态,神经元细胞的排列情况和神经元尼氏小体的数量。结果
人参皂甙Rg1可明显改善海马电损伤SD大鼠学习记忆功能;假手术组和假手术+人参皂甙Rg1治疗组的存活神经元数目
没有明显差别（P>0.05）,同时生理盐水组的尼氏小体数目明显低于其他各组。结论人参皂甙Rg1可改善海马电损伤SD
大鼠学习记忆功能,人参皂甙Rg1对电损伤神经元的的保护作用可能与其保护保护神经细胞结构和排列的完整性有关。     

慢性铝暴露对大鼠精子质量的影响

目的探讨慢性铝暴露对大鼠精子质量的影响及其与睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量的关系。方法取体重为180～200g雄性Wistar大鼠96只,根据饮水中AlCl_3的半数致死量(LD50),采用AlCl_3水溶液饮水暴露法使大鼠染铝,设置高剂量组[1/5LD50,256.72 mg/(kg·d)]、中剂量组[1/10LD50,128.36 mg/(kg·d)]、低剂量组[1/20LD50,64.18mg/(kg·d)]及对照组[0mg/(kg·d)],每组随机分配24只,大鼠连续16周饮水染铝。饲养结束,对大鼠附睾精子进行精子质量检测,并检测睾丸组织的SOD活性及MDA含量。结果与对照组比较,低、中、高剂量组的前向精子百分比均偏低,死精子百分比、形态异常精子百分比偏高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。低、中、高剂量组的睾丸组织SOD活性低于对照组,而MDA含量高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Spearman相关分析显示前向运动精子百分比与铝染毒剂量、睾丸组织MDA含量呈负相关(P<0.01),与睾丸组织SOD活性呈正相关(P<0.001);死精子及形态异常精子百分比与铝染毒剂量、睾丸组织MDA含量呈正相关(P<0.001),与睾丸组织SOD活性呈负相关(P<0.001)。结论铝会降低精子质量,脂质过氧化可能是其作用机制之一。     

人参皂甙Rg3对脓毒症小鼠炎症反应及淋巴细胞内Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的影响

目的 探讨人参皂甙Rg3对脓毒症小鼠炎症反应的保护作用和对淋巴细胞内凋亡相关蛋白裂解的天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Cleaved Caspase-3)蛋白表达的影响。方法采用区组随机法将40只小鼠分为对照组、人参皂甙Rg3组、脂多糖（LPS）组、人参皂甙Rg3+LPS组,每组10只。其中LPS组、人参皂甙Rg3+LPS组小鼠通过腹腔注射LPS的方法制备脓毒症模型。对照组用0.3 ml 0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d,第4天腹腔注射0.3 ml 0.9%氯化钠注射液;人参皂甙Rg3组将人参皂甙Rg3按30 mg/kg溶于0.3 ml 0.9%氯化钠溶液后,灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d,第4天腹腔注射0.3 ml 0.9%氯化钠注射液;LPS组用0.3 ml 0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d,第4天腹腔注射0.3 ml LPS溶液（15 mg/kg LPS溶于0.3 ml 0.9%氯化钠注射液）;人参皂甙Rg3+LPS组将人参皂甙Rg3按30 mg/kg溶于0.3 ml 0.9%氯化钠溶液后,灌胃,1次/d,连续7 d,第4天腹腔注射0.3 ml LPS溶液（1...     

甲醛对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖毒性的作用研究

目的探讨甲醛对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖的影响及其作用机制。方法选用性成熟期健康SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为甲醛染毒高(10 m g/kg.d)、中(1 m g/kg.d)、低(0.1 m g/kg.d)剂量和对照组4组。腹腔注射染毒14 d后观察睾丸重量和形态学改变,精子数量和质量改变,血液中激素含量的改变;利用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测睾丸细胞的凋亡;免疫组化方法检测睾丸F as基因的表达。结果①高剂量染毒组大鼠睾丸组织的质量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),中、高剂量染毒组睾丸曲细精管萎缩,生精上皮细胞层数减少,细胞排列紊乱;②中、高剂量染毒组大鼠精子的数量和精子活动度较对照组明显减少,精子畸形率明显增加(P<0.05);③染毒组与对照组相比,血清卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量轻度增高,而睾酮含量轻度下降,但差异没有统计学意义;④中、高剂量染毒组睾丸凋亡细胞较对照组明显增多(P<0.05),F as基因表达明显增加(P<0.05),且F as基因阳性表达与睾丸的凋亡指数呈正相关(r=0.8832,P<0.05)。结论甲醛对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖系统有较明显的损伤,这种损伤可能与F as介导的睾丸生精细胞凋亡机制有关。     

人参皂甙Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠pJNK表达的影响

目的 探讨人参皂甙Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织c-jun N-末端激酶(pJNK)表达的影响及其意义.方法 将大鼠随机分为假手术组、单纯缺血再灌注组、人参皂甙Rg1 10、20、40 mg/kg组、尼莫地平1 mg/kg组,采用大脑中动脉闭塞法建立脑缺血再灌注模型,应用免疫组织化学方法检测脑组织缺血再灌注4h后pJNK的表达.结果 人参皂甙Rg1各剂量组大鼠脑组织pJNK表达阳性率分别为(23.89±6.77),(15.19±4.59),(9.15±4.77),均低于单纯缺血再灌注组(27.15±8.46).结论 人参皂甙Rg1防治大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制可能与抑制脑组织pJNK表达有关,且以高剂量效果较好.     

Research in reproductive toxicity of Sudan Red on sperms of mice

目的 为了探讨苏丹红Ⅱ的雄性生殖毒性效应,研究了苏丹红Ⅱ对雄性昆明小鼠的睾丸、附睾和精子的毒性作用.方法 采用不同剂量的苏丹红Ⅱ配制的饲料喂食小鼠即0.012mg/kg、0.12mg/kg、1.20mg/kg对小鼠染毒,对照组小鼠给予不含苏丹红Ⅱ的饲料喂食,每只每天0.10kg,连续7d,染毒后35d脱颈处死小鼠,观察和分析小鼠精子的数量、活动度和畸形率.结果 小鼠睾丸、附睾湿重与体重比值染毒组与对照组无明显差异;精子密度及精子活力染毒组与对照组也无统计学差异显著性;染毒组小鼠畸形精子显著高于对照组,经统计学分析其差异显著.结论 苏丹红Ⅱ导致小鼠睾丸附睾重量减低对生殖器官有损害作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.